柱前衍生液相色谱荧光检测法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中的低聚半乳糖

目的建立一种柱前衍生高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中的低聚半乳糖含量的分析方法。方法样品用2-氨基苯甲酰胺衍生后,经色谱柱分离,用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器检测,外标峰加和分段法定量。结果建立的方法可以测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中的低聚半乳糖含量。采用麦芽糖、麦芽三糖、麦芽四糖、麦芽五糖、麦芽六糖和麦芽七糖建立标准曲线,在1～250μg/mL线性范围内相关系数(r~2)大于0.999。回收率为85.9%～103.5%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)小于5%,检出限为1.0 g/kg,定量限为3.0 g/kg。结论本方法方法重现性好,精密度高,解决了婴幼儿配方乳粉中高含量乳糖对低聚半乳糖测定的干扰问题,可以为食品中低聚半乳糖的定量提供良好的解决方案。     

IC指纹图谱测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中低聚半乳糖

建立指纹图谱法测定低聚半乳糖含量的方法,利用离子色谱构建低聚半乳糖指纹图谱,分析得到特征组分,测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中低聚半乳糖含量。结果表明:当称样量为1.0 g时,检出限为2.5 g/kg,定量限为5.0 g/kg,线性范围为4.0 g/kg~64.5 g/kg,回收率在94.0%~106.7%之间,相对标准偏差为1.2%~2.8%,表明指纹图谱法的准确度和精密度满足婴幼儿配方奶粉中低聚半乳糖含量测定的需要。     

半制备高效液相色谱-离子色谱法检测婴幼儿配方食品中低聚半乳糖的含量

优化并建立了半制备高效液相色谱法分离和收集、离子色谱法测定婴幼儿配方食品中低聚半乳糖的方法。本实验以乳粉、特殊医学配方奶粉和液态奶为实验对象,利用半制备高效液相色谱法分别收集婴幼儿配方食品中的二糖和三糖及聚合度(Degree of polymerization,DP)3以上的糖,再利用β-半乳糖苷酶水解收集到的聚合度3及3以上的糖组分,利用离子色谱法测定酶解后的半乳糖和葡萄糖的含量,通过计算得到样品中低聚半乳糖的含量。半制备高效液相色谱馏分固定相为Ag+色谱柱(200 mm×10 mm),流动相为100%超纯水,流速0.3 mL/min,进样量100 μL,柱温80℃;离子色谱条件固定相为Carbo Pac PA-1色谱柱(250 mm×4 mm),流动相为0.5 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液、0.5 mol/L的乙酸钠和超纯水梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,进样量25 μL。测定的异乳糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、1,6-β-D-半乳二糖和1,3(4)-β-D-半乳二糖线性范围在1.0～30.0 μg/mL,相关系数在0.9985～0.9999,回收率在82.80%～87.67%,相对标准偏差(Relative standard deviation,RSD)≤5%。该方法结果准确,能够满足检测要求,前处理操作简单,便于大批量样品的检测。     

离子色谱-质谱联用技术测定婴幼儿配方乳粉及乳制品中的4种糖的含量

建立同时测定婴幼儿配方乳粉及乳制品中的半乳糖、乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖的离子色谱-质谱联用方法。样品经过水浴超声萃取,用Dionex CarbonPac PA1(250 mm×2 mm)色谱柱分离,以KOH溶液为淋洗液梯度淋洗,采用电喷雾离子源负离子多反应监测模式进行检测。结果表明,半乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖在0.25～5.00 μg/mL范围内,乳糖在2.50～50.00 μg/mL范围内线性良好,检出限为1.76～26.4 μg/L;不同样品添加不同水平浓度的加标实验,回收率为95.8%～103.4%。应用该方法分析婴幼儿配方乳粉、纯牛乳和发酵乳等10组样品,结果稳定、重现性好,分析婴幼儿配方乳粉标准参照样品,结果准确度高。该方法可用于婴幼儿配方乳粉及乳制品中半乳糖、乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量的测定。     

高效液相荧光色谱法检测婴幼儿配方食品中7种母乳低聚糖

摘 要: 目的 建立高效液相荧光色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector, HPLC-FLD)检测婴幼儿配方食品配方奶粉中7种母乳低聚糖(human milk oligosaccharides, HMOs)的分析方法。方法 婴幼儿配方食品复溶后, 首先通过酶解处理(β-半乳糖苷酶和淀粉葡萄糖苷酶)去除婴幼儿配方食品基质中存在的HMOs干扰物, 例如麦芽糖糊精和低聚半乳糖, 酶解后向样品溶液中添加内标物质, 后使用衍生化方法使得目标HMOs和内标物质均标记荧光基团(2-氨基苯甲酰胺), 即可运用HPLC-FLD对其进行检测。该方法使用HMOs外标法进行目标物的定量分析, 且标准物质信号均亦通过内标物矫正。结果 婴幼儿配方食品中7种HMOs可通过酶解、衍生及HPLC-FLD检测, 使用外标法进行定量分析。通过内标物质可矫正信号, 减少实验偏差。7种HMOs [2’-岩藻糖基乳糖(2’-fucosyllactose, 2’-FL)、3-岩藻糖基乳糖(3-fucosyllactose, 3-FL)、双岩藻糖基乳糖(difucosyllactoses, DFL)、乳糖N-四糖(lacto-N-tetraose, LNT)、乳糖-N-新四糖(lacto-N-neotetraose, LNnT)、3’-唾液酸乳糖(3’-sialyllactose, 3’-SL)和6’-唾液酸乳糖(6’-sialyllactose, 6’-SL)]可检测范围分别为20.0~1247.9、18.3~1146.2、7.6~455.1、16.4~821.9、16.3~814.2、7.2~431.6、8.0~477.2 mg/100 g powder, 准确度范围为91%~110%, 相对标准偏差低于2%。结论 该方法可实现0~36月龄婴幼儿配方食品中7种HMOs的定量检测, 结果准确可靠。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中的丙烯酰胺

建立了婴幼儿配方乳粉中丙烯酰胺的气相色谱-串联质谱的测定方法。样品经水溶解后,用乙酸锌、亚铁氰化钾沉淀蛋白,离心,上清液经溴化衍生后经乙酸乙酯提取,采用气相色谱-串联质谱进行定性定量检测,内标法定量。结果表明,丙烯酰胺浓度为5~500 ng/mL时线性良好（＞0.999）,在10 ~ 40 μg/kg水平的加标回收率为89.4 %~107.2 %,相对标准偏差为3.3 %~7.1%（n=6）,检出限为0.25μg/kg,定量限为0.75μg/kg。该方法线性良好、灵敏度、准确度高,抗干扰能力强,适合婴幼儿配方乳粉中痕量丙烯酰胺的测定。     

响应面法优化β-半乳糖苷酶法制备低聚半乳糖工艺

本文以乳糖为起始原料,在单因素实验的基础上,结合响应面分析法考察加酶量、反应温度、反应时间、反应pH等因素对低聚半乳糖总产率和低聚半乳四糖产率的影响,优化β-半乳糖苷酶法制备低聚半乳糖工艺。结果表明,β-半乳糖苷酶法制备低聚半乳糖的最佳工艺参数为起始乳糖浓度300 g/L、加酶量8.25 U/g乳糖、反应温度49 ℃、反应时间16 h、反应pH5.6。在此条件下,低聚半乳糖总产率为14.61%,低聚半乳四糖产率为3.31%。该方法针对性提高高聚合度低聚半乳糖的产率,可为低聚半乳糖的功能性应用及特医食品的研发提供参考。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中的3-氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯及其风险评估

建立检测婴幼儿配方乳粉中3-氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯的气相色谱-串联质谱法,测定不同市售婴幼儿配方乳粉中3-氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯的含量,掌握婴幼儿配方乳粉中酯类污染情况并进行安全风险评估。采用正己烷提取婴幼儿配方乳粉中的3-氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯,经过水解、苯基硼酸衍生、气相色谱-串联质谱法测定,内标法定量。结果表明,3-氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯总量在0.040 0～4.00μg/m L、3-氯丙醇酯含量在0.020 0～2.00μg/m L的范围内线性良好,相关系数R²>0.999,检出限均为10.0μg/kg,定量限均为25.0μg/kg。在25.0、100、300μg/kg添加水平下,平均回收率在95.0%～98.1%之间。该方法准确率高、回收率好,可用于婴幼儿配方乳粉中的3-氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯的检测。150份市售婴幼儿配方乳粉样品中,3-氯丙醇酯检出率为12.7%,含量为ND～52.4μg/kg,平均检出值为29.8μg/kg。缩水甘油酯检出率为6.67%,含量为ND～40.1μg/kg,平均检出值为31.9μg/kg。3-氯丙醇酯的平均暴露水平为0.33～...     

液相色谱-质谱联用技术检测婴幼儿乳粉中的丙烯酰胺

建立了婴幼儿乳粉中的丙烯酰胺的高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱联用测定方法。样品加水溶解超声提取后,利用乙腈除蛋白,正己烷除脂,使用Hypersil GOLD C18柱(50 mm×4.6 mm(i.d.),1.9μm)分离,经梯度洗脱分离,用电喷雾正离子MRM模式检测,同位素内标定量,可以对婴幼儿配方乳粉中的丙烯酰胺进行定量分析。结果表明:该方法的检出限为5μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg,线性范围10.0μg/L～200.0μg/L,加标回收率介于86.7%～106.8%之间,相对标准偏差3.07%～9.61%(n=6)。     

乳酸克鲁维酵母乳糖酶合成低聚半乳糖的研究

低聚半乳糖因其具有优越的生理功能而获得广泛关注。利用乳酸克鲁维酵母来源的β-半乳糖苷酶水解乳糖进行酶法合成低聚半乳糖的研究,应用薄层层析定性、HPLC-ELSD定量技术对低聚半乳糖进行分析,并对其合成条件进行优化。β-半乳糖苷酶水解乳糖合成低聚半乳糖的最佳反应条件为:底物(乳糖)浓度50%、加酶量40 U/g、p H7.5、50℃,以上条件下反应2 h,低聚半乳糖产率为23.4%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.