茶鲜叶中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的检测方法

拟除虫菊酯农药用量少,杀虫效果好,广泛应用于茶园害虫的控制,是我国出口茶叶中必检的农药。为实现茶叶生产危害分析关键控制点(HACCP)体系中农药残留的源头控制,提供农残源头监督检验方法依据,避免大量使用农药对茶园土壤环境造成的污染,开发茶鲜叶中菊酯类农药的多残留检测方法有重要的实践意义。本实验用V(石油醚)∶V(丙酮)=1∶1混合溶剂提取,经弗罗里硅土柱层析净化除去干扰物质,采用气相色谱,微电子捕获检测器(μECD)测定茶鲜叶中主要的6种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量。方法最低检出浓度为0.005～0.01mg/kg;茶鲜叶中拟除虫菊酯农药的添加浓度为0.05、0.2、1.0mg/kg,其回收率在83.6%～104.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.7%～10.2%,符合农药残留分析要求。     

超声波辅助提取-GC/MS法测定蔬菜中18种农药

开展待测农药残留样品的高效、快速检测方法研究,建立快速、准确测定蔬菜中有机氯、拟除虫菊酯农药的超声波辅助-气相色谱-质谱检测方法。用气相色谱-质谱检测方法,乙腈作为提取溶剂,超声波辅助提取,CARB/NH_2固相萃取小柱净化,通过Rtx-5MS色谱柱分离检测,用外标法对蔬菜10种有机氯和8种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留进行了测定。方法灵敏准确、简便快捷,满足现阶段蔬菜中的农药残留分析要求。     

双柱定性-气相色谱测定蔬菜中多种农药残留

建立固相萃取-双柱定性-气相色谱法测定蔬菜中多种有机氯、拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的方法。样品中的有机氯、拟除虫菊酯类农药经乙腈溶剂超声提取后,CARB/NH2固相萃取柱净化,采用HP-5与DB1701毛细管色谱柱双柱定性,气相色谱-电子捕获检测法(GC-ECD)进行定量分析。在一定浓度范围内质量浓度与峰面积有良好的线性关系,其线性相关系数为0.999 1~0.999 8,加标回收率在86%~110%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.73%~4.1%,方法检出限在5.0×10~(-4)mg/kg~1.0×10~(-3)mg/kg。该方法充分利用双柱定性的优势,检测结果准确、可靠,达到农残检测的要求,适用于蔬菜中多种有机氯、拟除虫菊酯类农药的同时测定。     

气相色谱法测定茶叶中菊酯类农药残留量

为了建立一种气相色谱法测定茶叶中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的分析方法。采用气相色谱法-电子捕获检测器对6种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量进行检测。发现6种拟除虫菊酯类农药分离效果较好,峰高与浓度呈良好的线性关系(R≥0.9948),该法检出限为0.005~0.02mg/kg,样品加标回收率为79.6%~118.5%。证明其方法简单,净化效果好,精密度好、回收率高,能够满足茶叶中拟除虫菊酯类农药测定的要求。     

海藻中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留分析

目的 检测海藻中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留情况,并对农药污染现状进行分析与评价.方法 羊栖菜、昆布、紫菜和石花菜样品分别用石油醚、正己烷:丙酮(1:1)、丙酮:二氯甲烷(1:1)、丙酮:二氯甲烷(1:1)溶液进行微波辅助萃取,采用超声波萃取联合气相色谱(GC),测定有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药含量.结果 六氯苯、七氯、...     

固相萃取－气相色谱法同时检测茶叶中多种农药和多氯联苯残留

建立茶叶中21种有机氯、拟除虫菊酯类农药和多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)残留固相萃取(solid-phase extraction,SPE)-气相色谱分析方法。用正己烷-丙酮(1:1,V/V)提取,经Envi-Carb/NH2复合固相萃取柱净化,采用RTX-5毛细管柱分离,气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(gas chromatography-electron caputure detector,GC-ECD)检测。在0.02、0.05、0.3mg/kg三个添加水平,平均回收率为68.64%～125.62%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为1.05%～12.78%,该方法的检测限(detection of limit,LOD)在0.0022～0.0129mg/kg之间,适用于茶叶试样中痕量残留的分析。     

固相萃取结合气相色谱法测定茶叶中三氯杀螨醇和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

目的建立茶叶中三氯杀螨醇和7种拟除虫菊酯类农药的检测方法。方法以丙酮作为提取溶剂,提取液经石墨碳黑/氨基(Carbon/NH2)固相萃取小柱净化后,用DB-5毛细管柱分离,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)进行测定。结果三氯杀螨醇和拟除虫菊酯类农药在20～800μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)均在0.998以上,最低检出限为0.23～1.38μg/kg,样品的加标回收率在88.5%～106.4%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.5%～10.7%之间。结论本方法净化效果好、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于茶叶样品中三氯杀螨醇和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量的检测。     

气相色谱法测定农产品中农药残留的基质效应研究

目的研究气相色谱测定农产品中农药残留时的基质效应。方法用气相色谱法测定农产品的3种代表基质(结球甘蓝、苹果、平菇)中16种常用有机磷农药和17种常用有机氯及拟除虫菊酯农药,并计算其基质效应。结果 16种有机磷农药基质效应普遍高于17种有机氯及拟除虫菊酯类农药,且有机磷农药普遍表现为基质增强效应,有机氯及拟除虫菊酯类农药普遍表现为基质减弱效应。结论在色谱分析中,建议采用基质配标法进行定量检测,从而保证检测结果的准确性。     

牛奶中有机氯农药及拟除虫菊酯农药多残留的HS-SPME-GC-MS分析方法研究

目的 建立牛奶中有机氯农药和拟除虫菊酯类农药的快速多残留测定方法.方法 以顶空固相微萃取作为前处理手段,采用气相色谱-质谱联用方法测定牛奶样品中31种农药组分（其中有机氯农药23种,拟除虫菊酯类农药8种）,并以13C6-六氯苯和13C10-灭蚁灵作为稳定的同位素内标物,采用内标法定量.结果 方法的最低检测限在0.002～0.2μg/L之间,回收率在85%～110%之间.相对标准差在3%～12%之间.结论 该方法快速、简单、准确、可靠、环保.适用于批量牛奶样品中农药残留的筛查.     

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定茶叶中72种农药残留量

建立茶叶中有机氯农药、拟除虫菊酯农药、有机磷农药等72种农药及其异构体多残留的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析方法。样品加水润湿后,乙腈均质提取,5g/100mL氯化钠溶液与提取液经液液萃取后,再用Carbon/NH2小柱净化,25mL乙酸乙酯-丙酮(1:1)淋洗。优化色谱条件,采用选择离子监测(SIM)模式进行质谱检测。分别在样品中添加标准农药样品0.1、1.0mg/kg水平上进行添加回收率实验,方法的回收率范围为65.3%～142.3%,相对标准偏差为3.0%～20.6%(n=6)。以信噪比RSN=3计算各农药的最低检出限为0.01～0.08mg/kg范围。该方法结果准确、重现性好,满足茶叶中多种农药残留检测要求。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.