牛奶中双甲脒含量快速检测方法的研究

目的建立快速检测牛奶中双甲脒的气相色谱法。方法试样中的双甲脒经酸水解成2,4-二甲基苯胺,碱化后用正己烷提取,七氟丁酸酐衍生,气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测,外标法定量。结果该方法检测双甲脒回收率范围在83.6%~97.4%之间,相对标准偏差在1.02%~4.23%之间,最低检出限为5μg/kg。结论该方法简单、快速、分离度好,适用于牛奶中双甲脒含量的测定。     

超高效液相色谱法同时测定蜂蜜中双甲脒及其代谢物残留量

目的建立超高效液相色谱法(ultra-performance liquid chromatography,UPLC)同时测定蜂蜜中双甲脒及其代谢物(2, 4-二甲基苯胺)残留量的方法。方法样品经0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液提取、正己烷-异丙醇(2:1,V:V)混合液萃取,再采用ACQUITYUPLC?BEHC_(18)(2.1mm×100mm,1.7μm)色谱柱进行分离,以乙腈和20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液作为流动相,柱温30℃、流速为0.20 mL/min,检测器波长在235 nm处进行检测,外标法定量。结果双甲脒及2,4-二甲基苯胺标准曲线在2.0～500.0 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限双甲脒为0.27μg/kg, 2,4-二甲基苯胺为0.42μg/kg,以样品加标做回收率测定,双甲脒与2,4-二甲基苯胺的回收率分别为99.6%～101.2%和99.3%～101.6%,测得的相对标准偏差均小于5%。结论该方法具有线性范围宽、检出限低,灵敏度、准确度高,重复性好等优点,能满足于蜂蜜中双甲脒及2,4-二甲基苯胺的快速检测要求。     

GC-MS检测蜂蜜中双甲脒残留量的方法研究

试验通过改变提取溶剂体积和前处理步骤,建立了一种快速、节约、高效的GC-MS检测蜂蜜中双甲脒残留量方法。经验证,该方法检出限为17.2μg/kg,定量限为57.3μg/kg,在20~320 ng/mL线性范围内双甲脒及其代谢物的峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系,相关系数达0.999以上。当加标浓度在80 ng/mL时,双甲脒回收率达到92.8%~99.1%,2,4-二甲基苯胺回收率达到84.6%~88.9%。在600μg/kg含量水平下连续测定6针,其相对标准偏差为0.816%。该方法简单可靠,适合实验室进行样品的批量处理。     

GPC净化-GC-MS/MS法测定鳗鱼中杀虫脒、双甲脒及代谢物残留

建立了鳗鱼中杀虫脒及其代谢物4-氯邻甲基苯胺、双甲脒及其代谢物2,4-二甲基苯胺残留的GPC-GC/MS/MS检测方法。样品经环己烷+乙酸乙酯(1+1)均质提取,凝胶渗透色谱净化,采用气相色谱-串联质谱检测,外标法定量。结果表明:4种农药在5~100μg/L质量浓度范围内,组分含量与峰面积呈线性相关,相关系数为0.998 8~0.999 8,4种农药在鳗鱼中不同质量浓度水平的加标回收率分别为74.55%~99.28%,71.09%~96.70%和77.47%~89.42%,相应的相对标准偏差分别为2.52%~4.49%,2.78%~5.27%和0.73%~3.27%(n=6)。方法检出限为0.07~2.0μg/kg。该方法具有检出限低、灵敏度高、快速、准确的特点,可适用于鳗鱼中杀虫脒、双甲脒及代谢物农药残留同时检测。     

优化气相色谱法检测牛奶中双甲脒残留标志物

目的改进国标中的气相色谱法测定牛乳中双甲脒残留标志物残留的前处理与色谱条件。方法样品使用1 mol/L的盐酸溶液提取,10000 r/min离心转速离心5 min,取上清液使用固相萃取(solid-phase extraction,SPE)小柱过滤净化。对气相色谱的色谱条件进行优化,使用外标法定量。结果通过使用优化处理条件,该方法的线性范围在10~400 ng/m L,线性关系良好。添加5、10、25?g/kg浓度水平,回收率均在90.5%~100.2%之间,相对标准偏差为1.4%~3.2%。结论改进后的方法回收率高、准确性高,对牛乳中双甲脒残留物的检测具有重要意义。     

双甲脒胶体金免疫快速检测试纸条研制及其在蜂蜜中的应用

目的 基于胶体金免疫层析原理研制双甲脒快速检测试纸条,评价其在蜂蜜检测中的应用效果。方法 使用双甲脒-BSA偶联物作为人工抗原免疫小鼠获得单克隆抗体,制备胶体金微孔试剂,使用双甲脒-OVA偶联物和羊抗鼠IgG抗体分别作为试纸条的检测线和控制线,并对蜂蜜样品进行添加检测。结果研制的试纸条可以定性检测蜂蜜中双甲脒的残留,对蜂蜜中双甲脒的检测限为0.2mg/kg,检测用时约25min,,与双甲脒功能和结构相似的其他药物时无交叉反应,特异性较好。结论 本试验研制的试纸条适用于蜂场现场快速检测以及基层实验室中大量样本的筛查,为蜂蜜中抗生素残留控制提供有效监管手段。     

食品中双甲脒残留量气相色谱测定方法研究

双甲脒 [ａｍｉｔｒａｚ :Ｎ 甲基 双 (2 ,4 二甲苯亚氨基甲基 )胺 ,商品名Ｍｉｔａｃ]属中等毒农药 ,是一种广谱性杀螨剂 ,用于防治果树、蔬菜等作物上多种害螨 ,也可用于防治牛、羊等畜牧体外蜱螨。目前 ,该农药残留量测定方法有气相色谱法、液相色谱法、紫外分光光度法等。[1～ 3] 在本工作中 ,我们分别对从蔬菜、水果、油脂类中选择的白菜、油菜、苹果、梨、豆油、菜籽油进行提取时间试验和衍生反应时间试验 ,研究结果表明 ,该方法快速、准确、可靠 ,方法回收率和精密度结果良好。1　材料与方法1 1　原理双甲脒经酸水解生成 2 ,4 二…     

气相色谱法检测茶叶中痕量双甲脒

研究应用气相色谱法测定茶叶中痕量双甲脒残留物的分析方法。对样品预处理的方法进行探索,最终选择出较为理想的提取试剂,并对定量检测条件作了较详细的研究。     

QuEChERS-气相色谱-质谱联用法检测茶叶中3种杀虫剂残留

目的建立QuEChERS-气相色谱-质谱联用法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)检测茶叶中的溴虫腈、啶虫脒和茚虫威3种杀虫剂残留的方法。方法通过对提取溶剂和净化剂的选择、基质效应等条件因素的改变,进行提取与净化方面的优化,对3种杀虫剂残留进行检测。结果 3种杀虫剂在0.05～1.00μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数在0.9994～0.9999之间,检出限为0.005～0.010 mg/kg,加标回收率在89.0%～98.4%之间,相对标准偏差为2.14%～7.88%。结论建立的方法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于茶叶中溴虫腈、啶虫脒和茚虫威3种杀虫剂残留测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联飞行时间质谱法测定茶叶中6种农药的残留量

建立了茶叶中噻嗪酮、毒死蜱、啶虫脒、吡虫啉、乐果、多菌灵等6种农药残留量的高效液相色谱-串联飞行时间质谱检测方法。茶叶样品经酸化乙腈提取,基质分散固相萃取净化。经高效液相色谱分离后进入飞行时间质谱检测。6种农药浓度在1～50μg/kg下线性关系良好,相关系数R2在0.995～0.999之间,检测限在0.01～1μg/kg之间,回收率在80%～102%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在4%～6%之间。该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高,能够满足茶叶中多种农药残留的定性、定量检测需求。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.