烧伤患者感染病原菌及耐药性分析

目的 :了解烧伤患者感染病原菌和细菌耐药性变迁。方法 :分别对 1991年 7月～ 1996年 6月和1996年 7月～ 2 0 0 1年 6月两个时期烧伤病人的血及创面培养的细菌检出情况及药物敏感性进行调查。结果 :革兰阴性菌是主要的烧伤感染菌 ,铜绿假单胞菌居第一位 ,但近五年所占百分比有所下降 ;革兰阳性菌中金黄色葡萄球菌居第一位 ,后五年较前五年有所上升 ,其中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌检出率有较大程度上升 ;阴沟肠杆菌 (10 .4%)、大肠埃希菌 (8.3%)、肺炎克雷伯菌 (7.3%)、真菌 (4.2 %)检出率有一定程度的上升 ;金黄色葡萄球菌 ,铜绿假单胞菌等的耐药菌株有明显上升趋势。结论 :烧伤感染病原菌和细菌耐药性变迁与头孢他啶、亚胺培南等广谱抗生素广泛应用可能有一定关系 ;不间断地监测烧伤感染菌种及耐药性变化 ,可为本病区防治感染提供有意义的参考资料。     

台州医院1996～2003年烧伤住院患者创面细菌学分析

目的了解我院烧伤科住院患者烧伤创面细菌学变迁情况,为烧伤感染防治提供依据.方法 收集1996～2003年我院烧伤科烧伤创面培养细菌1079株,应用法国Biomerieux公司VITEK60全自动细菌鉴定及药敏系统进行细菌鉴定及药敏试验.以2000年新老病房搬迁为界,1996年1月～1999年12月收集标本为Ⅰ组,2000年1月～2003年12月为Ⅱ组进行分析比较.结果革兰阴性杆菌是主要的烧伤创面培养菌,其中不动杆菌占首位.革兰阳性球菌中金黄色葡萄球菌居第1位.Ⅱ组不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、总革兰阴性杆菌检出率显著下降,金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、洋葱伯克霍尔德菌及总革兰阳性球菌检出率则显著增高,真菌占检出菌种第4位.Ⅱ组检出的细菌菌株对所试抗菌药物的敏感性较Ⅰ组普遍降低.结论检出菌株因抗菌药物应用、早期手术、病房条件的改善而发生变化;临床应重视细菌学调查工作,并采取综合措施延缓细菌耐药的发展.     

烧伤患者感染病原菌及耐药性分析

目的：了解烧伤患者感染病原菌和细菌耐药性变迁。方法：分别时：1991年7月～1996年6月和1996年7月～2001年6月两个时期烧伤病人的血及创面培养的细菌检出情况及药物敏感性进行调查。结果：革兰阴性菌是主要的烧伤感染菌，铜绿假单胞菌居第一位，但近五年所占百分比有所下降；革兰阳性菌中金黄色葡萄球菌居第一位，后五年较前五年有所上升，其中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌检出率有较大程度上升；阴沟肠杆菌(10．4％)、大肠埃希菌(8．3％)、肺炎克雷伯菌(7．3％)、真菌(4．2％)检出率有一定程度的上升；金黄色葡萄球菌，铜绿假单胞菌等的耐药菌株有明显上升趋势。结论：烧伤感染病原菌和细菌耐药性变迁与头孢他啶、亚胺培南等广谱抗生素广泛应用可能有一定关系；不间断地监测烧伤感染菌种及耐药性变化，可为本病区防治感染提供有意义的参考资料。     

烧伤感染患者的菌群分布及耐药性分析

目的分析烧伤感染患者的病原菌分布及其耐药性,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法对2009年8月～2011年11月从烧伤病房患者感染的各类标本中分离出的病原菌,采用纸片扩散法（K-B法）进行药物敏感试验,对病原菌耐药性进行分析。结果从烧伤病房住院患者的130例标本中共分离出95株细菌。分离率排在前4位的细菌分别是金黄色葡萄球菌（31.58%）、铜绿假单胞菌（25.26%）、鲍曼不动杆菌（12.63%）和大肠埃希菌（9.47%）。耐药性试验提示,所分离到的病原菌绝大多数呈现多重耐药特别是对临床上最常使用的第三代头孢菌素有较高的耐药率。结论烧伤病房患者感染的病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,加强病原菌分布及耐药率监测,指导临床合理使用抗生素,有效预防和控制感染。     

危重病监护病房内洋葱伯克霍尔德菌感染的临床和耐药性分析

目的:研究危重病监护病房内洋葱伯克霍尔德菌感染的临床特征和细菌的耐药性.方法:对我院危重病监护病房2001年1月至2003年12月出现的36例洋葱伯克霍尔德菌感染患者的资料作回顾性分析.结果:36例患者均有严重的基础疾病,感染部位以肺部最常见;和感染相关的因素有人工气道、机械通气、深静脉置管、应用广谱抗生素;洋葱伯克霍尔德菌仅对头孢他啶、哌拉西林、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和头孢吡肟较敏感,敏感率在70%～90%之间,危重病监护病房内细菌的耐药率高于全院.结论:洋葱伯克霍尔德菌是多重耐药菌,危重病人感染后,治疗相当棘手.     

危重病监护病房内洋葱伯克霍尔德菌感染的临床和耐药性分析

目的：研究危重病监护病房内洋葱伯克霍尔德菌感染的临床特征和细菌的耐药性．方法：对我院危重病监护病房2001年1月至2003年12月出现的36例洋葱伯克霍尔德菌感染惠的资料作回顾性分析。结果：36例患均有严重的基础疾病，感染部位以肺部最常见；和感染相关的因素有人工气道、机械通气、深静脉置管、应用广谱抗生素；洋葱伯克霍尔德菌仅对头孢他啶、哌拉西林、哌拉西林／他唑巴坦和头孢吡肟较敏感，敏感率在70％～90％之间，危重病监护病房内细菌的耐药率高于全院结论：洋葱伯克霍尔德菌是多重耐药菌，危重病人感染后，治疗相当棘手。     

烧伤病房阴沟肠杆菌耐药性研究

目的 探讨烧伤病房阴沟肠杆菌的耐药性.方法 对我院2001年1月至2004年12月烧伤病房产阴沟肠杆菌的耐药性进行分析.结果 57株阴沟肠杆菌对临床常用抗生素耐药性均不同程度增加,只对亚胺培南敏感.结论 阴沟肠杆菌同样为烧伤病房常见的院内感染细菌之一,其耐药性不容乐观.临床应根据药敏试验选用抗菌药物,控制院内感染.     

烧伤病房阴沟肠杆菌耐药性研究

目的探讨烧伤病房阴沟肠杆菌的耐药性。方法对我院2001年1月至2004年12月烧伤病房产阴沟肠杆菌的耐药性进行分析。结果57株阴沟肠杆菌对临床常用抗生素耐药性均不同程度增加，只对亚胺培南敏感。结论阴沟肠杆菌同样为烧伤病房常见的院内感染细菌之一，其耐药性不容乐观。临床应根据药敏试验选用抗菌药物，控制院内感染。     

烧伤患者创口常见病原菌及药敏情况

目的 研究烧伤后创面常见的感染细菌及细菌的药物敏感性.方法 收集该院2004年1月～2007年12月4年间120例烧伤病人感染创面分泌物、血液和痰等进行细菌培养及药物敏感试验.结果 120例烧伤感染创面共分离出细菌、真菌32种.检出率较高的依次为铜绿假单胞菌(占检出菌总数的23.88%),鲍曼氏不动杆菌(占检出菌总数的12.69%)和金黄色葡萄球菌(占检出菌总数的10.45%).结论 烧伤感染创面感染的细菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主,常见细菌对阿米卡星、环丙沙星、亚胺培南和万古霉素等的敏感率较高.     

烧伤患者创面L型细菌检测及药物敏感性

目的：探讨L型菌的烧伤检出率、临床特征及细菌耐药性。方法：对152例烧伤感染患者进行L型菌培养，并采用K-B法进行药敏试验。结果：检出L型菌烧伤感染13例，占8．6％。烧伤感染最常见的菌种为金黄色葡萄球菌(40．13％)，其次为铜绿假单胞菌(19．74％)。结论：L型菌宜选用β-内酰胺类联合氨基糖甙类或喹诺酮类药物治疗。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.