锥状肌膀胱颈悬吊术治疗儿童尿失禁

目的 探讨评价运用锥状肌膀胱颈悬吊术治疗儿童膀胱出口阻力低下型尿失禁的临床疗效。 方法 分析2004~2018年因膀胱出口阻力低下型尿失禁行锥状肌膀胱颈悬吊术的29例患儿临床资料,于术前、术后分别行尿流动力学、排尿性膀胱尿道造影(VCUG)、国际尿失禁咨询委员会尿失禁问卷表(ICI-Q-SF)评分等,采用配对样本t检验及Wilcoxon符号秩和检验评价手术前后各指标的差异。 结果 术后复查:(1)VCUG,膀胱颈均被抬高,并已纠正漏斗状开放状态;(2)功能性尿道长度增加1.04 cm(P<0.001)、最大尿道闭合压升高11.69 cmH₂O(P=0.001),最大尿道压术前、术后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)根据ICI-Q-SF评分,尿失禁症状明显改善(P<0.05),其中11例(37.93%)患儿通过配合清洁间歇导尿(CIC)、口服抗胆碱能药物等能达到完全控尿,余患儿均存在CIC不规范问题;(4)出现并发症患者共7例(24.14%),其中2例(6.90%)为本术式直接并发症。 结论 在配合术后CIC、口服药物等综合治疗的前提下,锥状肌膀胱颈悬吊术是治疗膀胱出口阻力低下型尿失禁的良好术式。     

横行带蒂包皮瓣尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂

目的探讨横行带蒂包皮瓣尿道成形术（Duckett）治疗尿道下裂的效果。方法采用Duckett术一期成形修复尿道下裂35例，Ⅰ度（阴茎头、冠状沟型）4例，Ⅱ度（阴茎体型）26例，Ⅲ度（阴茎阴囊型）3例，Ⅳ度（会阴型）2例。其中2例Ⅳ度病例行Duckett加Dupaly术。结果一次性治愈27例，术后出现尿瘘6例，尿道狭窄2例，均经再次手术治愈。随访29例，时间1／2—3年排尿正常。结论Duckett术式成形的尿道顺应性好，管腔宽，血供较好。本术式是修复Ⅰ～Ⅳ度尿道下裂的较为理想术式。     

小体积前列腺增生经尿道电切术后膀胱颈挛缩的防治

目的：探讨小体积前列腺增生经尿道电切术后膀胱颈挛缩的防治效果。方法回顾分析2005年1月至2013年1月小体积前列腺增生经尿道电切术后膀胱颈挛缩7例,给予经尿道膀胱颈切开术加膀胱颈电切术。结果7例拔除尿管后均排尿通畅,其中排尿满意6例,拔除尿管后1周感尿流变细1例,行尿道扩张半年,7例随访至2 年,均感排尿满意。结论彻底切除纤维组织是预防膀胱颈挛缩的重要因素,经尿道膀胱颈切开术加膀胱颈电切术治疗小体积前列腺增生经尿道电切术后膀胱颈挛缩效果满意。     

膀胱颈部电切术治疗膀胱颈梗阻

目的：探讨经尿道电切术治疗膀胱颈梗阻的方法和治疗效果。方法:根据14例膀胱颈部挛缩的情况,分别采用膀胱颈口切沟术,膀胱颈口号下半环切除加12点切沟术。结果：12例排尿通畅,肾脏、输尿管、膀胱的功能形成恢复正常;2例合并糖尿病者排尿困难症状改善,残余悄量明显减少。未出现尿失禁症状。结论：经尿道膀胱颈口电切术治疗膀胱梗阻是安全有效的治疗方法,根据颈部狭窄程度的不同,选择不同的电切方法,可以提高手术治疗效果。     

根治性全膀胱切除术后尿道复发肿瘤

膀胱肿瘤患者的尿道有顺流发病倾向 ,而且在诊断和治疗肿瘤过程中难免发生轻微尿道损伤 ,有尿道肿瘤种植的潜在危险。 1988年 5月 - 2 0 0 0年10月我科共行根治性全膀胱切除术 82例 ,其中 8例患者术后尿道复发肿瘤 ,报告如下。1　材料与方法1.1　一般资料　本组 8例 ,均为男性。年龄 4 8～81岁 ,平均 71.6岁。全部患者因膀胱肿瘤而行根治性全膀胱切除术。原发肿瘤呈多发性 1例 ,巨大肿瘤 1例 ,局限于一侧壁 2例 ,三角区或膀胱颈部 4例。术后病理均为膀胱移行细胞癌。其中Ⅰ～Ⅱ级1例 ,Ⅱ级 2例 ,Ⅱ～Ⅲ级 2例 ,Ⅲ级 3例 ;2例浸润浅肌层 ;4例…     

双皮瓣对合成形尿道治疗尿道下裂

目的 总结双皮瓣对合成形尿道治疗尿道下裂的经验。方法 对36倒尿道下裂患者Ⅱ期行双皮瓣对合成形尿道的尿道成形术,其中阴茎体型10例,阴茎阴囊交界型24例,阴囊型2例。术后尿道支架管留置5～7天。结果 36例皮瓣均成活,随访6～12个月,阴茎外观正常,排尿通畅,尿道外口狭窄1例;尿瘘3例,均已修补成功。结论 双皮瓣对合成形尿道行尿道下裂Ⅱ期成形术,皮瓣血供丰富,手术简单,成功率高。     

女性膀胱颈梗阻57例治疗体会

目的：探讨女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊断和治疗方法。方法：对57例女性膀胱颈梗阻行尿流动力学检查和膀胱镜检查,对其中52例行经尿道膀胱颈电切术（TURBn）,5例行非手术治疗。结果：52例行TURBn治疗者术后无明显剩余尿,50例临床症状消失;7例非手术治疗者经定期尿道扩张及药物治疗,效果满意。结论：女性膀胱颈梗阻的尿流动力学检查是客观评价排尿状况的有效指标;TURBn是治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的首选方法,具有手术痛苦小和住院时间短等优点。     

女性压力性尿失禁的手术治疗

目的:探讨手术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的效果。方法:女性压力性尿失禁患者14例,包括Ⅰ型压力性尿失禁患者4例,Ⅱ型压力性尿失禁患者6例,Ⅲ型压力性尿失禁患者4例。尿失禁病程10~22个月,经保守治疗无效。采用经耻骨后膀胱颈悬吊术4例,膀胱和膀胱颈四角悬吊术6例,阴道壁吊带术4例。结果:14例手术均成功,术后随访18个月,3组成功率(治愈加改善)分别为100%、83%和75%,总成功率为90%。结论:经耻骨后膀胱颈悬吊术、膀胱和膀胱四角悬吊、阴道壁吊带术均为女性压力性尿失禁的有效手术治疗方法。     

阴茎背侧翼状肉膜瓣双重覆盖联合尿道海绵体缝合技术在TIP术修复尿道下裂中的应用

目的评估阴茎背侧翼状肉膜瓣双重覆盖联合尿道海绵体缝合技术在尿道板纵切卷管法尿道成形(TIP)术修复尿道下裂中减少尿瘘发生的临床价值。方法回顾性分析TIP术修复的尿道下裂病例126例。其中冠状沟型57例、阴茎体型43例、阴茎阴囊型26例。分成3组,Ⅰ组(18例),新建尿道无肉膜瓣覆盖;Ⅱ组(32例)阴茎背侧翼状肉膜瓣双重覆新建尿道;Ⅲ组(76例)阴茎背侧翼状肉膜瓣联合尿道海绵体双重覆新建尿道。结果术后Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别出现尿瘘3例(16.7%)、4例(12.5%)、2例(2.63%);Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别出现阴茎扭转3例(9.37%)、5例(6.58%),Ⅲ组出现伤口裂开2例(2.63%);Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别出现尿道口狭窄1例(5.56%)、2例(6.25%)、5例(6.58%)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组尿瘘发生率比较差异无统计学意义,但Ⅲ组和Ⅰ、Ⅱ组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 TIP术修复尿道下裂,采用阴茎背侧翼状肉膜瓣双重覆盖联合尿道海绵体缝合技术是一种减少尿瘘发生的可靠方法,操作简便,易于实施。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.