草苁蓉提取物对小鼠H22肝癌移植瘤血管生成的抑制作用

探讨富含环烯醚萜苷的草苁蓉提取物(IGBR)对H_(22)小鼠移植瘤血管生成的抑制作用。建立H_(22)肝癌皮下移植瘤模型,并用IGBR干预10 d。利用HE染色法观察肿瘤组织病理学改变,利用免疫组化法检测肿瘤组织内微血管密度(MVD),利用蛋白印迹法检测肿瘤组织缺氧诱导因子(HIF)-1α、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和血管内皮细胞生长因子受体(VEGFR)-2蛋白的表达。与模型组比较,IGBR组肿瘤细胞生长受抑,细胞数目较少,坏死程度较严重。与模型组比较,IGBR组肿瘤组织MVD显著降低;HIF-1α、VEGF和VEGFR-2蛋白的表达显著降低。提示IGBR对H_(22)小鼠移植瘤新生血管生成具有抑制作用,可能与下调肿瘤组织HIF-1α和VEGF的蛋白表达有关。     

灵芝孢子油番茄红素复合物的抗肿瘤作用

该研究旨在考察灵芝孢子油番茄红素复合物（LZFQ）体内外抗肿瘤活性,探讨其对肿瘤细胞的作用机制。用MTT法对人非小细胞肺癌细胞（A549）、人胃癌细胞（BGC823）、人乳腺癌细胞（MCF-7）和人结肠癌细胞（HCT116）细胞活力进行检测,建立裸鼠移植瘤模型研究LZFQ的体内抑瘤作用,通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡变化及凋亡相关蛋白的表达,对其抗肿瘤机制进行初步探讨。体外细胞活力实验表明LZFQ对4种肿瘤细胞的生长均具有一定抑制作用,对A549细胞的抑制最明显（IC50=0.49 mg/mL）。流式细胞术实验表明,LZFQ可以浓度依赖性的诱导细胞凋亡。Western blot实验表明,LZFQ浓度依赖性地降低抑凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的水平、并提高促凋亡蛋白Bax及Caspase-3的水平。裸鼠移植瘤实验中,LZFQ给药剂量为2.00 g/kg（高剂量组）、1.00 g/kg（中剂量组）和0.50 g/kg（低剂量组）时,对裸鼠移植瘤的抑制率分别为60.58%、51.92%和43.27%,其中高、中、低剂量组与模型组比较均有显著差异（p<0.01）。机制研究表明,LZFQ可以浓度依赖性诱导细胞凋亡,并通过影响凋亡相关蛋白的表达诱导细胞凋亡。该研究结果表明LZFQ具有一定的抗肿瘤作用,可为灵芝孢子油类产品的研发提供实验依据。     

鸡血清抗肿瘤活性的初步观察

初步观察鸡血清体内体外的抗肿瘤活性.体外试验细胞计数法表明,鸡血清培养组肿瘤细胞的增殖受到明显抑制,细胞形态学显示大部分肿瘤细胞被杀伤并有细胞碎片生成.在以HepA(肝癌实体型)小鼠体内肿瘤生长抑制试验研究中,通过观察瘤重、肝脏、脾脏及胸腺指数了解鸡血清对荷瘤小鼠生长的影响,结果显示,灌胃给药显示出比较明确的治疗效果,胸腺及脾脏指数较对照组均有不同程度提高.结果说明鸡血清具有一定的抗肿瘤活性.     

桦褐孔菌多糖IOP3a体内抗肿瘤活性及其机制

通过建立裸鼠淋巴瘤细胞Jurkat模型,对桦褐孔菌多糖IOP3a的体内抗肿瘤活性及其机制进行了研究。实验结果表明,IOP3a高、中剂量组瘤重与阴性对照组相比均有显著性差异(p<0.05),肿瘤抑制率分别为69.28%和57.62%,具有明显的剂量-效应关系。随着剂量的增加,脾脏指数有逐步增加的趋势,具有升高裸鼠WBC和淋巴细胞的功能,同时对巨噬细胞产生的细胞因子TNF-α和L-1β均有明显的促进作用。组织病理学观察表明,IOP3a可使肿瘤组织中呈现明显的肿瘤坏死灶,瘤组织出现坏死的现象。免疫组化表明,IOP3a通过促进肿瘤组织细胞中Bax蛋白表达、抑制Bcl-2表达起到抗肿瘤作用。     

桦褐孔菌多糖的抗肿瘤活性研究

研究桦褐孔菌多糖对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制和对荷瘤裸鼠的体内抑瘤作用。采用MTT法检测桦褐孔菌多糖对Jurkat和Daudi细胞增殖的影响,建立Jurkat荷瘤裸鼠模型,研究给药后对荷瘤裸鼠的抗肿瘤作用。表明桦褐孔菌多糖在体外具有直接杀死Jurkat和Daudi肿瘤细胞的作用,最高抑制率分别为62.29%和66.42%,具有良好的剂量-效应关系,同时具有显著的体内抗肿瘤活性,大小剂量对Jurkat荷瘤的抑制率分别为43.52%和57.48%,并且能显著提高裸鼠的脾脏指数,表明桦褐孔菌多糖具有显著的抗肿瘤活性和增强免疫功能。     

巴戟天对人源结肠癌细胞HCT-116移植瘤的抑制作用及机制初步探讨

目的:检测巴戟天对人源结肠癌细胞HCT-116移植瘤的抑制作用及初步探讨其作用机制。方法:于雄性裸鼠腋下注射人源结肠癌HCT-116细胞,建立移植瘤模型,随后采用巴戟天乙醇提取物（Ethanol extract of Morinda officinalis, EEMO）（12 mg/kg/d）和巴戟天生药（Crude drug of Morinda officinalis, CDMO）（200 mg/kg/d）为实验组进行灌胃给药,以5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fluorouracil, 5-FU）为阳性药（30 mg/kg,每3 d给药一次,腹腔注射）,以水（一次/d）为对照组,共四组（EEMO组、CDMO组、5-FU组和对照组）,持续给药23 d。通过检测各干预组动物的肿瘤重量、肿瘤体积、肿瘤组织病理变化判断巴戟天的抑癌作用;通过检测肿瘤组织血管生成因子（VEGF）、缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）和环氧化酶-2（COX-2）的表达水平以及巨噬细胞的极化趋势初步探讨其抑癌途径。结果:EEMO和CDMO能不同程度抑制小鼠移植瘤体积的增长（P<0.05）、降低移植瘤的重量（P<0.01）和降低血清前列腺素E2（PGE2）的水平（P<0.05）。蛋白免疫印迹和免疫组化的检测结果显示EEMO和CDMO可显著下调肿瘤组织VEGF、HIF-1α和COX-2的表达水平（P<0.01和P<0.05）。免疫荧光检测结果显示,EEMO和CDMO极显著增加iNOS的表达水平（P<0.01）,并且极显著提高iNOS/CD206的比例（P<0.01）。结论:EEMO和CDMO对小鼠体内的移植瘤发生有抑制作用,可能与其下调VEGF、HIF-1α和COX-2/PGE2信号通路的表达、增强巨噬细胞向M1型极化有关。     

普洱茶水提物抗肿瘤的实验研究

应用甲基噻唑基四唑(MTT)比色法检测普洱茶水提物对6种不同肿瘤细胞株生长抑制作用以及流式细胞仪分析普洱茶水提物对Hela细胞凋亡的影响;采用裸鼠移植瘤模型,观察普洱茶水提物对宫颈癌的治疗作用。体外细胞毒活性检测显示,普洱茶水提物对人肝癌BEL-7402、胃癌MGC-823、乳腺癌MCF-7、子宫颈癌He La及结肠癌HT-29均有抗肿瘤作用,其中普洱茶水提物200μg/m L浓度下肿瘤细胞生长抑制率可达79%以上。普洱茶水提物能诱导Hela细胞发生凋亡,当浓度为100μg/m L,细胞凋亡率为(50.92±5.38)%。荷瘤鼠实验结果显示:连续给药28 d,普洱茶水提物1.0 g/kg剂量组、0.5 g/kg剂量组对人宫颈癌Hela移植瘤抑制率分别为40.3%、22.4%。普洱茶水提物在体外和体内均具有一定的抗肿瘤作用。     

辣木籽异硫氰酸酯抑制皮肤鳞状癌A431细胞的生长

研究辣木籽异硫氰酸酯(MITC)对皮肤鳞状细胞癌A431细胞生长的影响。通过MTT法、克隆形成实验及流式细胞术检测经不同浓度MITC处理后的A431细胞增殖、凋亡和细胞周期的变化情况;采用异种移植瘤模型检测MITC对A431细胞体内生长的影响。研究结果表明,随着MITC浓度和处理时间增加,A431细胞活力逐渐降低,在12μM的MITC刺激72 h后,细胞存活率降低为10%(p0.001);克隆形成实验表明,MITC(5和10μM)显著抑制A431细胞克隆形成,24 h的细胞克隆形成率分别从100%降低到63.22%(p0.001)和26.07%(p0.001);细胞凋亡和周期检测结果表明,当MITC处理细胞48 h后,细胞凋亡率分别从17.22%增加到31.73%(p0.001)和44.77%(p0.001),S期细胞从7.43%显著增加到14.44%(p0.001)和17.43%(p0.001)。体内实验结果表明,用MITC干预异种移植瘤小鼠20天后,小鼠肿瘤体积从1549.02 mm3降低到857.77 mm3(p0.05);肿瘤重量从1.30 g降低到0.91 g(p0.05)。以上结果表明,MITC在体外和体内均能够抑制A431细胞的生长。     

软骨多糖对小鼠Ca761乳腺癌血管生成的影响

目的是研究软骨多糖对小鼠Ca761乳腺癌肺转移的抑制作用及其对血管生成的影响.方法是建立615近交系小鼠乳腺癌肺转移模型,设模型组和治疗组.检测软骨多糖肺转移抑制率、肺部石蜡切片HE染色观察肿瘤侵袭情况、免疫组化CD34观察瘤组织微血管密度(MVD)以及VEGF蛋白表达.结果表明,软骨多糖肺转移抑制率达44.4%;通过肺部HE染色发现治疗组转移情况明显低于模型组;免疫组化检测结果显示治疗组CD34蛋白标记的MVD、VEGF蛋白表达水平均低于模型组.可见软骨多糖能明显抑制小鼠Ca761乳腺癌的血管生成,从而抑制肿瘤转移,与软骨多糖能够下调瘤组织VEGF蛋白表达有关.     

一种Palbocilib衍生物抗肝癌活性研究

目的 研究Palbocilib衍生物PB的抗肝癌活性。方法 取对数生长期的细胞分为阴性对照组、Palbocilib组和Palbocilib衍生物(PB)处理组,药物作用细胞72 h后用SRB法测定对MCF-7细胞和HepG2细胞增殖抑制作用;建立人HepG2裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,连续灌胃给药21 d,每3天测瘤体积和称重一次,试验结束解剖称取肿瘤和主要脏器重量,计算相对肿瘤增殖率T/C%、抑瘤率和脏器系数。结果 PB对HepG2和MCF-7细胞增殖抑制作用的IC₅₀分别是32.26μmol/L和139.50μmol/L;Palbocilib对HepG2和MCF-7细胞增殖抑制作用的IC₅₀分别是129.69μmol/L和17.69μmol/L,PB对HepG2的抑制作用好于Palbocilib。PB对HepG2裸鼠移植瘤的相对肿瘤增殖率(T/C%)为58.06%;抑瘤率为40.76%;体重未出现明显降低,脏器重量、脏体系数和脏脑系数除了心脏显著低于模型对照组外,肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、脑、卵巢和子宫的重量和脏器系数与模型组无统计学差异。结论 PB能抑...     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.