冷缺血损伤后大鼠移植肝内细胞因子的变化

【目的】研究不同冷缺血损伤条件下,肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)等细胞因子在大鼠移植肝内的变化规律与肝脏再生的关系。【方法】建立大鼠原位肝移植模型。实验分为:冷缺血1h组、冷缺血16h组、假手术对照组。观察各组的生存率,并在术后0、1、2、4、16、24、48、72h收集标本,检测TNF-α、IL-6等细胞因子的表达。免疫组化检测肝细胞摄取溴脱氧尿核苷情况。对冷缺血1h组和冷缺血16h组在移植后48h溴脱氧尿核苷染色阳性的肝细胞计数进行分析。【结果】冷缺血损伤1h、16h肝移植组和假手术组存活率均为100%(>14d)。与冷缺血1h相比,冷缺血16h组大鼠移植肝内TNF-α、IL-6等细胞因子表达明显增加,持续的时间也延长到移植后24h以上。移植术后48h溴脱氧尿核苷染色阳性的肝细胞计数也明显增多(P<0.05)。【结论】重度冷缺血损伤启动大鼠肝移植后的肝脏再生,修复组织损伤。与大鼠肝切除后诱导肝再生的机制相似,TNF-α、IL-6等细胞因子在移植后肝脏再生的早期启动过程中也非常重要。     

高渗盐水预处理对肝脏缺血再灌注大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α和IL-10水平的影响

目的 探讨高渗盐水预处理对肝脏缺血再灌注大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和IL-10水平的影响.方法 将45只清洁健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组(Sham组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)和高渗盐水预处理组(HTS组),各15只.各组建立大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注模型(Pringle's法),观察肝脏缺血30 min再灌注1、6、24 h后血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、TNF-α和IL-10水平,以及再灌注6 h后肝组织病理学和超微结构改变.结果 IR组和HTS组各时点血清AST、ALT、LDH、TNF-α、IL-10水平与Sham组比较,差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);且HTS组各时点血清AST、ALT、LDH、TNF-α、IL-10水平与IR组比较.差别有统计学意义(P<0.01).HTS组肝组织病理学和肝细胞超微结构损害明显轻于IR组.结论 高渗盐水预处理通过抑制TNF-α的产生、增强IL-10的表达水平来对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤产生保护作用.     

川芎嗪预处理在预防大鼠移植肝缺血再灌注损伤中的作用探讨

目的:探讨川芎嗪预处理对大鼠移植肝缺血再灌注损伤的作用及可能的机制.方法:将125只雄性SD大鼠随机分成3组:假手术组、对照组(生理盐水作为肝脏灌注液)、实验组(川芎嗪预处理,生理盐水作为肝脏灌注液).假手术组仅结扎肝动脉,对照组和实验组行大鼠原位肝移植,分别于术后1、6、24、72h剖杀各组大鼠各5只,检测各组大鼠血浆丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的含量以及血清内毒素水平;检测肝脏组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)的含量,观察大鼠肝脏组织病理学和Kuffer' s细胞超微结构改变.结果:实验组大鼠的ALT、AST、TNF-α、IL-1β的表达明显低于对照组,但高于假手术组(P<0.05);实验组炎症反应及Kuffer's细胞活跃程度明显轻于对照组.结论:川芎嗪预处理能抑制kuffer's细胞吞噬活性,减轻大鼠移植肝缺血再灌注损伤.     

银杏叶提取物预处理对大鼠移植肝的保护作用

目的探讨在大鼠移植肝缺血再灌注损伤中TNF-α,IL-1的表达及银杏叶提取物的保护作用.方法采用Kamadas袖套法建立大鼠原位肝移植模型.将大鼠随机分成假手术组(SO组)、生理盐水对照组(NS组)、银杏叶提取物预处理组(EGb组).观察移植肝再灌注后2 h、6 h和24 h肝组织中TNF-α、IL-1含量及血清ALT、AST活性和肝组织学变化及银杏叶提取物对上述指标的影响.结果移植肝缺血再灌注损伤时血清ALT、AST含量,肝组织TNF-α、IL-1活性明显升高(P＜0.01),肝细胞形态学发生异常变化.银杏叶提取物预处理组,上述指标的异常变化均明显减轻,其差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论TNF-α、IL-1是肝缺血再灌注损伤(Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuq,HIRI)的重要发病因素,银杏叶提取物可通过降低TNF-α、IL-1,减轻HIRI.对供肝有保护作用.     

抗肿瘤坏死因子-α单克隆抗体减轻大鼠移植肝缺血再灌注损伤的实验研究

目的研究抗肿瘤坏死因子-α单克隆抗体(Anti-TNF-αmAb)对大鼠移植肝缺血再灌注损伤的作用及机制。方法SD大鼠80只,体重(250±20)g,随机分为受体组与供体组。两两随机配对后再随机分为实验组和对照组,建立原位肝移植模型。实验组供肝经门静脉冷灌注20ml4℃的生理盐水+抗TNF-α单克隆抗体(0.1mg/kg);对照组供肝经门静脉冷灌注20ml4℃的生理盐水。采用全自动生化分析仪,酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)法,HE染色,TUNEL法分别测定血肝功能酶(ALT,AST),血浆TNF-α,肝组织病理改变及肝细胞凋亡情况。结果实验组应用抗TNF-α单克隆抗体后血ALT,TNF-α水平显著低于对照组(P<0.01),血AST水平低于对照组(P<0.05),肝组织形态学无明显改变,细胞凋亡显著减少。结论抗TNF-α单克隆抗体能有效减轻大鼠移植肝脏缺血再灌注损伤,缓解肝功能下降。     

冷缺血损伤后大鼠移植肝内细胞因子的变化

【目的】研究不同冷缺血损伤条件下，肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）和白介素-6（IL-6）等细胞因子在大鼠移植肝内的变化规律与肝脏再生的关系。【方法】建立大鼠原位肝移植模型。实验分为：冷缺血1h组、冷缺血16h组、假手术对照组。观察各组的生存率，并在术后0、1、2、4、16、24、48、72h收集标本。检测TNF-α、IL-6等细胞因子的表达。免疫组化检测肝细胞摄取溴脱氧尿核苷情况。对冷缺血1h组和冷缺血16h组在移植后48h溴脱氧尿核苷染色阳性的肝细胞计数进行分析。【结果】冷缺血损伤1h、16h肝移植组和假手术组存活率均为100％（〉14d）。与冷缺血1h相比，冷缺血16h组大鼠移植肝内TNF-α、IL-6等细胞因子表达明显增加，持续的时间也延长到移植后24h以上。移植术后48h溴脱氧尿核苷染色阳性的肝细胞计数也明显增多（P〈0．05）。【结论】重度冷缺血损伤启动大鼠肝移植后的肝脏再生，修复组织损伤。与大鼠肝切除后诱导肝再生的机制相似，TNF-α、IL-6等细胞因子在移植后肝脏再生的早期启动过程中也非常重要。     

乌司他丁对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤治疗作用的研究

目的:探讨乌司他丁(UTI)对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的治疗作用及机制。方法:将24只成年SD大鼠随机分成假手术组(SO组)、肝缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和UTI组。UTI组在制模前30min,经尾静脉注射UTI 2万U/kg。再灌注1h后剖杀大鼠,测定血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量,测定肝脏匀浆中一氧化氮(NO)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量及肝脏组织病理学改变情况。结果:I/R组血清中ALT、AST和TNF-α的水平较SO组明显升高(P<0.01)。UTI预处理可以降低缺血再灌注大鼠血清中ALT、AST和TNF-α的水平(P<0.05)。肝脏缺血再灌注损伤早期肝脏中NO和MDA的含量升高(P<0.01),UTI预处理可以降低肝脏组织中NO和MDA的含量(P<0.05)。同时,UTI组较I/R组肝脏病理学的损伤程度减轻。结论:UTI可通过降低TNF-α水平、改善微循环和减少氧自由基释放等方面对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤起保护作用。     

银杏叶提取物在大鼠肝移植缺血再灌注损伤中的预处理效用

目的:探讨银杏叶提取物对大鼠移植肝缺血再灌注损伤模型的预处理效用.方法:采用Kamada's袖套法建立大鼠缺血再灌注原位肝移植模型.将大鼠随机分成假手术组(SO组)、生理盐水对照组(NS组)、银杏叶提取物预处理组(EGb组).各组分别观察移植肝再灌注后2 h、6 h和24 h肝组织中TNF-α、IL-1含量及血清ALT和AST含量和肝组织学变化.结果:SO组与NS组血清ALT和AST含量,肝组织TNF-α和IL-1活性明显升高(P＜0.01),肝细胞形态学发生异常变化.EGb预处理组,上述指标的异常变化均明显减轻,与NS组比较差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).结论:银杏叶提取物可通过抑制Kuffer氏细胞激活减少释放TNF-α和IL-1始动因子并调控缺血再灌注因子水平达到保护供肝作用.     

瑞芬太尼预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响及机制

目的研究瑞芬太尼预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其可能的作用机制。方法健康SD大鼠96只,随机分为Sham组(S组)和缺血组,缺血组包括缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、瑞芬太尼预处理组(RPC组)、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)阻滞剂SB203580(SB)+RPC组。各组分别于再灌注末抽取静脉血、处死大鼠,收集肝组织。观察血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)水平;ELISA法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及IL-1β水平;TUNEL法测定肝细胞凋亡情况;HE染色观察肝组织病理学改变;Western blotting法测定肝组织p38MAPK及其磷酸化组分pp38MAPK的表达水平。结果与S组相比,I/R组血清ALT、AST、TNF-α及IL-1β水平均明显升高,出现明显肝组织损伤,肝细胞凋亡增加;与I/R组相比,RPC组血清ALT、AST、TNF-α及IL-1β水平均明显下降,组织病理学损伤明显减轻,肝细胞凋亡减少,肝组织pp38MAPK表达明显升高;应用p38MAPK阻断剂SB203580,肝损伤加重。结论瑞芬太尼预处理通过激活p38MAPK通路,使p38MAPK磷酸化,减轻炎症因子的产生,对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤起保护作用。这种保护作用可以被SB 203580阻断。     

短时间多次缺血预处理对大鼠移植肝缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨短时间多次缺血预处理(ischemic preconditioning,IP)对大鼠移植肝脏缺血再灌注损伤(ischemia-reperfusion injury,IRI)的保护作用。方法:采用SD大鼠原位肝移植动物模型,供肝冷保存120 min,无肝期14 min。54只SD大鼠随机分成5组：对照组(A组,n=6),不做肝脏移植手术；肝移植组(B组,n=12),供体大鼠肝脏4℃乳酸林格液保存2 h后,采用双袖套法行原位肝移植；缺血预处理肝移植组(C1、C2、C3组,每组12只)：将供肝进行缺血预处理后切除供体大鼠肝脏,4℃乳酸林格液保存2 h,行原位肝移植,根据阻断第一肝门5 min,开放再灌注5 min为1个循环,处理1～3个循环分别命名为C1、C2和C3组。术后检测各组血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,每分钟胆汁量,免疫组化检测肝细胞Bcl-2表达,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,电镜观察细胞超微结构的改变。结果:术后B组血清ALT、AST、LDH活性明显高于A组,每分钟胆汁量明显低于A组(P<0.01)；C组ALT、AST、LDH活性虽明显高于A组(P<0.01),但比B组明显降低(P<0.05);随着IP次数增加,C1、C2、C3组ALT、AST、LDH活性递减,而每分钟胆汁量逐渐增加。细胞形态学检查发现,与B组比较,C组供肝组织细胞结构改变较小,Bcl-2表达增加,凋亡指数降低(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:IP对大鼠供肝缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,短时间多次IP对肝脏的保护作用更强。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.