芝麻香型白酒生产条件对比研究

芝麻香酒以特殊的口感及香气而独树一帜,高温堆积、高温发酵是形成其特殊风格的关键工艺。通过对芝麻香型白酒的关键工艺点——堆积及发酵进行生产试验研究。结果表明,综合酒质及出酒率考虑,芝麻酒生产最适堆积温度为45-50℃,最佳入窖温度为30-33℃。     

稳定酱香型酒生产工艺是发展贵州二三类酱香型白酒企业的基础

以酱香型白酒生产的制曲、润粮、堆积发酵、入窖发酵、蒸馏、贮存等关键工艺工序为对象,对贵州二三类酱香型白酒生产企业的生产工艺进行分析,从高温大曲生产、酱香型大曲酒生产及原酒的贮存老熟等方面提出了稳定贵州二三类酱香型大曲酒生产、提高酱香型酒品质的工艺措施.     

泰山生力源芝麻香型白酒的生产

介绍了泰山生力源集团芝麻香型白酒生产的基本操作,借鉴酱香型白酒和清香型白酒的生产工艺,创建了独特的芝麻香型白酒生产工艺,其特点为:采用泥底砖窖发酵,高粱、小麦和麸皮配合投料,清蒸辅料,高温曲、中温曲、芝麻香专用曲(麸曲和强化菌种)混和使用,高温堆积、高温入池(按偏酱、偏清、偏浓3层分别出入池)、高温发酵、高温流酒(分层装甑)、长期贮存.(陶然)     

中国酱香型白酒生产中入窖发酵工序的技术质量控制与管理

入窖发酵对酱香型白酒风味质量的形成十分重要。酱香型白酒入窖发酵的窖池,是固态发酵生产酱香型白酒的重要设备,其主要用途是蓄积糟醅,进行密封发酵生香。在曲药和窖池微生物作用下,窖内母糟发酵生香的优劣,对产品产质量起着关键作用。在生产中,对入窖发酵控制管理无从下手及片面认识和没有科学的可控措施以致出酒率低及不合格品多。因此,抓好入窖发酵工序的技术质量控制与管理,落实出窖糟醅的监测与研判,采取措施调整各轮次酒醅工艺参数达到入窖条件,严格执行酒醅入窖控制措施,认真做好窖池发酵管理等工作,决定着酱香型白酒风味特征及产质量优劣。     

傅潭芝麻香酒典型风格的形成

傅潭芝麻香酒无色透明,焦香、芝麻香复合香气突出,香气幽雅,酒体丰满,绵柔醇甜,余味悠长,风格典型.其生产博采浓、清、酱香之长,酒体有清香型白酒的清净典雅、又有浓香型白酒的绵柔丰满和酱香型白酒的幽雅细腻.从发酵设备砖窖泥底的选择,原料高粱、小麦、大米、麸皮、玉米配比的合理性选择,微生物白曲、细菌、酵母应用的多样性及复杂性,清蒸续米查、高温堆积、高温发酵等生产工艺的选择几方面对傅潭芝麻香酒典型风格的形成关系进行总结分析;对傅潭芝麻香型白酒中富含的多种健康活性因子进行了论述.(孙悟)     

金典叙府酒酒体形成初探

金典叙府酒是基于传统多粮浓香型工艺中开发出来的浓中带酱的兼香型酒,其个性化特征独特,塑造了多粮浓香型白酒的个性化品牌.其主要特点是融入了酱香型酒生产的高温大曲和高温堆积发酵工艺,经过3年以上的窖藏封存、选酒、精心勾兑调味以及长期贮存,形成了既具有多粮浓香型白酒的多粮浓香突出、酒体丰满、绵甜、醇和净爽的典型性,又具有酱香型的闻香幽雅(略带芝麻香)、细腻、回味悠长的风格.     

生沙尾酒在酱香型白酒生产中的应用研究

研究了酱香型酒生产中,常规尾酒和生沙尾酒的酸度、风味成分,以及造沙生产阶段中,在晾堂操作和入窖时,将33%生沙尾酒与67%的常规尾酒混合,此混合尾酒对酱香型白酒产质量的影响。结果表明,生沙尾酒的酸度略低于常规尾酒,生沙尾酒中大多数风味物质含量比常规尾酒高。晾堂上使用22.5 kg和入窖时使用120 kg的混合尾酒有利于白酒产质量的提升。     

杨湖酱香酒工艺探索与创新——11765工艺

紧密结合山东菏泽地区的环境、气候等因素,在传统酱香型白酒生产工艺技术基础上坚持传承与创新,开发出杨湖酱香型白酒生产工艺技术,其工艺特点为:初冬下沙;整粒高粱浸泡、冲洗后蒸粮,摊晾堆积发酵后入池发酵,一次性投粮;使用两种高温大曲;六轮次发酵;五次取酒;六次酒后利用酱香糟醅生产芝麻香酒。     

扳倒井复粮芝麻香型白酒生产工艺的特点

扳倒井复粮芝麻香型白酒,其生产工艺采用多种粮食为原料,高温大曲与多种微生物麸曲联合使用,采用独特的井窖发酵,入窖前高温堆积、高温发酵、高温流酒,分层蒸馏、分段接酒,地窖贮存：这些独特的工艺过程,构成了产品酒优雅、舒适、芳香宜人的复合香气。     

芝麻香型白酒的酿造生产及其工艺创新研究进展

芝麻香型白酒的酿造生产一般采用多种粮食为酿酒原料,高温大曲、中温大曲与多种微生物麸曲配合使用作为糖化发酵剂,泥底砖池作为发酵容器,粮醅高温堆积、高温发酵,酒醅分层出池、高温馏酒、分段接酒等独特的工艺过程,构成了芝麻香型白酒特有的"优雅、舒适、芳香宜人"的复合香气。作为我国白酒生产中的创新香型,芝麻香型白酒的起步较晚,在以确保产酒质量为前提,保证产酒风格的基础上,探究使微量成分协调、口感舒适、质量稳定、产量提高等方面的工艺创新还存在较大潜力。从起源、发展、工艺特点等方面,结合酿酒企业的生产实践,对芝麻香型白酒的酿造生产及其工艺创新等方面进行综述,并指出功能性酿酒微生物的筛选及其在强化制曲、酿酒生产中的应用等,可以作为芝麻香型白酒的重要研究方向,以期为芝麻香型白酒的酿造生产提供借鉴。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.