内镜短期内重复筛查观察食管和贲门癌癌前自然史301例

目的:了解进展较快的食管和贲门癌前病变的时间,为寻找合适的筛查间隔提供线索.方法:在食管癌高发区河北涉县对40～69岁人群开展重复的内镜筛查.结果:301例重复筛查共观察到40例病情发生进展者,其中7例重度不典型增生中:1例首检为正常,间隔13个月检出重度不典型增生,1例首检为基底细胞增生,间隔7个月检出,4例首检为轻度不典型增生,分别间隔3个月、4个月、4个月、10.5个月检出,1例首检为中度不典型增生,间隔12.5个月检出;6例原位癌及黏膜内癌中:1例首检为轻度不典型增生,间隔48个月检出,2例中度不典型增生分别间隔4个月、13个月检出2例,3例重度不典型增生分别间隔3.5个月、9个月、17.5个月检出;3例浸润性癌中:1例中度不典型增生,间隔50个月检出、2例重度不典型增生间隔14个月和19个月检出.结论:食管和贲门癌前病变的滞留时间变异较大,有必要适当缩短筛查间隔,通过及时复查捕获那些进展较快、多点起源和首检遗漏的癌前病变.     

河北涉县、磁县及河南林州市、山西阳城县上消化道癌集中高发对病因及预防的启示

由于食管癌和贲门癌外科治疗上的相似性,华北食管癌高发现场肿瘤登记1986年以前存在把贲门腺癌归入食管鳞癌的现象[1],虽然强调了食管鳞状上皮癌的高发,但在一定程度上忽略了贲门和非贲门胃腺癌的流行强度.     

食管及贲门癌前病变自然史内镜筛查分析

目的：了解食管和贲门癌前病变进展较快者的滞留时间，为寻找合适的筛查间隔提供线索。方法：在涉县对40～69岁人群开展重复的内镜筛查。结果：8例重度不典型增生者中从首栓为正常间隔13个月检出1例．从首捡为基底细胞增生间隔7个月检出1例，从首检为轻度不典型增生分别间隔3～10．5个月检出4例。从首检为中度不典型增生分别间隔12．5、43．4个月检出2例；8例原位癌或黏膜内癌中由首检为基底细胞增生分别间隔18和51．7个月检出2例，由首栓为轻度不典型增生间隔48个月检出1例，由首检为中度不典型增生分别间隔4、13个月检出2例，由首检为重度不典型增生分别间隔3．5-17．5个月检出3例：4例浸润性癌中由轻度不典型增生间隔13个月栓出1例，由中度不典型增生间隔50个月检出1例，由重度不典型增生间隔14和19个月栓出2例。结论：首检过后对基底细胞增生和轻度不典型增生应间隔一年复查一次，对中度不典型增生应半年内复查一次。以防止其中进展较快者发展为癌。     

食管癌高发区贲门癌、胃癌流行强度分析及其对内镜筛查的启示

 目的 分析涉县等食管癌高发区贲门癌、胃癌的流行强度，明确其防治任务，探讨具体控制途径。方法 对比分析涉县、林县、磁县全人群肿瘤登记的食管癌、贲门癌、胃癌发病率与死亡率以及内镜筛查6233例40-69岁人群三种癌及癌前病变的检出率。结果 太行山南麓食管癌高发区食管癌、贲门癌和胃癌发病率或死亡率的合计占到全身恶性肿瘤的70％～80％。涉县2000-2004年贲门癌发病率男女性分别为69．9／10万和41．5／10万，死亡率男女性分别为54．3／10万和33．2／10万。高发区运用内镜碘染色指导活检技术筛查，食管鳞状上皮癌前病变及早期癌的检出率高，但贲门和胃腺上皮癌前病变及早期癌的检出率相对较低。结论 太行山南部食管癌高发区存在贲门癌和胃癌共同高发的现象，要想通过旱诊早治从整体上降低该地区上消化道癌的死亡率，必须加强内镜对贲门和胃腺上皮癌前病变及早期癌检出的研究。     

EPIDEMIC STRENGTH OF CARDIA AND DISTANT STOMACH CANCER IN THE HIGH RISK REGION OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER AND THEIR IMPLICATION TO EDOSCOPIC SCREENING

Objective： To discuss the epidemic strength of cardia and distant stomach cancers in the high risk region of esophageal cancer along the south Taihang mountain such as in Shexian, Linxian, and Cixian Counties, and to clarify the tasks for the control of upper gastrointestinal tract cancer as a whole in the region. Methods： Comparisons of incidence and mortality rates of esophageal, cardia and stomach cancers were made between Cixian, Linxian and Shexian Counties with reference to detection rates of cancer in situ and precancerous lesions of the three upper gastrointestinal cancers by endoscopic screening. The screening was performed from 1999 through 2004 in the three adjacent counties including a total of 6233 local residents aged 40 to 69 years old. Results： The incidence rates for cardia cancer for the male and female from 2000 through 2004 were 69.9 and 41.5, and the mortality rates were 54.3 and 33.2 respectively in Shexian County. Esophageal, cardia, and stomach cancers constitute about 70～80 percent of all malignant disease by incidence or mortality rates. Endoscopic survey with iodine staining can effectively detect squamous cell precancerous lesions in the esophagus, but the method is inadequate for the detection of adeno precancerous lesions of the cardia and stomach. Conclusion： The south Taihang mountain region is a high risk area not only for esophagus cancer, but also for cardia and stomach cancers. To control upper gastrointestinal tract cancers as a whole in the region, special attention should be paid to the control of cardia and stomach cancers. Presently, to find effective screening methods for detecting cardia and stomach precancerous lesions is especially important.     

涉县肿瘤高发区防治工作纪实

河北省涉县三十多年的肿瘤防治工作取得一些成绩,也得到了经验和教训,文章对此作一总结。