内镜短期内重复筛查观察食管和贲门癌癌前自然史301例

目的:了解进展较快的食管和贲门癌前病变的时间,为寻找合适的筛查间隔提供线索.方法:在食管癌高发区河北涉县对40～69岁人群开展重复的内镜筛查.结果:301例重复筛查共观察到40例病情发生进展者,其中7例重度不典型增生中:1例首检为正常,间隔13个月检出重度不典型增生,1例首检为基底细胞增生,间隔7个月检出,4例首检为轻度不典型增生,分别间隔3个月、4个月、4个月、10.5个月检出,1例首检为中度不典型增生,间隔12.5个月检出;6例原位癌及黏膜内癌中:1例首检为轻度不典型增生,间隔48个月检出,2例中度不典型增生分别间隔4个月、13个月检出2例,3例重度不典型增生分别间隔3.5个月、9个月、17.5个月检出;3例浸润性癌中:1例中度不典型增生,间隔50个月检出、2例重度不典型增生间隔14个月和19个月检出.结论:食管和贲门癌前病变的滞留时间变异较大,有必要适当缩短筛查间隔,通过及时复查捕获那些进展较快、多点起源和首检遗漏的癌前病变.     

定性及定量分析脆性组氨酸三联体基因蛋白表达在食管癌变过程中的临床意义

目的定性和定量分析脆性组氨酸三联体基因蛋白（Fhit蛋白）在食管癌及癌前病变（不典型增生）组织中的表达,探讨Fhit蛋白与食管癌发生发展的关系.方法收集色素内镜初筛并经组织病理学证实标本94例,应用免疫组化及流式细胞术（FCM）,定性及定量检测Fhit蛋白在食管癌变过程中的表达情况.结果①从食管鳞状上皮→不典型增生（癌前病变）→原位癌→浸润癌,随着食管病变的加重,定性及定量检测Fhit蛋白表达均呈逐渐降低趋势;②免疫组化结果显示：正常组、不典型增生Ⅰ级组、不典型增生Ⅱ级组、不典型增生Ⅲ级组、原位癌组、浸润癌组中Fhit蛋白表达分别为82.35%、75.00%、43.75%、35.29%、30.00%、33.33%;正常组与食管不典型增生Ⅰ级组Fhit蛋白表达差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,与其余各组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;浸润癌组与正常组、不典型增生Ⅰ级组差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,浸润癌组与不典型增生Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级组、原位癌组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;③FCM结果显示：不典型增生Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级组间Fhit蛋白表达量差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）,不典型增生Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,不典型增生Ⅱ级与正常组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）,不典型增生Ⅲ级与食管癌组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 Fhit蛋白表达缺失是食管癌变过程的早期事件,随病理组织学分级的增高Fhit蛋白表达阳性率逐渐降低,其蛋白表达的缺失在食管癌发生、发展过程中可能起着重要作用.     

食管癌高发区贲门癌、胃癌流行强度分析及其对内镜筛查的启示

 目的 分析涉县等食管癌高发区贲门癌、胃癌的流行强度，明确其防治任务，探讨具体控制途径。方法 对比分析涉县、林县、磁县全人群肿瘤登记的食管癌、贲门癌、胃癌发病率与死亡率以及内镜筛查6233例40-69岁人群三种癌及癌前病变的检出率。结果 太行山南麓食管癌高发区食管癌、贲门癌和胃癌发病率或死亡率的合计占到全身恶性肿瘤的70％～80％。涉县2000-2004年贲门癌发病率男女性分别为69．9／10万和41．5／10万，死亡率男女性分别为54．3／10万和33．2／10万。高发区运用内镜碘染色指导活检技术筛查，食管鳞状上皮癌前病变及早期癌的检出率高，但贲门和胃腺上皮癌前病变及早期癌的检出率相对较低。结论 太行山南部食管癌高发区存在贲门癌和胃癌共同高发的现象，要想通过旱诊早治从整体上降低该地区上消化道癌的死亡率，必须加强内镜对贲门和胃腺上皮癌前病变及早期癌检出的研究。     

食管及贲门癌前病变自然史内镜筛查分析

目的：了解食管和贲门癌前病变进展较快者的滞留时间，为寻找合适的筛查间隔提供线索。方法：在涉县对40～69岁人群开展重复的内镜筛查。结果：8例重度不典型增生者中从首栓为正常间隔13个月检出1例．从首捡为基底细胞增生间隔7个月检出1例，从首检为轻度不典型增生分别间隔3～10．5个月检出4例。从首检为中度不典型增生分别间隔12．5、43．4个月检出2例；8例原位癌或黏膜内癌中由首检为基底细胞增生分别间隔18和51．7个月检出2例，由首栓为轻度不典型增生间隔48个月检出1例，由首检为中度不典型增生分别间隔4、13个月检出2例，由首检为重度不典型增生分别间隔3．5-17．5个月检出3例：4例浸润性癌中由轻度不典型增生间隔13个月栓出1例，由中度不典型增生间隔50个月检出1例，由重度不典型增生间隔14和19个月栓出2例。结论：首检过后对基底细胞增生和轻度不典型增生应间隔一年复查一次，对中度不典型增生应半年内复查一次。以防止其中进展较快者发展为癌。     

EPIDEMIC STRENGTH OF CARDIA AND DISTANT STOMACH CANCER IN THE HIGH RISK REGION OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER AND THEIR IMPLICATION TO EDOSCOPIC SCREENING

Objective： To discuss the epidemic strength of cardia and distant stomach cancers in the high risk region of esophageal cancer along the south Taihang mountain such as in Shexian, Linxian, and Cixian Counties, and to clarify the tasks for the control of upper gastrointestinal tract cancer as a whole in the region. Methods： Comparisons of incidence and mortality rates of esophageal, cardia and stomach cancers were made between Cixian, Linxian and Shexian Counties with reference to detection rates of cancer in situ and precancerous lesions of the three upper gastrointestinal cancers by endoscopic screening. The screening was performed from 1999 through 2004 in the three adjacent counties including a total of 6233 local residents aged 40 to 69 years old. Results： The incidence rates for cardia cancer for the male and female from 2000 through 2004 were 69.9 and 41.5, and the mortality rates were 54.3 and 33.2 respectively in Shexian County. Esophageal, cardia, and stomach cancers constitute about 70～80 percent of all malignant disease by incidence or mortality rates. Endoscopic survey with iodine staining can effectively detect squamous cell precancerous lesions in the esophagus, but the method is inadequate for the detection of adeno precancerous lesions of the cardia and stomach. Conclusion： The south Taihang mountain region is a high risk area not only for esophagus cancer, but also for cardia and stomach cancers. To control upper gastrointestinal tract cancers as a whole in the region, special attention should be paid to the control of cardia and stomach cancers. Presently, to find effective screening methods for detecting cardia and stomach precancerous lesions is especially important.