肿瘤血管生成的PET检测

肿瘤血管生成作为肿瘤的主要特征,在肿瘤生长和转移中起着重要作用,为肿瘤治疗提供了新策略.通过标记血管生成相关的受体、多肽、激酶或细胞外基质蛋白,形成高亲和力的分子探针,与肿瘤血管生成过程中产生的特异性靶分子结合,从而显示包括整合素、VEGF/VEGFR、基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)等与血管生成关系密切的特征性血管生成因子,可从分子水平对肿瘤新生血管及血管靶向治疗疗效进行无创性检测.笔者就肿瘤血管生成PET影像学检测研究进展及未来发展作一综述.     

全内脏转位合并膀胱癌术后^18F-FDG PET／CT显像一例

患者女,80岁,膀胱癌膀胱全切＋结肠代膀胱术后半年。体格检查触及多处浅表淋巴结肿大,盆腔CT发现左侧闭孔内肌处低密度灶、盆腔淋巴结肿大,为明确其性质并了解全身情况而行全身^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET／CT显像。静脉注射^18F-FDG 344 MBq,静卧50min后行PET／CT（美国GE Discovery LS型）检查。图像经衰减校正后行迭代法重建,获得横断、矢状、冠状面CT、PET及PET／CT融合图像。     

氟脱氧葡萄糖PET-CT常规及双时相显像检测食管癌术后复发转移的价值

目的 评价氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET-CT常规及双时相显像在监测食管癌术后复发转移中的应用价值.方法 回顾分析食管癌术后临床怀疑复发转移而行FDG PET-CT检查的48例患者临床资料,根据细胞学、病理或随访结果分析FDG PET-CT检查结果.两样本率比较采用Fisher's精确概率法检验.结果 48例患者中位随访21.5个月,34例出现复发转移,确定复发转移灶61处.FDG PET-CT常规显像对全部病灶诊断的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为93.44%、74.29%和86.46%;对局部复发和区域淋巴结转移的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为91.67%、57.14%、78.95%和90.48%、77.78%、84.62%.FDG PET-CT双时相显像诊断局部复发+区域淋巴结转移的敏感性、特异性、准确性均高于常规显像,分别为96.97%∶90.90%(P=0.613)、96.00%∶72.00%(P=0.049)、96.55%∶82.76%(P=0.029).结论 FDG PET-CT常规显像虽然检测食管癌术后局部复发及区域淋巴结转移的特异性和准确性较低,但仍是检测其术后复发转移的有效手段;双时相显像较常规显像更具优势,可有效提高检测的特异性及准确性.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of regular and dual-time-point 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-CT(FDG PET/CT)imaging for recurrence and metastasis in esophageal carcinoma(EC)after curative esophagectomy. Methods A retrospective study was done on 48 patients received curative esophagectomy, who underwent FDG PET/CT scans to detect doubtful recurrent or metastatic lesions. The diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET-CT was assessed with the help of pathological findings as well as clinical or follow-up data. Using Fisher's Exact Test from SPSS 11.5 to analyze the data.Results Of the 48 patients, after a median follow-up of 21.5 months, 61 sites of local and regional recurrence or metastasis were finally confirmed in 34 patients. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of regular FDG PET/CT imaging in detecting recurrence of all sites were 93.44%, 74.29% and 86.46%respectively. The specificity and accuracy of local recurrence and regional metastasis were 57.14% ,78.95% and 77.78% ,84.62%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of dual-time-point FDG PET/ CT imaging in detecting local and regional recurrence(96.97% ,96.00% and 96.55%)were higher than those of regular FDG PET/CT(90.90%, 72.00% and 82.76%)and there were significant differences of specificity and accuracy(P = 0.049, P = 0.029). Conclusions Regular FDG PET/CT imaging is highly effective in detecting recurrence and metastasis in EC patients after curative esophagectomy despite the low specificity and accuracy. Dual-time-point FDG PET/CT imaging can elevate the specificity and accuracy.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像监测胃癌术后复发转移的价值

Objective PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been used to beth detect and stage a variety of malignancies. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for recurrence and metastasis in gastric carcinoma patients after total gastrectomy. Methods A total of 45 gastric carcinoma patients who underwent total gastrectomy were included. PET/CT scans were obtained for restaging. The " gold standard" of 18F-FDG PET/CT diagnostic accuracy was based on either histopathology or clinical follow-up. By using the t-test from SPSS 11.5, the cut-off of maximum standard-ized uptake values (SUVmax) from 18F-FDG to differentiate benign from malignant lesion at stomach were determined and calculated. Results (1) Of the 45 patients, 22 were suspicion recurrent lesion at stomach. Of the 22 patients, 12 were confirmed to have recurrent lesions. The diagnostic accuracy were 100.0% (12/ 12) for sensitivity, 70.0% (7/10) for specificity, and 86.4% (19/22) for accuracy, respectively. A higher SUVmax in malignant than benign lesion was noted (6.27 ± 3.42 vs 3.92 ± 2.24), though not reached to the significance (t = 1. 862, P > 0.05). (2) For extra-gastric lesion detection, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for region lymph nodes were 78.9% (15/19), 92.3% (24/26), and 86.7% (39/ 45), for peritoneal spreading were 6/9, 97.2% (35/36), 91. 1% (41/45), and for distant sites were 86.7%(13/15), 93.3% (28/30), 91.1% (41/45). (3) False positive were found in eight sites. All were either inflammatory or physiological uptake at intestine. False negative were found in nine sites. Either due to small in size (less than 1.0 cm in diameter), well differentiation of the tumor cell or with a nature of signet ring. Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT had a potential to detect local, regional, and distant metastasis in gastric cancer.     

FDG PET-CT靶区勾画方法在食管癌中的比较及病理对照研究

目的 比较3种FDG PET-CT勾画方法在食管癌GTV勾画中的差别,寻找GTV勾画的最佳SUV阈值,探讨FDG PET-CT在淋巴结检测中的作用.方法接受根治性食管癌切除术患者33例人组,除常规检查外均行PET-CT扫描.采用肉眼法、SUV 2.5和40%SUVmax3种方法勾画肿瘤GTV,测量其纵轴长度后分别记为Lvis、L2.5和L40%.术后测量病理标本的长度,记为Lpath,并与PETCT测量的长度比较.术后对PET重新阅片,采用不同的SUVmax百分数勾画GTV,当长度与Lpath一致时,该值为最佳SUV阈值.根据术后病理验证PET-CT对食管癌淋巴结转移诊断结果.结果病理长度(Lpath)为(5.52±2.00)cm,21个肿瘤长度≥5 cm,12个肿瘤《5 cm.Lvis、L2.5和L40%值分别为(5.16±1.97)、(5.55±1.81)和(4.42±1.60)cnl,与Lpath的相关系数分别为0.817、0.877和0.863.L40%显著小于Lpath(P《0.001).在所有肿瘤中最佳SUV阈值为24.30%±10.96%,在长度≥5 cm的肿瘤中为21.14%±9.06%,《5 cm的为29.83%±12.15%.最佳SUV阈值与IMB比值和Lpath的相关系数分别为-0.730、-0.515.对淋巴结检测的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为77.8%、95.2%和92.3%.结论不同方法勾画的肿瘤长度不同.L2.5勾画的结果与病理长度一致性最好.最佳SUV阈值与L/B比值和肿瘤长度呈负相关.FDG PET-CT能够较准确地检测转移淋巴结.     

18F-FDG PET/CT监测肝癌治疗后复发转移的价值

目的 评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT显像在监测手术切除或肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌后复发残留或转移的价值.方法 24例原发性肝癌患者(肝部分切除术6例、肝移植术3例、TACE治疗15例)治疗后4周～2年行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,结果 经病理,DSA或随访证实.结果 24例患者中21例患者经活检、DSA或随访证实为复发或转移.1 9例可见18F-FDG放射性摄取增高灶,其中5例肝部分切除术后患者,2例复发,3例肝内转移;2例肝移植术后患者1例双侧肾上腺转移,1例肝转移、肺转移和骨转移;12例TACE治疗后患者肿瘤残留.2例TACE治疗后患者肿瘤内放射性分布与邻近非肿瘤的肝实质相近,未见异常增高灶,DSA证实肿瘤残留.3例未见异常放射性摄取增高灶,随访未见复发或转移.肝内转移灶的SUVma×3.4～12.5.18F-FDG PET/CT诊断肝癌治疗后复发转移的灵敏度为90.5%、特异性为100%、准确率为91.7%.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像可有效监测肝癌治疗后疗效,并指导进一步治疗.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像监测胃癌术后复发转移的价值

Objective PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been used to beth detect and stage a variety of malignancies. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for recurrence and metastasis in gastric carcinoma patients after total gastrectomy. Methods A total of 45 gastric carcinoma patients who underwent total gastrectomy were included. PET/CT scans were obtained for restaging. The " gold standard" of 18F-FDG PET/CT diagnostic accuracy was based on either histopathology or clinical follow-up. By using the t-test from SPSS 11.5, the cut-off of maximum standard-ized uptake values (SUVmax) from 18F-FDG to differentiate benign from malignant lesion at stomach were determined and calculated. Results (1) Of the 45 patients, 22 were suspicion recurrent lesion at stomach. Of the 22 patients, 12 were confirmed to have recurrent lesions. The diagnostic accuracy were 100.0% (12/ 12) for sensitivity, 70.0% (7/10) for specificity, and 86.4% (19/22) for accuracy, respectively. A higher SUVmax in malignant than benign lesion was noted (6.27 ± 3.42 vs 3.92 ± 2.24), though not reached to the significance (t = 1. 862, P > 0.05). (2) For extra-gastric lesion detection, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for region lymph nodes were 78.9% (15/19), 92.3% (24/26), and 86.7% (39/ 45), for peritoneal spreading were 6/9, 97.2% (35/36), 91. 1% (41/45), and for distant sites were 86.7%(13/15), 93.3% (28/30), 91.1% (41/45). (3) False positive were found in eight sites. All were either inflammatory or physiological uptake at intestine. False negative were found in nine sites. Either due to small in size (less than 1.0 cm in diameter), well differentiation of the tumor cell or with a nature of signet ring. Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT had a potential to detect local, regional, and distant metastasis in gastric cancer.     

^18F-FDG PET／CT在肝脏肿瘤介入治疗后的临床意义

目的：评价^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET／CT显像在肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）术后疗效的价值。方法：22例肝肿瘤患者（男19例,女3例,年龄31—65岁,平均52岁）TACE术后4周～1．5年行^18F-FDGPET／CT检查,22例均经病理或随访证实。结果：22例患者40个肝内病灶。①平扫CT：碘油全瘤均匀致密型沉积11个病灶,碘油不均匀型沉积29个病灶;②^18F-FDGP田显像：放射性分布缺损或稀疏8个病灶,放射性浓聚20个病灶,放射性分布与邻近正常肝实质相近12个病灶（2个病灶SUVratio〈0．6,10个病灶SUVratio〉0．6）;③^18F--FDGPET／CT显像：全瘤均匀致密碘油沉积并放射性分布缺损或稀疏8个病灶,全瘤均匀致密碘油沉积并瘤灶放射性分布与邻近肝实质相近3个病灶（2个病灶SU Vratio〈0．6,1个病灶SUVratio〉0．6）,碘油不均匀沉积并放射性浓聚20个病灶,碘油不均匀沉积并瘤灶放射性分布与邻近正常肝实质相近9个病灶,SUVratio〉0．6。放射性分布缺损或稀疏的8个病灶和SUVratio〈0．6的2个病灶,随访未见复发;其余30个病灶经随访证实复发或残留。^18F-FDGPET／CT显像发现全部肝外病灶。结论：^18F-FDGPET／CT显像可有效监测疗效,并指导进一步治疗。     

肺癌性淋巴管炎的CT征象

目的 探讨肺癌性淋巴管炎的CT表现.方法 回顾性分析35例经病理证实的肺癌性淋巴管炎的CT及HRCT表现.结果 肺癌性淋巴管炎多见于右肺,35例均可见肺纹理增多增粗,为局限性非对称性分布,呈结节状或锯齿状改变;胸膜增厚26例,好发于叶间胸膜,病变程度轻,范围广;小叶间隔增厚25例;肺门和(或)纵隔淋巴结肿大25例;肺内小结节13例.结论 肺癌性淋巴管炎的CT表现具有较高的诊断价值,小叶间隔结节状增厚是PLC较为特征的CT表现.     

18F-FDGPET—CT诊断NSCLC骨转移中的应用价值

目的评价18F—FDGPET—CT在检测NSCLC骨转移中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析18F-FDGPET．CT扫描的NSCLC患者362例,按颈椎、胸椎、腰椎、骶尾椎、骨盆、肩胛骨和锁骨、长骨、胸骨、肋骨及颅骨将机体骨骼分为10个区域,比较同机CT、PET及PET—CT诊断骨转移的敏感性、特异性及准确率。结果共有82例患者的331个区域被确诊为骨转移。PET—CT诊断NSCLC患者骨转移的敏感性、特异性和准确率分别为93．9％,98．9％和97．8％,高于同机CT和PET的74．4％,90．7％,87．0％和84．1％,93．2％,91．2％（P均〈0．05）。PET—CT诊断病灶骨转移的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为98．8％、98．6％和98．7％,显著高于同机CT的79．5％、87．9％、84．5％和PET的94．3％、89．2％、91．2％,P均〈0．05。结论18F-FDGPET—CT在诊断NSCLC骨转移中优于同机CT和18F—FDGPET,对NSCLC的临床分期及治疗计划确定具有重要价值。