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目的 从包装功能实现的角度分析研究时间–温度指示器和食品新鲜度指示器的原理、类型与发展趋势,指出开发设计时间–温度指示器和食品新鲜度指示器应完成的包装功能,为有效实现包装交流功能提供研究思路和技术支持。方法 列出现有食品包装功能在物理环境、周围环境和人类环境下的实现矩阵,通过研究时间–温度指示器和食品新鲜度指示器的实现原理和所满足的包装交流功能,探讨这2种技术提高矩阵中分值较低元素的可行性。结果 时间–温度指示器监测食品所经历的时间、温度的完整历程,有助于提高实现矩阵中ComA元素的分值;食品新鲜度指示器提供生理变化或微生物生长引起的食品质量变化的定性或半定量信息,有助于提高实现矩阵中ComH元素的分值。结论 时间–温度指示器和食品新鲜度指示器能够有效提升食品包装的交流功能,保证消费者安全,减少资源浪费,具有广阔的发展前景。 相似文献
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Applied Composite Materials - The paper presents a study on the ballistic performance of 3D woven wadded through-the-thickness angle-interlock fabrics (TTAI) fabric reinforced composites. Their... 相似文献
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Xiao-Mei Sha Li-Jun Zhang Wen-Mei Chen Guang-Yao Wang Jin-Lin Li Zi-Zi Hu Zong-Cai Tu 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2022,57(3):1573-1586
Thermal action in extraction process had effects on characteristic tryptic peptides identification and gelling properties of porcine gelatin. SDS-PAGE, HPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry, texture analyser and rheometer were used to evaluate collagen depolymerisation degree, characteristic tryptic peptides and gelling properties of gelatins prepared in various thermal actions. Results showed that with increasing temperature and time, depolymerisation degree enlarged, while gel strength, gelling and melting temperature decreased. Mass spectra showed that 47 and 49 common characteristic tryptic peptides were identified in gelatins extracted at 50 °C and 100 °C with various times, respectively. Moreover, 34 common characteristic tryptic peptides were identified in all gelatin samples. Further comparison between this work and our previous investigations yielded 20 common characteristic tryptic peptides, which stably exist in various thermal actions. These common characteristic tryptic peptides may be very helpful for the accurate authentication of porcine gelatin. 相似文献
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文章率先提出一种新型防屈曲高强钢腹板可更换钢连梁(简称“新型钢连梁”):腹板采用高强钢,可提高钢连梁的屈服抗剪强度,连梁变形减小,从而减小可更换结构整体变形,便于更换;加劲肋紧贴腹板(但不焊接)提供约束,仅与上下翼缘焊接,可减少60%以上的焊接量。其次,设计并开展了11个试件的拟静力试验,研究了加劲肋间距(规范限值dmax、0.85dmax)、腹板厚度(6mm、8mm)、腹板钢材强度(Q460、Q550)和构造形式(加劲肋与腹板贴紧或焊接)等参数对新型钢连梁抗震性能的影响。试验结果表明:试件均发生剪切破坏;满足加劲肋间距限值的新型钢连梁,滞回曲线饱满,峰值时腹板未发生鼓曲且极限转角均超过0.1rad,大于规范限值0.08rad,表现出良好的耗能和变形能力;缩小加劲肋间距、增加腹板厚度或提高腹板钢材强度,新型钢连梁刚度及承载力提高;新型钢连梁峰值承载力较传统构造试件低约5%。最后,基于试验结果建立了有限元模型并开展了分析,研究结果表明:对腹板采用Q460、Q550高强钢材的新型钢连梁,峰值承载力计算时超强系数建议取1.43(长度比为0.5~1.0)或1.39(长度比为1.0~1.6)、1.25,以期为实际工程设计提供依据。 相似文献
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Hua Yang Shi-Xiao Wei Han Chen Lang Chen Chak-Tong Au Ting-Liang Xie Shuang-Feng Yin 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2022,68(10):e17810
A high-throughput (105.5 g/h) passive four-stage asymmetric oscillating feedback microreactor using chaotic mixing mechanism was developed to prepare aggregated Barium sulfate (BaSO4) particles of high primary nanoparticle size uniformity. Three-dimensional unsteady simulations showed that chaotic mixing could be induced by three unique secondary flows (i.e., vortex, recirculation, and oscillation), and the fluid oscillation mechanism was examined in detail. Simulations and Villermaux–Dushman experiments indicate that almost complete mixing down to molecular level can be achieved and the prepared BaSO4 nanoparticles were with narrow primary particle size distribution (PSD) having geometric standard deviation, σg, less than 1.43 when the total volumetric flow rate Qtotal was larger than 10 ml/min. By selecting Qtotal and reactant concentrations, average primary particle size can be controlled from 23 to 109 nm as determined by microscopy. An average size of 26 nm with narrow primary PSD (σg = 1.22) could be achieved at Qtotal of 160 ml/min. 相似文献
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Guishang Pei Junyi Xiang Qingyun Huang Xuewei Lv 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2022,105(10):6359-6369
A double pyrovanadate CaMgV2O7 sample was synthesized via a facile solid-state route under an air atmosphere. The nonequilibrium formation pathways of the CaMgV2O7 were investigated via powder X-ray diffraction. A multistep reactions path (metavanadates–pyrovanadates–double pyrovanadate CaMgV2O7) was proposed to describe the formation of the CaMgV2O7 considering the thermodynamic and kinetic factors. The cell unit parameters of the CaMgV2O7 sample indicated the crystallization according to a monoclinic system with space group P12/c1(14), and the lattice parameters of a = 6.756 Å, b = 14.495 Å, c = 11.253 Å, β = 99.12, and V = 108.806 Å3. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy also confirmed the +5 oxidation state vanadium in CaMgV2O7. The endothermic effects at 1033 and 1143 K were related to the incongruent melting and liquidus temperatures of CaMgV2O7, respectively. The comprehensive thermodynamic properties of CaMgV2O7 were established in both low- and high-temperature regions, utilizing a physical property measurement system and multi-high-temperature calorimetry (96 lines). The heat capacity (200 J mol K−1) and entropy (198 J mol K−1) at 298.15 K were computed based on the low-temperature heat capacity values, and the enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K was also estimated. The fitted high-temperature capacity can be used to obtain the changes in the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy. This study is part of building a reliable thermodynamic database of the CaO–MgO–V2O5 system. 相似文献
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环氧树脂是一种性能优异的热固性树脂,在结构胶粘剂和纤维增强复合材料领域应用广泛。但是常见的环氧树脂体系耐热性普遍较差,近年来,航空航天领域对材料的热性能提出了更高的要求,常规的环氧树脂体系已经无法满足耐高温需求。针对该问题,我们设计了一种耐热性较高的双酚芴型环氧树脂体系,并对其热性能和粘接性能进行了研究。在本文中,首先采用流变学方法和DSC研究了其工艺性能,使用DMA和TGA法分析了环氧树脂体系的耐热性能,并通过单搭接剪切试验测试了该环氧体系的粘接性能。结果表明,双酚芴型环氧树脂体系可在180℃固化,固化后的玻璃化转变温度达到190℃,失重5%时的温度为392℃,150℃时的剪切强度为5.8 MPa,展现了优异的耐热性能和粘接性能。 相似文献