Microstructure and mechanical behavior of laser aided additive manufactured low carbon interstitial Fe49.5Mn30Co10Cr10C0.5 multicomponent alloy

Laser aided additive manufacturing(LAAM)was used to fabricate bulk Fe49.5Mn30Co10Cr10C0.5 interstitial multicomponent alloy using pre-alloyed powder.The room temperature yield strength(σy),ultimate tensile strength(σUTS)and elongation(εUST)were 645 MPa,917 MPa and 27.0％respectively.The as-built sample consisted of equiaxed and dendritic cellular structures formed by elemental segregation.These cellular structures together with oxide particle inclusions were deemed to strengthen the material.The other contributing components include dislocation strengthening,friction stress and grain bound-ary strengthening.The high εUTS was attributed to dislocation motion and activation of both twinning and transformation-induced plasticity(TWIP and TRIP).Tensile tests performed at-40℃and-130℃demonstrated superior tensile strength of 1041 MPa and 1267 MPa respectively.However,almost no twinning was observed in the fractured sample tested at-40℃and-130℃.Instead,higher fraction of strain-induced hexagonal close-packed(HCP)ε phase transformation of 21.2％were observed for fractured sample tested at-40℃,compared with 6.3％in fractured room temperature sample.     

大型水电工程前期准备延期的影响类型分析

讨论了成本考虑不足与水电工程项目施工前准备阶段延期的负面影响,以及发展中国家不能及时有效地交付项目与稀有资源浪费间的冲突。建议项目员工、开发商、政府官员和国际金融机构重视延期成本,找到成本与效益的平衡点。     

ZrCuAlNi系大块金属玻璃的非晶形成能力、热学和力学性能（英文）

分析ZrCuAlNi系大块金属玻璃的非晶形成能力、热学和力学性能。运用密实堆积和动态脆性指数模型从理论上确定合金的成分。采用铜模吸铸法在氩气保护下制备圆柱形和圆锥形铸锭。用X射线衍射表征圆锥形铸锭以便确定非晶结构。结果表明:两种合金的临界非晶直径为3 mm。用差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析其热行为,加热速率分别为0.5、0.67和0.83 K/s。γ参数、过冷液相区ΔT_x和约化玻璃转变温度T_(rg)等这些实验所得的参数均表明其具有高的非晶形成能力。非晶成分显示其脆性指数为40。合金的压缩试验采用的应变速率为0.016 s~(-1),得到弹性模量约为83 GPa,总应变约为5%,屈服强度为1.6 GPa,硬度为4 GPa。运用密实堆积和动态脆性指数模拟可以预测ZrCuAlNi系合金的非晶形成成分。     

由刨花金属短纤维制备技术用金属纱线

目前,德国纺织机械和高性能材料技术研究所(ITM)正对刨花金属短纤维纺制纱线的工艺过程进行广泛的调查研究。为顺利纺纱,必须考虑这类纤维的高耐磨性、高脆性和高刚性等特性,以及它们较高的塑性变形和粘滑运动倾向。基于传统成纱工艺,开发出以刨花金属短纤维为原料,经拉伸断裂、牵伸和纺纱过程制备纯金属纱线的纺纱工艺链。基于目前的研究,由刨花金属短纤维制备纯金属纱线的可行性已得以证实。所得金属纤维在高性能、低成本技术应用方面具有较高的潜力。     

可控中子孔隙度测井仪器设计

源距与屏蔽体厚度是直接影响可控中子孔隙度测井仪器测量准确性的重要参数。源距不仅影响测井仪器的测量误差，还影响测井仪器对地层孔隙度的灵敏度。屏蔽体厚度是保障测井响应完全反映地层的重要参数。从灵敏度、屏蔽率以及误差3个方面确定可控中子孔隙度测井仪器的源距与屏蔽体厚度。研究结果表明:近探测器源距越小，测井仪器灵敏度越高；近远探测器的间距对测量误差的影响随间距的增大，先减小再增大；当屏蔽率在70%以上且屏蔽率随厚度的变化较为缓慢时的屏蔽体厚度可作为屏蔽体最低厚度。     

大柳塔煤矿五盘区5-2煤层DDF2断层特征

大柳塔煤矿五盘区5-2煤层在三维地震资料解释中发现存在一条影响较大、伸展较远的断层（DDF2断层）横切5-2煤层。综合研究表明，DDF2断层为走向为东南—西北方向（111°～291°）、倾向为西南方向（201°）的高角度正断层。该断层为坳陷盆地形成后控制部分煤层沉积:在D306钻孔和D307钻孔所在区域形成时间较早，形成于5-2煤层沉积之后，结束于4-3煤层形成之后，控制5-2煤与4-3煤之间的地层沉积，为同沉积断层；该断层在D304钻孔和D305钻孔所在区域形成时间较晚，形成于4-2煤层沉积之后，结束于3-1煤层形成之后，局部控制4-2煤层与3-1煤层之间沉积，为准同生沉积断层。DDF2断层形成于东南方向，逐渐向西北方向迁移、加剧到最后尖灭。     

计及损耗的双馈感应风力发电机高电压穿越控制策略

利用换向原理分析其电磁暂态特性，在此基础上，对DFIG输出无功功率与其铜损耗的解析关系进行了理论分析，推导出了使铜损耗最低的DFIG输出无功功率最优参考值。同时，转子的瞬时功率补偿分量减小了DC总线电压的波动，从而减少了转换器的功率损耗。由此，提出了考虑DFIG铜损和转换器损耗的DFIG高电压穿越控制策略。仿真结果表明，该控制策略可以在保证DFIG高电压穿越能力的同时降低DFIG铜损耗与换流器损耗，并具有较好的暂态特性。     

Effect of the addition of rare earths on the activity of alumina supported copper cobaltite in CO oxidation,CH4 oxidationand NO decomposition

The effect of the addition of small amounts of rare earths(Ln=La, Ce, Nd and Gd) to alumina supported copper-cobalt spinel oxide on the catalysts efficiency in CO and CH4 oxidation and in NO decomposition was investigated. Samples of Ln/Cu Co/Al catalyst were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS), H2-temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR), electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) spectroscopy and low temperature nitrogen adsorption. The results showed that the addition of rare earths changed the surface state of the alumina supported copper-cobalt spinel catalyst. As a result, partial reduction of copper species was observed as well as migration of these species between the surface and the bulk. The Ln/Cu Co/Al catalysts behaved differently in oxidation and reduction processes. In oxidation processes where oxide structure was important, Ce/Cu Co/Al and Nd/Cu Co/Al were the most active catalysts. The catalyst Ce/Cu Co/Al was the most active in the oxidation reactions because of the availability and favorable surface distribution of the redox couples Cu+/Cu2+ and Ce3+/Ce4+. In NO decompostion, Ln-modified catalysts significantly improved the selectivity of the process to N2.     

Critical parameters near the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition in La0.67–xYxBa0.23Ca0.1MnO3 compounds（x=0.10 and x=0.15）

The critical properties of the mixed manganite La0.67–x Y x Ba0.23Ca0.1Mn O3 with x=0.10 and x=0.15 around the paramagnetic(PM)-ferromagnetic(FM) phase transition were investigated through various techniques. These involved modified Arrott plots, Kouvel-Fisher method and Widom scaling relation. Magnetic data, analyzed in the critical region, using the above methods, yielded the critical exponents for(x=0.10) La0.57Y0.10Ba0.23Ca0.1Mn O3(β=0.312±0.002 and γ=1.147±0.003 at T C=299.23±0.05 K). Moreover, the estimated critical exponents of(x=0.15) La0.52Y0.15Ba0.23Ca0.1Mn O3 were β=0.286±0.004 and γ=0.943±0.002 at T C=289.53±0.06 K. The critical exponents’ values were close to the theoretical values of 3D-Ising model and tricritical mean-field model. These results suggested that the present composition should be close to a tricritical point in the La0.67–x Y x Ba0.23Ca0.1Mn O3 phase diagram. Expressing the field dependence as ΔS M∝H n allowed us to establish a relationship between the exponent n and the critical exponents of the material and to propose a phenomenological universal curve for the field dependence of ΔS M.     

铁素体渗氮工艺模拟

纯铁的莱勒图被广泛用于选择合金钢的渗氮工艺。本文首次采用计算热力学来确定AISI 4140钢的莱勒图。研究表明，AISI 4140钢的莱勒图与纯铁的存在明显差异。对AISI 4140钢进行了渗氮试验，目的是验证计算热力学的预测结果。扫描电镜结果显示化合物层中存在两种相，利用透射电镜对化合物层与扩散层界面的研究结果证实了γ′-Fe4N和ε-Fe2－3（C，N）相的共存。这些试验结果与用计算热力学建立的AISI 4140钢莱勒图高度吻合。