采用免疫型肝硬化大鼠建立慢加急性肝衰竭模型方法的研究

目的对人血清白蛋白免疫诱导型肝硬化大鼠给予不同急性打击，探索建立与人慢加急性肝衰竭组织病理表现相似、实用性、重复性好的实验模型、方法用人血清向蛋白免疫诱导建立肝硬化大鼠模型，至肝纤维化达4级时随机分组，组一（n=6）给予1．2g／kg的D．氨基半乳糖腹腔注射；组二（n=6）给予30mg／kg脂多糖尾静脉注射；组i（n=6）给予D-氨基半乳糖400mg／kg＋脂多糖100trg／kg同时腹腔注射；组四（n：4）继续给人血清白蛋白静脉注射，计算每组动物自然生存时间及死亡率、观察各脏器组织病理变化。结果组一5只大鼠给药后39～52h之内死亡，肝组织病理显示肝硬化基础上发生弥漫大小泡脂肪变性，仅见小片坏死灶；组二大鼠均存活良好，给药后3天后处死肝组织未见坏死性病变。组三5只大鼠在13～19h内死亡，肝脏病理表现为再生结节大块或亚大块坏死，肝细胞凋广明硅，增生的纤维间隔完整保留。结论对人血自蛋白免疫诱导型肝硬化大鼠给予D-氨基半乳糖／脂多糖联合急性攻击可建立慢加急性肝衰竭模型，而单独给大剂量D-氨基半乳糖或脂多糖不能使肝硬化大鼠发生肝脏大块或亚大块坏死。     

姜黄素诱导血红素氧合酶-1表达抗大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖作用的研究

目的:探讨姜黄素诱导大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞(RASMC)血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)表达效果及其抗细胞增殖的作用.方法:RASMC株经复苏、传代培养后分组实验,分别加用不同浓度的姜黄素或姜黄素 ZnPPⅨ孵育,用Western blot法检测HO-1表达效果;用四唑氮法及3H-Td掺入法检测RASMC增殖情况;同时还观察了姜黄素的细胞毒性作用.结果:姜黄素能呈剂量依赖性诱导RASMC高表达HO-1蛋白并显著抑制血清刺激的RASMC增殖(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),加入ZnPPⅨ共同孵育能使姜黄素诱导HO-1表达明显降低并消除其对RASMC增殖的抑制作用(均P＜0.01),实验浓度的姜黄素无明显细胞毒性作用(P＞0.05).结论:姜黄素能显著诱导RASMC表达HO-1蛋白并以此有效抑制RASMC增殖.     

Effects of octreotide on glucose transporter type 2 expression in obese rat small intestine

AIM:To investigate the effects of the somatostatin analogue,octreotide,on maltose and sucrase activities and expression of glucose transporter type 2(GLUT2) in obese rat intestinal mucosa.METHODS:We divided 49 Sprague-Dawley rats into a group of 31 high fat diet-induced obese rats and a group of 18 normal controls.The obese rats were separated into an octreotide treated group of 16 rats and an obese group of 15.The intervention group was injected with octreotide at 40μg/kg body weight every 12 h for 8 d.Rat...     

肝癌特异性GGT的发生及其定量分析的临床价值

目的探讨肝癌特异性ＧＧＴ的动态变化及其定量分析的临床价值。方法以化学致癌剂２－ＦＡＡ（００５％）制备鼠肝癌模型，观察肝癌ＧＧＴ的产生及其肝组织内分布，并对不同肝病患者血清肝癌特异性ＧＧＴ区带（ＨＳＢ）进行定量分析研究。结果在实验性鼠的诱癌过程中，鼠肝脏癌变组织中ＧＧＴ大量表达，出现早并具有胎肝ＧＧＴ的特点；人血清中ＨＳＢ的定量检测发现：肝癌组明显高于其他肝病组，肝外肿瘤及正常对照组（Ｐ＜０００１）；ＨＳＢ在小肝癌中的阳性率为７５％，在ＡＦＰ阴性肝癌中为７８３％。结论研究资料提示ＨＳＢ的定量检测其临床价值优于ＨＳＢ的定性分析，且有助于小肝癌和ＡＦＰ阴性肝癌的早期诊断。     

High-fat diet in low-dose-streptozotocin-treated heminephrectomized rats induces all features of human type 2 diabetic nephropathy: a new rat model of diabetic nephropathy

Background and aimWe have developed a new rat model that mimics the natural course of diabetic nephropathy seen in type 2 diabetes.MethodsNine days after intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg) or vehicle to 8-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats, the animals’ right kidneys were surgically removed. Two weeks after surgery, the STZ-injected rats were fed on either a high-fat (ST + HF) or a normal (ST) diet, while the vehicle-injected rats were fed on the high-fat diet (HF).ResultsBaseline biochemical markers did not differ between the three groups. Only the ST + HF group showed a significant increase in plasma glucose levels after 15 weeks, and simultaneously plasma insulin levels started to decrease, followed by an increase in plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels at 25 weeks and slightly later by an increase in blood pressure. In the ST + HF group, significant microalbuminuria was detected at 15 weeks followed by overt proteinuria, both of which were absent in the other two groups. Also in ST + HF, the creatinine clearance rate increased until week 15, and then gradually decreased. Histologically, ST + HF rats showed mesangial expansion at week 25, and diffuse glomerular sclerosis at the end of the experiments.ConclusionThe chronological changes in biochemical, physiological and histological markers in ST + HF rats are reminiscent of human type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. Our new model of type 2 diabetic nephropathy should help us to understand the pathophysiology of the disease and serve to explore measures to prevent and treat diabetic nephropathy.     

内皮素-1在不同月龄大鼠神经细胞中的表达

目的研究内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)在不同月龄大鼠神经细胞中表达变化,为探讨纹状体易卒中机制、揭示脑血管病发病机制提供参考资料。方法应用链霉亲和素-生物素复合物免疫组化染色法观测1~2个月龄、6~7个月龄及>24个月龄3组共36只Wistar大鼠神经细胞ET-1的表达。结果随大鼠月龄增加,ET-1在纹状体、颞叶皮质、海马区表达增加,>24个月龄组纹状体、颞叶皮质、海马区ET-1阳性反应强度与其他2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),同月龄组纹状体、颞叶皮质、海马区的ET-1表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ET 1在神经系统的表达,可能与老年人易发生脑血管病有关。     

钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂对Aβ1－42所致阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆及细胞凋亡的影响

目的：探讨钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂对β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ1－42）所致阿尔茨海默病（AD）大鼠学习记忆及海马区细胞凋亡的影响及可能作用机制。方法36只SD大鼠随机分为AD模型组、FK506组及对照组,每组12只。 AD模型组和FK506组采用Aβ1－42海马注射建立AD大鼠模型,FK506组以钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂他克莫司（ FK506）干预。用Morris水迷宫检测大鼠学习记忆能力,原位末端凋亡法（TUNEL）检测凋亡细胞,实时定量PCR（RT-PCR）、免疫组化检测海马区促凋亡蛋白（Bad）、细胞凋亡蛋白酶-3（Caspase-3）的表达。结果与对照组相比,AD模型组大鼠学习记忆能力明显减退（P＜0．01）,海马CA1区神经元细胞凋亡率增高（ P＜0．05）,而FK506可改善AD大鼠的学习记忆能力,并能减少海马CA1区神经元细胞凋亡率（P＜0．05）;Bad基因转录及其蛋白表达在AD模型组与FK506组中无明显差异（P＞0．05）,而FK506可显著减少AD大鼠海马区Caspase-3的表达（P＜0．05）。结论抑制钙调神经磷酸酶激活可改善AD大鼠的学习记忆能力。 AD的发病机制可能为,活化的钙调神经磷酸酶可能通过介导Bad去磷酸化而激活Caspase-3,最终导致细胞凋亡。钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂可通过阻断该途径来治疗AD。     

Neuroendocrine control of the onset of puberty

This chapter is based on the Geoffrey Harris Memorial Lecture presented at the 8th International Congress of Neuroendocrinology, which was held in Sydney, August 2014. It provides the development of our understanding of the neuroendocrine control of puberty since Harris proposed in his 1955 monograph (Harris, 1955) that “a major factor responsible for puberty is an increased rate of release of pituitary gonadotrophin” and posited “that a neural (hypothalamic) stimulus, via the hypophysial portal vessels, may be involved.” Emphasis is placed on the neurobiological mechanisms governing puberty in highly evolved primates, although an attempt is made to reverse translate a model for the timing of puberty in man and monkey to non-primate species.     

甲状腺激素诱导的神经干细胞移植对慢性实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎的神经保护作用

目的探讨甲状腺激素诱导的神经干细胞(NSCs)是否比单纯NSCs移植对慢性实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎(EAE)有更好的神经保护作用。方法体外培养新生大鼠NSCs和三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)诱导的NSCs(T3/NSCs),诱导其分化7d后,免疫细胞化学或免疫荧光染色分别检测半乳糖脑苷脂阳性(Gal C+)和GFAP阳性(GFAP+)细胞。用豚鼠脊髓匀浆诱导慢性EAE大鼠模型。在免疫后10d,脑立体定位仪分别移植T3/NSCs、NSCs和生理盐水入EAE大鼠侧脑室,T3/NSCs和NSCs移植前用5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(Brd U)标记。实验分为T3/NSCs组、NSCs组和对照组,每组10只。每天对大鼠临床症状评分评估神经功能。大鼠免疫60d后处死,HE和LFB染色分别观察脑的炎症侵润和脱髓鞘;免疫荧光双标染色检测脑的Gal C+/Brd U+和GFAP+/Brd U+比例;RT-PCR法检测脑组织血小板源性生长因子α受体(PDGFαR)、Gal C和髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)mRNA的表达。结果 T3/NSCs体外分化为Gal C+和GFAP+细胞的比例分别高于和低于NSCs的分化。T3/NSCs组和NSCs组神经功能恢复较对照组好。T3/NSCs组较NSCs组更明显改善脑的炎症侵润和脱髓鞘,其脑内Gal C+/Brd U+及GFAP+/Brd U+的比例分别高于和低于NSCs组,脑组织的PDGFαR、Gal C和MBP mRNA的表达也较NSCs组高。结论 T3/NSCs比NSCs对EAE有更好的神经保护作用。