Eucalyptol-based green extraction of brown alga Zonaria tournefortii

A green extraction method, based on the use of 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) as biosolvent, has been developed to prepare crude extracts from the brown alga Zonaria tournefortii characterized by chemical composition, particularly dominated by phenolic compounds derived from phloroglucinol. The main advantage of the developed technique are the recovery of eucalyptol, based on multistep liquid-liquid extraction with distilled water, followed by centrifugation and elimination of the aqueous phase, and the complete recycling of biosolvent by steam distillation. A comparative study between the proposed green extract and the conventional extract, prepared by solvent maceration using the mixture CH₂Cl₂/MeOH (1/1:v/v), was performed in terms of qualitative and quantitative determination of several parameters as:(i) the total phenolic content determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, (ii) the presence of phenols determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and (iii) the antioxidant activity assessed by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. In short, eucalyptol provides a safe and selective extraction of phenolic compounds from Zonaria tournefortii with no environmental side effects and a good recovery of the solvent.     

瓜蒌薤白半夏汤不同提取部位对心肌细胞保护作用比较研究

目的 比较瓜蒌薤白半夏汤（GXB）不同提取部位对缺血缺氧心肌细胞的保护作用,初步探寻该经典方剂干预胸痹、心痛的物质基础。方法 称取瓜蒌240 g、薤白90 g、半夏120 g,50%乙醇回流提取,分别用石油醚、氯仿、醋酸乙酯、水饱和正丁醇、水5种不同极性溶剂萃取,得到相应提取部位,及药渣水煎液部位。培养大鼠原代心肌细胞,制备缺血缺氧模型,给予系列浓度（100、10、1、0.1、0.01 mg/mL）的GXB 6种提取部位及瓜蒌皮注射液（阳性对照,100、50、25、5、1 mg/mL）。MTT法检测细胞存活率,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态变化,生化试剂盒检测培养液中肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）活性。结果 与对照组比较,模型组细胞凋亡、坏死明显,细胞存活率显著降低,细胞培养液中CK、CK-MB的活性显著升高（P < 0.05）;质量浓度均为0.1 mg/mL的GXB水饱和正丁醇部位、水溶性部位及药渣水煎部位可以显著逆转缺血缺氧心肌细胞的生长状态、存活率以及培养液中CK、CK-MB活性（P < 0.05）;石油醚、氯仿及醋酸乙酯部位处理的细胞,与模型组无明显差异。结论 GXB的水饱和正丁醇、水溶性及药渣水煎部位对缺血缺氧损伤的心肌细胞具有显著的保护作用。     

Evaluation of an improved prototype mini-baghouse to control the release of respirable crystalline silica from sand movers

The OSHA final rule on respirable crystalline silica (RCS) will require hydraulic fracturing companies to implement engineering controls to limit workers' exposure to RCS. RCS is generated by pneumatic transfer of quartz-containing sand during hydraulic fracturing operations. Chronic inhalation of RCS can lead to serious disease, including silicosis and lung cancer.

NIOSH research identified at least seven sources where RCS aerosols were generated at hydraulic fracturing sites. NIOSH researchers developed an engineering control to address one of the largest sources of RCS aerosol generation, RCS escaping from thief hatches on the top of sand movers. The control, the NIOSH Mini-Baghouse Retrofit Assembly (NMBRA), mounts on the thief hatches. Unlike most commercially available engineering controls, the NMBRA has no moving parts and requires no power source. This article details the results of an evaluation of generation 3 of the NMBRA at a sand mine in Arkansas from May 19–21, 2015.

During the evaluation, 168 area air samples were collected at 12 locations on and around a sand mover with and without the NMBRA installed. Analytical results for respirable dust and RCS indicated the use of the NMBRA effectively reduced concentrations of both respirable dust and RCS downwind of the thief hatches. Reductions of airborne respirable dust were estimated at 99+%; reductions in airborne RCS ranged from 98–99%. Analysis of bulk samples of the dust showed the likely presence of freshly fractured quartz, a particularly hazardous form of RCS. Use of an improved filter fabric and a larger area of filter cloth led to substantial improvements in filtration and pressures during these trials, as compared to the generation 2 NMBRA.

Planned future design enhancements, including a weather cover, will increase the performance and durability of the NMBRA. Future trials are planned to evaluate the long-term operability of the technology.     

角类动物药DNA提取方法研究

目的建立角类动物药材的DNA提取方法,使提取的DNA质量满足PCR及测序要求,同时可用于陈旧动物角类样品的DNA提取。方法为避免取骨塞部位用EDTA脱钙造成DNA提取不完全或DNA被破坏,取角质层部位,采用二硫苏糖醇(DTT)结合化学试剂盒中的细胞裂解液及蛋白酶K处理角质层样本,其余按试剂盒操作提取DNA。考察了取样量、DTT用量对角质部位DNA质量的影响。结果确定了取样量为25 mg,DTT用量为20μL,角质细胞裂解完全,所有样品的DNA质量均可满足PCR要求。结论建立的DNA提取方法,提取DNA完全,可标准化操作,可应用于多种动物角的提取。     

微波帮助提取中药金银花中有效成分的分析

目的:分析微波帮助提取中药金银花中有效成分的可行性。方法:以中药金银花作为提取对象,采用微波帮助提取以及超声波提取法对中药金银花有效成分进行提取。采用紫外可见分光光度法进行两种方法提取效果的对比。结果:紫外可见光光度法检测结果显示微波帮助提取金银花有效成分的提取率要比超声波提取法高30.2%。微波帮助提取恒定时间为1 min、超声波提取时间为40 min。结论:微波帮助提取中药金银花中有效成分的提取效果较佳,且所需时间较短,可对中药有效成分进行快速分析。     

益气固本颗粒的挥发油提取工艺优化

目的:优化益气固本颗粒的挥发油提取工艺,制成包合物。方法:以挥发油得率、藁本内酯含量为评价指标,选取加水量、浸泡时间、提取时间为考察因素,通过L_9(3~4)正交试验优选益气固本颗粒挥发油的最佳提取工艺。结果:各因素对挥发油提取工艺的影响顺序为加水量浸泡时间提取时间,益气固本颗粒挥发油的最佳提取工艺为药材加14倍量水,浸泡0.5小时,提取4小时。验证试验中挥发油得率分别为0.048、0.048、0.050,RSD为2.37%;藁本内酯含量为6.81、7.05、6.93,RSD为1.73%。结论:优选的提取工艺稳定可行,适用于益气固本颗粒的标准化生产工艺。     

苦参-甘草药对提取工艺的优化及其化学成分分析

目的:优选苦参-甘草药对的提取工艺,并对其提取物的化学成分进行分析。方法:以苦参碱、氧化苦参碱和甘草酸的转移率为指标,在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验考察乙醇体积分数、提取次数、提取时间和液料比对苦参-甘草药对提取工艺的影响。利用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS对苦参-甘草药对提取物化学成分进行在线鉴定。结果:苦参-甘草药对的最佳提取条件为加8倍量60%乙醇回流提取2次,每次2 h,提取前浸泡1 h;苦参碱和氧化苦参碱总转移率93.92%,甘草酸转移率99.23%。苦参-甘草药对提取物共鉴定出49个成分,其中28个来自于苦参,21个来自于甘草。结论:优选的提取工艺稳定可行。苦参-甘草药对配伍提取具有相互促进溶出的作用,为阐明其他药对的药效物质基础及配伍机制提供参考。     

正畸治疗中磨牙的拔除和保留(二十九)——拔除第一磨牙的矫治设计

目的:总结拔除第一磨牙矫治病例的设计特点.方法:46例拔除第一磨牙病例,男12例,女34例,年龄11～40岁,平均25.5岁.全部病例均采用直丝弓矫治器矫治.结果:矫治周期10～28个月,平均17个月.矫治结束时磨牙间隙完全关闭,牙根平行,上下牙列获得良好的牙尖交错关系,中线对齐,前牙覆(牙合)、覆盖正常;面型恢复理想;齿槽及牙根未见吸收现象.结论:对被动拔除的第一磨牙,目前矫治技术已经较成熟,但对于主动拔除第一磨牙矫治设计应主要针对严重的骨性畸形病例,周全考虑.     

牙种植机去骨切割法拔除56颗下颌低位水平阻生牙的体会

应用种植机去骨切割法拔除下颌低位水平阻生牙56颗，同时选取相同年龄范围的56颗下颌低位水平阻生牙，应用高速涡轮钻拔除，以作比较。结果，应用种植机拔除下颌低位水平阻生牙安全、快捷，术后反应和并发症可降至最低，是目前拔除下颌低位水平阻生牙较理想的方法之一。     

拔牙诱发唇血管神经性水肿1例

血管神经性水肿为一种过敏性疾病。其发病机制属I型变态反应。过敏原可能为特定的食物、药物、肠道寄生虫、感染因子等。此外，外伤、情绪激动、寒冷等可能诱发本病^[1]。我科收治1例患儿乳牙拔除后出现唇血管神经性水肿，现报告如下。