A systematic review of the complications of high-risk third molar removal and coronectomy: development of a decision tree model and preliminary health economic analysis to assist in treatment planning

Coronectomy is an alternative surgical technique for the management of high-risk third molars. It involves the removal of the crown of a tooth and the deliberate retention of the roots, thereby avoiding injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Previous studies have suggested that it reduces the risk of nerve injury when compared with surgical extraction. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the incidence of complications following coronectomy such as IAN injury, pain, dry socket, infection, root migration, and need for re-operation. A comparative cost analysis of coronectomy and surgical extraction was done based on the results of the review. This provides an insight into the economic implications of the two procedures. A search through the MEDLINE database via Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE via Ovid, and Web of Science, was carried out to extract randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Four studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was conducted to measure the overall effect of each outcome. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for IAN injury was 0.16 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.39). Coronectomy reduced this risk by 84%. Dry socket may occur less frequently following coronectomy whereas infection did not show a higher incidence with either intervention. Root migration was found to occur in 13%–85% of cases and the average incidence of re-operation was 2.2%. The ratio of the average costs was 1.12 favouring coronectomy if cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was not done prior to the procedure. If a scan was taken routinely for coronectomy, the cost ratio marginally favoured extraction. Coronectomy reduced the risk of nerve injury in high-risk third molars. Definitive conclusions, however, cannot be made for outcomes such as the need for re-operation, which may alter the cost ratio of coronectomy:extraction, as higher quality studies with longer follow-up are needed.     

仙鹤草不同提取部位的抗炎作用研究

目的考察仙鹤草不同提取部位的抗炎作用。方法采用醋酸扭体法、二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法、磷酸组胺致毛细血管通透性增加实验,探讨仙鹤草醇提取部位、仙鹤草正丁醇提取部位、仙鹤草乙酸乙酯提取部位的抗炎作用。结果与模型组比较,仙鹤草醇提取部位、正丁醇提取部位能减少醋酸所致小鼠扭体次数(P<0.05、P<0.05)、能抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀(P<0.05、P<0.05),能够降低磷酸组胺致小鼠毛细血管通透性增加(P<0.05、P<0.05)。结论仙鹤草具有明显的抗急性炎症的作用,其活性主要集中于正丁醇提取部位。     

地塞米松不同给药途径对下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术后的疗效观察

目的:评价地塞米松不同给药途径(冠周局部注射和口服)在预防下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术后肿胀、疼痛及张口受限中的疗效。方法:对480例患者的下颌阻生第三磨牙根据阻生类型进行分组(高位、中位、低位),每组中再分为实验组(拔牙术后局部注射地塞米松)和对照组(拔牙术后口服地塞米松),对患者术后第1、3、7天进行随访分析,对患者肿胀指数、疼痛程度和张口受限程度进行统计分析。结果:在拔牙术后第1天和第7天,高位组、中位组和低位组中的实验组与对照组在肿胀指数、疼痛程度和张口受限程度方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后第3天,高位组和中位组中的实验组与对照组在肿胀指数、疼痛程度和张口受限程度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),低位组中的实验组与对照组相比,在肿胀反应中具有更好的预防效果(P<0.05),在疼痛程度和张口受限程度中具有一定的缓解效果(P>0.05)。结论:下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术后,冠周局部给予地塞米松能够防治和减轻术后肿胀、疼痛以及张口受限的发生。     

Successful avoidance of superior vena cava injury during transvenous lead extraction using a tandem femoral-superior approach

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白及多糖超声提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

目的：优化白及多糖的超声提取工艺，比较不同产地白及多糖含量差异，考察白及多糖稳定性和抗氧化活性。方法：以多糖得率为考察指标，料液比、超声温度、超声时间为考察因素设计L9（34）正交试验优化白及多糖超声波提取工艺；以苯酚-硫酸法测定白及多糖含量，考察陕西汉中、云南普洱、湖南洪江及四川绵阳白及多糖含量产地差异；以化学方法考察白及多糖稳定性，并比较白及多糖对1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基（DPPH·）和羟基自由基（·OH）的清除率以评价其体外抗氧化活性。结果：最佳超声提取工艺条件为：料液比1:25（g/mL）、超声温度80 ℃、超声时间10 min；四川绵阳白及多糖含量最高，达到60.81%，湖南洪江次之，云南普洱最低；白及多糖在柠檬酸及中性溶液中的稳定性较好，在苯甲酸钠、过酸性或过碱性溶液中的稳定性较差；白及多糖能有效地清除DPPH和羟基自由基，具有潜在的体外抗氧化活性。结论：白及多糖超声波提取工艺的优化及其抗氧化活性研究，可为白及多糖提取及综合利用提供借鉴。     

桑色素-Cu2+配位分子印迹聚合物制备及其固相萃取应用

目的 制备桑色素-Cu²⁺配位分子印迹聚合物，对桑枝中桑色素进行分离富集。方法 在Cu²⁺存在下，丙烯酰胺为功能单体，在水-甲醇极性溶剂中制备桑色素-Cu²⁺配位分子印迹聚合物，以该聚合物为填料固相萃取桑枝中桑色素。结果 所制备配位分子印迹聚合物对桑色素具有较强的特异性、选择性吸附，最大吸附量82 μmol/g，远大于以氢键为作用力的传统印迹聚合物及非印迹聚合物；对桑色素结构类似物大豆素、儿茶素的分离因子分别为4.81、4.02。对比桑枝固相萃取淋洗液、洗脱液组成，所制备配位印迹聚合物对桑枝中桑色素表现出明显的富集效果。结论 制备的桑色素配位分子印迹聚合物环境适应性好，选择性吸附能力强，是适用于天然产物有效成分桑色素分离富集的良好材料。