认知灵活性理论指导下的网络教学交互设计

本文首先介绍了认知灵活性理论的涵义及其关于学习和教学的观点;探讨了认知灵活性理论对开展网络教学交互设计的启发性意义;从"人-机"交互和"人-人"交互两个方面,探究了认知灵活性理论柏导下的网络教学系统中的交互设计。     

从用户角度看芯片贴装头技术

现代制造商一直特别看重在变动过程中迅速重新配置平台型贴装机的灵活性,以便能够对变动后的产品实现最优的贴装能力.现在,平台型贴装设备上提供的新一代贴装头技术扩展了这些系统的能力,可以提供高速芯片贴装功能,实现能够在不需重新配置,不会影响精度、良品率或产能的情况下,贴装常用的各种元件.它能使未来几代装配商将从更加灵活、自适应和精确的贴装头中受益,他们将提高利用率,大大降低变动时间,明显减少支持高速度、低成本、快速交货周期制造环境所需的反应时间.     

QoS-oriented design of embedded systems with specification PEARL

Only recently have methodical tools adequate to design real-time systems been formally introduced in design methodologies. Naturally, they were present from the beginning, but due to the large diversity of embedded systems’ areas of deployment, specially dedicated formalisms have been developed and used. High-level language programming and integration of modeling formalisms into design methods eased the development of more complex real-time applications. With the emerging object-oriented programming languages and design methods, their integration into larger information systems has become more transparent. It was the UML methodology, however, which eventually merged also the design methods and concepts of real-time systems into a consistent whole. It took a large consortium and a long process to persuade industry of the benefits the new integral methodology can offer. On the other hand, there are some trade-offs, and there are some features not completely covered, yet. Here, a different, more straightforward approach to program and design (embedded) real-time systems is presented. Since it emerged from the real-time community, it includes most features relevant there. Independent of the UML profile for schedulability, performance and time specification, a profile was devised for use in PEARL-oriented UML design. The strengths of the mentioned language and design methods for QoS-oriented design of (embedded) real-time systems are emphasised throughout this article.     

Flexibility performance: Taguchi's method study of physical system and operating control parameters of FMS

In present manufacturing environment, the manufacturing flexibility has become one of the strategic competitive tools. Flexibility refers to the availability of alternative resources. These resources may have varied parameters, particularly related to physical and operating system. These physical and operating parameters of alternative resources may influence the system's performance with the changing levels of flexibility and operational control parameters such as scheduling rules. Is increase in a flexibility level provides desired improved performance output? If yes, than under what conditions of physical and operating parameters and under which control strategy (CS)? Is improved performance is present at all increasing levels of flexibility? Flexible manufacturing system (FMS) being consist of numerous physical and operating parameters and complex in nature, the solution to these questions can provide an understanding of the productive levels of flexibility for a given physical and operating parameters of an FMS. This paper establishes the need of modelling of the physical and operating parameters of flexible manufacturing system along with flexibility and presents a simulation study under Taguchi's method analysis of these parameters. The paper contributes an approach to study the impact of variations in physical and operating parameters of an FMS and to identify the level of these variations that do not restrict the advantages of flexibility. The results show that the expected benefits from increasing the levels of flexibility and a superior CS may not be achieved if the physical and operating parameters of alternative machines have variations. Taguchi's method analysis indicates that relative percentage contribution of variations in physical and operating parameters of alternative resources should be negligible or minimum in the performance of FMS. Their increasing relative contribution may restrict the advantages of flexibility. If these variations are higher than increase in flexibility level may be counter productive.     

Does prolonged sitting with limited legroom affect the flexibility of a healthy subject and their perception of discomfort?

This study examined for differences in subjective ratings of discomfort and comfort (Numerical Rating Scale) and objective measures of hamstring (Sit-Reach test), lumbar (Schöber’s test) and neck (Cervical Range of Motion) flexibility in healthy young subjects (n = 24) following 4 h of sitting on stacking chairs with or without limited legroom.When comparing the limited and unlimited legroom groups for differences in subjective and objective measures over 4 h, no significant findings were seen at the 5% level of confidence. However, differences in buttock, neck, shoulder and average discomfort were significantly negatively correlated to differences between post-warm up Sit-Reach scores (Correlation Co-efficients: −.763, −.434, −.408, and −.445; p values of .004, .034, .048, and .029, respectively). The difference in buttock discomfort was significantly negatively correlated to the difference between pre-warm up Sit-Reach scores (Correlation Coefficient: −.750; p = 0.005), post-sitting/pre-warm up and pre-sitting/post-warm up Sit-Reach scores (Correlation Coefficient: −.756; p = 0.004), and Schöber’s tests (Correlation Coefficient: −.578; p = 0.049).Although the above results suggest a relationship between a loss in flexibility and an increase in discomfort, the mechanism influencing this relationship is not clear from this study. What does appear clear is that the limiting of legroom to the parameters used in this study does not seem to exacerbate change in flexibility and discomfort which are a consequence of prolonged sitting.

Relevance to industry

Many forms of public transport provide limited legroom for their passengers, which may have an adverse affect on the user’s flexibility or experience of discomfort. Determining which objectively measurable parameters are associated with the subjective level of discomfort during sitting should allow for a greater appreciation of the changes that underpin such subjective perceptions.     

Multi-structure information retrieval method based on transformation invariance

The needs of efficient and flexible information retrieval on multi-structural data stored in database and network are significantly growing. Especially, its flexibility plays one of the key roles to acquire relevant information desired by users in retrieval process. However, most of the existing approaches are dedicated to a single content and data structure respectively, e.g., relational database and natural text. In this work, we propose “Multi-Structure Information Retrieval” (MSIR) approach applicable to various types of contents and data structures by adapting a small part of the approach to data structures. The power of this approach comes from the use of the invariant feature information obtained from byte patterns in the files through some mathematical transformation. The experimental evaluation of the proposed approach for both artificial and real data indicates its high feasibility. Fuminori Adachi: He received his Master of engineering from Osaka University in ’03. He is enrolled in the doctoral course of Osaka University from ’03. His current research interest includes scientific discovery, data mining and machine learning techniques. Takashi Washio, Ph.D.: He received his Ph.D. from Tohoku University in ’88. In ’88, he became a visiting reseacher in Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In ’90, he joined Mitsubishi Research Institute Inc., and is working for Osaka University from ’96. His current research interest includes scientific discovery, data mining and machine learning techniques. Atsushi Fujimoto: He is enrolled in the master cource of Osaka University from ’03. His Current research interest includes correlation analysis, data mining and machine learning techniques. Hiroshi Motoda, Ph.D.: He received his Ph.D. from University of Tokyo in ’72. In ’67, he joined Hitachi Ltd. and has been working for Osaka University since ’96. His current research interest includes scientific discovery, data mining and machine learning. Hidemitsu Hanafusa: He received Master of Engineering from Keio University in ’83. In ’83, he joined The Kansai Electric Power Co. Ins. (KEPCO). He researched on Maintenance Support System at INSS from ’97 to ’02. Now, he is working in KEPCO.     

Unlocking the value of flexibility of behind-the-meter prosumers: An overview of mechanisms to esteemed trends

Behind-the-meter (BTM) resources is being recognized as a viable solution to offer grid services including flexibility procurement which is required for volatile renewable power systems. This paper brings an overview of current and esteemed frameworks and respective challenges revolving around BTM flexibility notion and mechanisms. To begin with, we review grid architectures, e.g., microgrids and virtual power plants, capable of accommodating BTM flexibility and desirable flexibility market designs, including peer-to-peer trading. The role of machine learning initiatives, including reinforcement learning and probabilistic forecasting, in designing reliable energy management systems is extensively deliberated. Last but not least, supplementary discussions in making this concept a reality, which can be regarded as future research, are given.     

Multi-objective FMS process planning with various flexibilities using a symbiotic evolutionary algorithm

This paper presents an evolutionary algorithm, called the multi-objective symbiotic evolutionary algorithm (MOSEA), to solve a multi-objective FMS process planning (MFPP) problem with various flexibilities. The MFPP problem simultaneously considers four types of flexibilities related to machine, tool, sequence, and process and takes into account three objectives: balancing the machine workload, minimizing part movements, and minimizing tool changes. The MOSEA is modeled as a two-leveled structure to find a set of well-distributed solutions close to the true Pareto optimal solutions. To promote the search capability of such solutions, two main processes imitating symbiotic evolution and endosymbiotic evolution are introduced, together with an elitist strategy and a fitness sharing scheme. Evolutionary components suitable for the MFPP problem are provided. With a variety of test-bed problems, the performance of the proposed MOSEA is compared with those of existing multi-objective evolutionary algorithms. The experimental results show that the MOSEA is promising in solution convergence and diversity.     

A multi-objective approach to the application of real-world production scheduling

An initiative was introduced in one of the production facilities of Germany’s E.G.O. Group in order to enhance its SAP information system with a custom-made application for production-scheduling optimization. The goal of the optimization is to find a production schedule that satisfies different, contradictory production and business constraints. We show the challenges faced in the application of the multi-objective optimization approach, which is gaining influence in the management of production scheduling. We implement a memetic version of the Indicator-Based Evolutionary Algorithm with customized reproduction operators and local search procedures to find a set of feasible, non-dominated solutions. Such a memetic algorithm was applied to two real order lists from the production company. Additionally, we also lay out an efficient presentation of the multi-objective results for an expert’s support in decision making. This provides the management with the possibility to gain additional insights into how the production schedule dynamically reacts to changes in the decision criteria. We show that the multi-objective approach is able to find high-quality solutions, which enables flexibility when it comes to quickly adapting to specific business conditions.     

用于并行共焦测量的DMD控制方法研究

激光共焦测量采用并行的方式可以有效提高测量效率,但用于并行共焦测量的光分束器件普遍存在制作困难、价格偏高的不足.从数字微镜器件的空间光调制机理入手,主要研究数字微镜器的控制方法,通过构建任意所需的点光源阵列,实现了并行共焦测量.结果表明,测量装置可根据不同的被测物便捷地更换点光源参数;测量装置具有很好的柔性,且测量误差小.