A reliable and consistent production technology for high volume compacted graphite iron castings

The demands for improved engine performance,fuel economy,durability,and lower emissions provide a continual challenge for engine designers.The use of Compacted Graphite Iron（CGI）has been established for successful high volume series production in the passenger vehicle,commercial vehicle and industrial power sectors over the last decade.The increased demand for CGI engine components provides new opportunities for the cast iron foundry industry to establish efficient and robust CGI volume production processes,in China and globally.The production window range for stable CGI is narrow and constantly moving.Therefore,any one step single addition of magnesium alloy and the inoculant cannot ensure a reliable and consistent production process for complicated CGI engine castings.The present paper introduces the SinterCast thermal analysis process control system that provides for the consistent production of CGI with low nodularity and reduced porosity,without risking the formation of flake graphite.The technology is currently being used in high volume Chinese foundry production.The Chinese foundry industry can develop complicated high demand CGI engine castings with the proper process control technology.     

BTH诱导采后桃果实抗病性反应对其贮藏品质的影响

以"大久保"水蜜桃果实(Prunus persica(L.)Batsch cv.‘OkuBa’)为试材,研究了0.2 g/L BTH处理诱导的桃果实抗病性反应对其贮藏品质影响。实验结果表明:0.2 g/L BTH处理可有效诱导桃果实在20℃贮藏期间的SAR反应,促进抗病相关酶几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性以及总酚含量的上升,从而有效控制了果实贮藏期间P.expansum导致的青霉病的发展;但BTH处理诱导的SAR反应同时显著降低了桃果实在贮藏期间的乙烯峰值以及葡萄糖和蔗糖含量,并可抑制总黄酮、总花色苷和类胡萝卜素的积累,从而导致果实出现后熟及次生代谢产物合成速度减慢等不良症状。由此推测,BTH诱导的SAR抗病性反应对采后桃果实来说是一个不可逆的物质和能量消耗过程,可能会影响果实后熟品质的形成。     

Monoterpene Emissions from Lodgepole and Jack Pine Bark Inoculated with Mountain Pine Beetle‐Associated Fungi

Abstract

Relative monoterpene levels were analyzed from bark samples of lodgepole pine, jack pine, and their hybrids inoculated with mountain pine beetle (MPB)–associated fungi (Leptographium longiclavatum, Grosmannia clavigera, and Ophiostoma montium). Lodgepole pine showed the largest changes in relative emissions as a result of fungal inoculation. The relative emission of β‐phellandrene increased with fungal inoculation, making it the most abundant monoterpene for inoculated samples. Relative emissions of limonene and α‐pinene decreased in inoculated lodgepole pine. Lodgepole (5.6) and jack (146) pine differed in the ratio of α‐pinene to myrcene; two monoterpenes involved in pheromone synthesis by the MPB. These differences may contribute to the attractiveness of the two species as hosts for MPB; with jack pine potentially less attractive than lodgepole pine. Fungal inoculation reduced α‐pinene:myrcene ratios in lodgepole pine, which suggests one possible mechanism by which the fungi benefit the beetle.     

GRAPHITE NUCLEI IN CAST IRON UNDER INOCULATION TREATMENT

Melted cast iron was inoculated by FeSi,then quenched to interrupt the dissolution,the non-metallic inclusions,in which the graphite phase was already occured,formed inthe dissolution region,They dissolved into the melt soon,but the inclusions coated bygraphite could exist for along time.The function of inoculant is to create an undercoolingsolution for carbon,thereby the non-metallic inclusions in the solution may be activatedas the nuclei for graphite.     

人工接种真菌固态发酵对普洱茶品质和功能的影响

本实验以人工接种黑曲霉、青霉、酵母三种真菌固态发酵和自然渥堆发酵加工而成的普洱茶为材料,对比研究其感官品质、理化品质、香气成分和微生物安全指标,并探讨其在降糖和抗癌等保健功能方面的异同。结果表明：人工接种黑曲霉、青霉和酵母三种真菌固态发酵普洱茶能保持自然渥堆发酵普洱茶的基本品质,其产品汤色、滋味、香气等感官品质优良,水浸出物、茶多酚二项理化指标较自然渥堆发酵的茶样（对照）优越,大肠杆菌含量低于30MPN/100g,致病菌未检出,符合云南省地方标准DB53/103-2006的安全指标要求;在活性功能方面,人工接种黑曲霉、青霉和酵母三种真菌固态发酵的普洱茶在防治胃癌和努南氏综合症上效果较好,对于降糖和减肥、免疫缺陷疾病和白血病、血液疾病的防治效果来看,则稍次于自然渥堆发酵的普洱茶,二者表现出大同小异,各有优势,各具特色。     

Emotional and cardiovascular sensitization to daily stress following childhood parental loss.

Adverse childhood events can influence the development of emotional and physiological self-regulatory abilities, with significant consequences for vulnerability to psychological and physical illness. This study evaluated stress sensitization and inoculation models of the impact of early parental death on stress exposure and reactivity in late adolescence/young adulthood. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and diary reports of minor stress were collected every 30 min during waking hours over a 24-hr period from 91 late adolescents/young adults (43 early bereaved, 48 nonbereaved). Across the sample, minor stressors were associated with elevated BP and negative affect. The bereaved group had lower BP than did the nonbereaved group. Within the bereaved group, higher perceived caring from the surviving parent was associated with fewer reports of minor stress and lower stress-related negative affect. Higher perceived parental caring during childhood was associated with lower BP across the sample and more frequent hassles in the nonbereaved group. Findings support both the stress inoculation and sensitization models, suggesting that childhood parental loss and parental caring exert important influences on children's development of stress sensitivity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

葡萄干酿制葡萄酒的工艺优化

目的 研究并优化用普通葡萄干酿造葡萄酒的工艺。方法 通过单因素和正交试验研究料水比、果胶酶添加量、酵母菌接种量和发酵温度对葡萄酒品质的影响,并优化酿造工艺。结果 单因素试验结果表明,料水比、果胶酶的添加量以及发酵温度主要影响葡萄酒的色度,对残糖浓度和酒精度的影响不明显。相比之下,酵母菌接种量对这些特性的改变贡献较小。正交试验表明,发酵温度、酵母菌接种量和料水比对酒精度有显著影响,且果胶酶添加量明显影响感官评分。在最佳的发酵条件下[发酵温度20℃、酵母菌接种量0.50 g/L、果胶酶的添加量25 mg/L、料水比1:6 (g/mL)],可以酿造出酒精度约为12.3%vol,感官评分约为90.5分的高品质葡萄酒。结论 普通葡萄干酿制葡萄酒可行性较高,不同因素组合选择余地大,葡萄酒品质符合国家标准,酿造工艺具有一定的商业价值。     

Sr对碳质孕育Mg-3%Al合金熔体中Fe致晶核毒化与衰退的抑制作用

利用碳和Sr对Mg-3%Al(质量分数)合金进行复合孕育处理,引入杂质Fe并调整孕育保温时间,研究杂质Fe对孕育细化效果和晶核结构特性的影响。结果表明:碳和Sr复合孕育可有效细化Mg-3%Al合金,杂质Fe添加及添加顺序对孕育效果影响较小,长时间保温后晶粒尺寸略有增大。延长保温时间至80 min,晶粒尺寸最大从560μm一直稳定在100~130μm之间,其细化率保持稳定,变化幅度不大。Sr存在可有效抑制Fe对碳质孕育细化效果的粗化和加速孕育衰退的不利影响。晶核结构观测表明孕育合金中主要存在Al4C3颗粒和Al-Fe相表面包覆Al4C3相的双相颗粒,两者均可以作为α-Mg晶粒的有效形核核心。Sr易于朝颗粒表面偏聚和富集,从而降低颗粒表面能和相间的界面能,促进双相结构颗粒的生成,并可抑制晶核组分和结构变化,提高晶核结构稳定性,从而有效抑制晶核毒化和孕育衰退。     

Peptide-Based Identification of Phytophthora Isolates and Phytophthora Detection in Planta

Phytophthora is arguably one of the most damaging genera of plant pathogens. This pathogen is well suited to transmission via the international plant trade, and globalization has been promoting its spread since the 19th century. Early detection is essential for reducing its economic and ecological impact. Here, a shotgun proteomics approach was utilized for Phytophthora analysis. The collection of 37 Phytophthora isolates representing 12 different species was screened for species-specific peptide patterns. Next, Phytophthora proteins were detected in planta, employing model plants Solanum tuberosum and Hordeum vulgare. Although the evolutionarily conserved sequences represented more than 10% of the host proteome and limited the pathogen detection, the comparison between qPCR and protein data highlighted more than 300 protein markers, which correlated positively with the amount of P. infestans DNA. Finally, the analysis of P. palmivora response in barley revealed significant alterations in plant metabolism. These changes included enzymes of cell wall metabolism, ROS production, and proteins involved in trafficking. The observed root-specific attenuation in stress–response mechanisms, including the biosynthesis of jasmonates, ethylene and polyamines, and an accumulation of serotonin, provided the first insight into molecular mechanisms behind this particular biotic interaction.