胃转流术对糖尿病大鼠胰岛功能的影响

目的 探讨胃转流术对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖和胰岛功能的影响.方法 54只成年雄性SD大鼠采用高脂饮食和注射STZ(35 mg/kg)建立2型糖尿病动物模型.胃转流术后1、4、8周分别观察血糖、血胰岛素变化,并利用免疫组化对胰岛素表达情况进行观察.结果 胃转流术后1周、4周、8周,实验组与对照组比较血糖明显下降(P＜0.05),术后4周和8周,实验组胰岛素、β细胞所占胰岛比例均高于对照组(P＜0.05),术后8周与术后第4周胰岛素的分泌量和表达比较差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 胃转流术可降低非肥胖性2型糖尿病大鼠血糖,与术后胰岛素分泌增加和减轻胰岛素抵抗有关.     

曲尼司特对环孢素A诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质转变的抑制作用

目的 研究曲尼司特(Tran)对环孢素A(CsA)诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)向间充质转变的影响,并探讨该药抗纤维化的机制.方法 所有用于实验的HK-2细胞株均为8～12代细胞,分为4组:(1)空白对照组,收获细胞,不做任何处理;(2)CsA组,加入4.2μmol/LCsA;(3)CsA+Tran组,预先加入100μmol/L Tran,作用2 h后再加入4.2 μmol/L CsA;(4)Tran组,仅加入100μmol/L Tran.72 h后于共聚焦显微镜下观察各组细胞形态学变化;用免疫荧光法以及免疫印迹法检测各组钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、平滑肌肌动蛋白α(α-SMA)和骨桥蛋白(OPN)的表达.结果 HK-2细胞在正常情况下表现为典型的"鹅卵石"样形态,细胞圆钝,且与邻近的细胞连接较为紧密;空白对照组和Tran组细胞表现为典型的HK-2细胞形态;CsA组细胞变狭长,甚至向周边伸出"伪足"样改变,细胞间连接较为稀疏;CsA+Tran组的细胞形态学改变有明显改善.CsA组细胞E-cadherin荧光表达强度明显弱于对照组,α-SMA、OPN荧光表达强于对照组;CsA+Tran组细胞E-cadherin荧光表达强于CsA组,α-SMA、OPN荧光表达弱于CsA组.免疫印迹检查中,CsA组细胞E-cadherin 的表达明显低于对照组,而α-SMA、OPN的表达明显高于对照组,CsA+Tran组细胞E-cadherin的表达高于CsA组,而α-SMA、OPN的表达低于CsA组.结论 曲尼司特能抑制CsA诱导的HK-2细胞由肾小管上皮向间充质细胞转化的过程,其机制可能与抑制OPN的表达有关.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effect of tranilast on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal tubular epithelial cells, and investigate the mechanism of its antifibrotic effect. Methods Cultured HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: (1)In the control group, cells were treated without any medicine; (2) The cell were treated with CsA (4. 2μmol/L) for 72 h; (3) The cells were treated with a combination of CsA (4. 2 μmol/L) and tranilast (100μmol/L); (4) The cells were treated with tranilast (100 μmol/L) alone for 72 h.Morphological changes of the cells were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. The immunofluorescence and Western blotting were adopted to detect the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and OPN mRNA and proteins respectively. Results Tranilast could markedly ameliorate the morphological changes of HK-2 cells stimulated by CsA. The irmmunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of E-cadherin was markedly decreased in HK-2 cells stimulated with CsA for 72 as compared with the control group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN was significantly higher in CsA group than the control group. The expression of E-cadherin in the CsA + Tranilast group was higher than the CsA group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN in the CsA + Tranilast group was lower than the CsA group. Western blotting showed that protein expression level of E-cadherin in CsA group was dramatically lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 05), while that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA group was significantly higher than in the control group (P＜0.05). The protein expression level of E-cadherin in HK-2 cells in the CsA + Tranilast group was markedly higher than in the CsA group (P＜0.05), and that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA + Tranilast group was significantly lower than in the CsA group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Tranilast can block the CsA-induced epithelialto-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells probably by suppressing the expression of OPN.     

改良经腹腔途径腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术的临床研究

Objective To evaluate the technique and clinical outcomes of modified transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Methods A total of 105 patients received the operation with age ranging from 51 to 73 years from January 2008 to June 2010. Mean level of serum prostate specific antigen was 13. 6 μg/L and mean prostatic volume was 45 ml. Pathological studies of biopsy confirmed the prostate carcinoma with Gleason score 6-8. Radionuclide bone scan revealed no metastasis. Based on previously retroperitoneal radical prostatectomy, modified technique was applied involving surgical approach, bladder neck dissection and vesicourethral anastomosis. Results Mean operative time was 93 min (65-150 min).Intraoperative blood loss was 115 ml (50-400 ml). No complication of bowl injury occurred. Positive surgical margin was present in 24 patients. Normal continence were seen in 64 patients after catheter removed. Recovery of incontinence within 3 months was seen in 33 patients and 3 to 12 months in 5 patients respectively. Three patients with incontinence were still in the follow-up. Conclusions Transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy provides large working space and clear anatomic exposure. Higher efficiency and lower complication rate are obtained through modified laparoscopic technique involving seminal vesicle isolation, bladder neck dissection and vesicourethral anastomosis.     

上海浦东新区公利医院职工的碘营养状况调研

目的探究2014年该院职工甲状腺疾病的发病情况以及与食用碘盐、尿碘水平之间的关系。方法对该院1 086例职工进行甲状腺B超的检查,采用抽样法测得743例职工的尿碘水平,并发放碘盐摄入调查问卷,获得350例受试者食用有/无碘盐的情况,分析各因素之间的关系。结果该院1 086例职工中患甲状腺疾病共425例,发病率为39.13%;743例完成尿碘检查人群中,碘缺乏234例,碘营养适宜204例,碘超出适宜量158例,碘过量147例;350例完成碘盐摄入问卷的职工中,食用碘盐出现尿碘水平异常119例,食用无碘盐出现尿碘水平异常的139例。甲状腺疾病的发生率与尿碘水平的差异有统计学意义(P0.05),与是否食用含碘盐无相关性(P0.05)。结论甲状腺疾病的发生率与尿碘水平存在相关性,而与是否摄入含碘盐无相关性。     

冠心病合并糖尿病冠状动脉介入治疗与冠状动脉旁路移植术对比研究

目的 比较经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)支架术与冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗冠心痛合并糖尿病患者住院与临床随访结果.方法 入选2001年7月至2004年6月在DESIRE注册的1040例冠心病合并糖尿病的患者,分别接受PCI治疗和CABG治疗,对所有患者的临床情况与冠状动脉造影特征、血运重建情况、住院临床结果以及临床随访结果进行回顾性分析.结果 与CABG组相比,PCI组的院内主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)发生率较低(P＜0.01);院内病死率较低(P＜0.01);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,CABG组院内MACCE发生的风险显著高于PCI组(P=0.002).平均随访22个月,两组随访MACCE发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);PCI组再次血运重建率高于CABG组(P＜0.01).多因素Cox回归分析表明,两组随访MACCE风险差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 冠心病合并糖尿病患者PCI术后院内MACCE发生率较低,但PCI后随访再次血运重建率高于CABG.广泛应用药物洗脱支架有望改善PCI的长期结果.     

DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉瘤术中体外循环及选择性脑灌注的管理

目的探讨全主动脉弓置换术中的体外循环及深低温停循环选择性脑灌注的管理。方法 DeBakeyⅠ主动脉瘤行主动脉弓全弓置换及主动脉远端支架植入术患者14例,均行右锁骨下动脉与右心房插管建立体外循环,在全身深低温停循环(DHCA)加顺行性选择性脑灌注(ASCP)下完成主动脉远端支架植入及弓部血管吻合后,开放升主动脉恢复全身体外循环灌注。结果 14例患者手术均顺利完成,术后未见明显神经并发症,全部痊愈出院。结论选择性脑灌注能为全主动脉弓置换手术提供良好的保障。     

亲属活体供肾移植后低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂的应用

背景:亲属活体肾移植供、受者移植前准备充分,供肾热、冷缺血时间较短,HLA 配型的组织相容性好,移植后排斥反应发生率低,为亲属活体供肾肾移植后采用低剂量免疫抑制剂方案提供了可能性.目的:探讨亲属活体供肾移植后低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂的安全性和有效性.方法:选取2006-01/2008-06 在南京医科大学第一附属医院肾移植中心行亲属活体供肾移植的受者38 例,移植后常规使用环孢素A/他克莫司+吗替麦考酚酯+泼尼松的三联免疫抑制方案.将38 例患者随机分为两组:CNI 常规剂量组(n=18),移植后初始药物剂量为环孢素A 6 mg/(kg·d)或他克莫司0.12 mg/(kg·d);CNI 低剂量组(n=20),术后初始药物剂量为环孢素A 4 mg/(kg·d)或他克莫司0.08 mg/(kg·d);两组吗替麦考酚酯和泼尼松使用剂量相同.移植后密切随访,比较两组患者移植后不同时期的肾功能以及急性排斥反应、肺部感染、肝功能损害、肾毒性等并发症的发生情况.结果与结论:随访12 个月,CNI 常规剂量组重度肺部感染死亡1 例,CNI 低剂量组无死亡病例.两组移植肾功能及急性排斥反应发生率比较差异均无显著性意义(P ＞ 0.05);CNI 低剂量组肝功能损害、钙调蛋白酶抑制剂肾毒性发生率显著低于CNI 常规剂量组(P ＜ 0.05).此外,采用低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂免疫抑制方案明显减轻了亲属肾移植患者的经济负担.说明亲属活体供肾移植后采用低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂的免疫抑制剂方案安全、有效.     

醒脑静联合纳洛酮治疗急性重度乙醇中毒的临床观察

目的探讨醒脑静注射液联合盐酸纳洛酮注射液两种药物应用治疗急性重度乙醇中毒的疗效。方法治疗组26例采用醒脑静注射液联合盐酸纳洛酮注射液，对照组22例采用盐酸纳洛酮注射液，其他常规治疗相同，比较两组平均催醒时间和平均呼吸改善时间等指标。结果治疗两组意识转清醒时间（P≤0．05）和平均呼吸改善时间及酒后症状消失时间均短于单用纳洛酮组，两组比较差异均有非常显著性（P≤0．01）。结论醒脑静注射液和盐酸纳洛酮注射液两种药物联合应用治疗急性重度乙醇中毒，疗效明显优于单用盐酸纳洛酮注射液，能明显缩短患者催醒时间和呼吸改善时间及酒后症状消失，提高抢救成功率，临床应用安全、副作用少，值得推广应用。