亲属活体供肾移植后低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂的应用

背景:亲属活体肾移植供、受者移植前准备充分,供肾热、冷缺血时间较短,HLA 配型的组织相容性好,移植后排斥反应发生率低,为亲属活体供肾肾移植后采用低剂量免疫抑制剂方案提供了可能性.目的:探讨亲属活体供肾移植后低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂的安全性和有效性.方法:选取2006-01/2008-06 在南京医科大学第一附属医院肾移植中心行亲属活体供肾移植的受者38 例,移植后常规使用环孢素A/他克莫司+吗替麦考酚酯+泼尼松的三联免疫抑制方案.将38 例患者随机分为两组:CNI 常规剂量组(n=18),移植后初始药物剂量为环孢素A 6 mg/(kg·d)或他克莫司0.12 mg/(kg·d);CNI 低剂量组(n=20),术后初始药物剂量为环孢素A 4 mg/(kg·d)或他克莫司0.08 mg/(kg·d);两组吗替麦考酚酯和泼尼松使用剂量相同.移植后密切随访,比较两组患者移植后不同时期的肾功能以及急性排斥反应、肺部感染、肝功能损害、肾毒性等并发症的发生情况.结果与结论:随访12 个月,CNI 常规剂量组重度肺部感染死亡1 例,CNI 低剂量组无死亡病例.两组移植肾功能及急性排斥反应发生率比较差异均无显著性意义(P ＞ 0.05);CNI 低剂量组肝功能损害、钙调蛋白酶抑制剂肾毒性发生率显著低于CNI 常规剂量组(P ＜ 0.05).此外,采用低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂免疫抑制方案明显减轻了亲属肾移植患者的经济负担.说明亲属活体供肾移植后采用低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂的免疫抑制剂方案安全、有效.     

DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉瘤术中体外循环及选择性脑灌注的管理

目的探讨全主动脉弓置换术中的体外循环及深低温停循环选择性脑灌注的管理。方法 DeBakeyⅠ主动脉瘤行主动脉弓全弓置换及主动脉远端支架植入术患者14例,均行右锁骨下动脉与右心房插管建立体外循环,在全身深低温停循环(DHCA)加顺行性选择性脑灌注(ASCP)下完成主动脉远端支架植入及弓部血管吻合后,开放升主动脉恢复全身体外循环灌注。结果 14例患者手术均顺利完成,术后未见明显神经并发症,全部痊愈出院。结论选择性脑灌注能为全主动脉弓置换手术提供良好的保障。     

曲尼司特对环孢素A诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质转变的抑制作用

目的 研究曲尼司特(Tran)对环孢素A(CsA)诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)向间充质转变的影响,并探讨该药抗纤维化的机制.方法 所有用于实验的HK-2细胞株均为8～12代细胞,分为4组:(1)空白对照组,收获细胞,不做任何处理;(2)CsA组,加入4.2μmol/LCsA;(3)CsA+Tran组,预先加入100μmol/L Tran,作用2 h后再加入4.2 μmol/L CsA;(4)Tran组,仅加入100μmol/L Tran.72 h后于共聚焦显微镜下观察各组细胞形态学变化;用免疫荧光法以及免疫印迹法检测各组钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、平滑肌肌动蛋白α(α-SMA)和骨桥蛋白(OPN)的表达.结果 HK-2细胞在正常情况下表现为典型的"鹅卵石"样形态,细胞圆钝,且与邻近的细胞连接较为紧密;空白对照组和Tran组细胞表现为典型的HK-2细胞形态;CsA组细胞变狭长,甚至向周边伸出"伪足"样改变,细胞间连接较为稀疏;CsA+Tran组的细胞形态学改变有明显改善.CsA组细胞E-cadherin荧光表达强度明显弱于对照组,α-SMA、OPN荧光表达强于对照组;CsA+Tran组细胞E-cadherin荧光表达强于CsA组,α-SMA、OPN荧光表达弱于CsA组.免疫印迹检查中,CsA组细胞E-cadherin 的表达明显低于对照组,而α-SMA、OPN的表达明显高于对照组,CsA+Tran组细胞E-cadherin的表达高于CsA组,而α-SMA、OPN的表达低于CsA组.结论 曲尼司特能抑制CsA诱导的HK-2细胞由肾小管上皮向间充质细胞转化的过程,其机制可能与抑制OPN的表达有关.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effect of tranilast on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal tubular epithelial cells, and investigate the mechanism of its antifibrotic effect. Methods Cultured HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: (1)In the control group, cells were treated without any medicine; (2) The cell were treated with CsA (4. 2μmol/L) for 72 h; (3) The cells were treated with a combination of CsA (4. 2 μmol/L) and tranilast (100μmol/L); (4) The cells were treated with tranilast (100 μmol/L) alone for 72 h.Morphological changes of the cells were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. The immunofluorescence and Western blotting were adopted to detect the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and OPN mRNA and proteins respectively. Results Tranilast could markedly ameliorate the morphological changes of HK-2 cells stimulated by CsA. The irmmunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of E-cadherin was markedly decreased in HK-2 cells stimulated with CsA for 72 as compared with the control group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN was significantly higher in CsA group than the control group. The expression of E-cadherin in the CsA + Tranilast group was higher than the CsA group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN in the CsA + Tranilast group was lower than the CsA group. Western blotting showed that protein expression level of E-cadherin in CsA group was dramatically lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 05), while that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA group was significantly higher than in the control group (P＜0.05). The protein expression level of E-cadherin in HK-2 cells in the CsA + Tranilast group was markedly higher than in the CsA group (P＜0.05), and that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA + Tranilast group was significantly lower than in the CsA group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Tranilast can block the CsA-induced epithelialto-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells probably by suppressing the expression of OPN.     

改良经腹腔途径腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术的临床研究

Objective To evaluate the technique and clinical outcomes of modified transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Methods A total of 105 patients received the operation with age ranging from 51 to 73 years from January 2008 to June 2010. Mean level of serum prostate specific antigen was 13. 6 μg/L and mean prostatic volume was 45 ml. Pathological studies of biopsy confirmed the prostate carcinoma with Gleason score 6-8. Radionuclide bone scan revealed no metastasis. Based on previously retroperitoneal radical prostatectomy, modified technique was applied involving surgical approach, bladder neck dissection and vesicourethral anastomosis. Results Mean operative time was 93 min (65-150 min).Intraoperative blood loss was 115 ml (50-400 ml). No complication of bowl injury occurred. Positive surgical margin was present in 24 patients. Normal continence were seen in 64 patients after catheter removed. Recovery of incontinence within 3 months was seen in 33 patients and 3 to 12 months in 5 patients respectively. Three patients with incontinence were still in the follow-up. Conclusions Transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy provides large working space and clear anatomic exposure. Higher efficiency and lower complication rate are obtained through modified laparoscopic technique involving seminal vesicle isolation, bladder neck dissection and vesicourethral anastomosis.     

曲尼司特对环孢素A诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质转变的抑制作用

Objective To study the effect of tranilast on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal tubular epithelial cells, and investigate the mechanism of its antifibrotic effect. Methods Cultured HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: (1)In the control group, cells were treated without any medicine; (2) The cell were treated with CsA (4. 2μmol/L) for 72 h; (3) The cells were treated with a combination of CsA (4. 2 μmol/L) and tranilast (100μmol/L); (4) The cells were treated with tranilast (100 μmol/L) alone for 72 h.Morphological changes of the cells were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. The immunofluorescence and Western blotting were adopted to detect the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and OPN mRNA and proteins respectively. Results Tranilast could markedly ameliorate the morphological changes of HK-2 cells stimulated by CsA. The irmmunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of E-cadherin was markedly decreased in HK-2 cells stimulated with CsA for 72 as compared with the control group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN was significantly higher in CsA group than the control group. The expression of E-cadherin in the CsA + Tranilast group was higher than the CsA group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN in the CsA + Tranilast group was lower than the CsA group. Western blotting showed that protein expression level of E-cadherin in CsA group was dramatically lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 05), while that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA group was significantly higher than in the control group (P＜0.05). The protein expression level of E-cadherin in HK-2 cells in the CsA + Tranilast group was markedly higher than in the CsA group (P＜0.05), and that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA + Tranilast group was significantly lower than in the CsA group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Tranilast can block the CsA-induced epithelialto-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells probably by suppressing the expression of OPN.     

七氟烷、丙泊酚麻醉对心脏瓣膜置换手术患者心肌损伤标志物影响的研究

目的比较全程吸入七氟烷或靶控输注丙泊酚两种麻醉方法在心脏瓣膜置换手术对心肌保护的效应.方法择期风湿性心脏瓣膜置换手术成人患者30例,ASA分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅱ~Ⅲ级.随机均分为七氟烷组(S组)和丙泊酚组(P组).S组患者麻醉诱导给予全凭七氟烷诱导维持;P组患者麻醉采用靶控输注丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉诱导维持,术中间断推注芬太尼、罗库溴铵,维持BIS 40~60、平均动脉血压<±20%基础平均动脉压、中心静脉压5~15 cmH2O.记录患者的一般情况,记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、主动脉插管即刻(T1)、主动脉开放后30 min(T2)、主动脉开放后6 h(T3)、主动脉开放后24 h(T4)各个时点的心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTn)I、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及乳酸(LAC)指标.结果 2组患者的一般情况、手术和麻醉经过等一般资料经统计学检验,各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患者术前的cTnI、CK、CK-MB及LAC指标均在正常范围内,在T2及T3、T4时点升高,以T3时点升高最显著(P<0.01),2组间在各个时点比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论以心肌损伤标志物心肌肌钙蛋白I为评价心肌保护效应指标,术中全程吸入七氟醚与全程丙泊酚静脉麻醉比较,两者对心肌肌钙蛋白I的释放水平的影响无差异.     

SiO2包覆壳层对Y2O3:Yb3+,Ho3+纳米粒子上转换发光性能的影响

目的:探索提高纳米粒子上转换发光的方法。方法:采用Stber方法,将SiO2壳层包覆在Y2O3:Yb3+,Ho3+纳米粒子表面;采用TEM、XRD和荧光光谱等方法研究表面包覆前后其上转换发光性能。结果:纳米粒子表面包覆SiO2壳层会改善Y2O3:Yb3+,Ho3+纳米粒子的上转换发光强度。结论:结论:SiO2包覆的Y2O3:Yb3+,Ho3+纳米粒子可作为生物荧光标记物应用于医学诊断。     

三甲医院虚拟化技术的研究与实践

医院信息系统的应用越来越复杂,医院整体业务对信息系统的依赖程度也越来越高。一家大规模的三甲医院的应用系统数量通常都不低于30个,在没有采用主机虚拟化的情况下,服务器数量一般都会超过50台。终端的台式办公电脑也一般在1000-2000台之间。采用服务器虚拟化技术,减少主机物理台数,提高主机利用率。采用桌面虚拟化技术提高数据安全性,降低终端维护强度,实现移动办公与医疗。     

电针治疗中风后抑郁的临床研究

目的本研究观察电针治疗中风后抑郁(PSD)在临床中的疗效.方法将60例患者按PSD纳入标准随机分为治疗组、对照组各30例.治疗组给予电针治疗,以百会、印堂为主穴,辨证施针.对照组给予百忧解20mg,每日1次,口服,疗程均为4周.两组患者均在治疗前及治疗后各用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、中医症候量表进行评分,评价疗效.结果1.治疗组患者治疗前后HAMD量表评分比较具有极显著性差异(P<0.01),临床疗效肯定.2.治疗组患者治疗前后中医症候量表评分比较具有极显著性差异(P<0.01),临床疗效肯定.3.治疗组与对照组均有较好临床疗效,无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论百会印堂为主穴电针针刺是治疗中风后抑郁的有效方法,可明显改善中风后抑郁的中医症候和抑郁状态.     

一步法快诊霍乱技术现场应用的效果观察

本文报告“霍乱一步法快诊试剂”在国内部分地区现场应用及与常规分离鉴定法的比较结果。共观察了 79份粪便标本直接使用“一步法快诊”的检测结果及 47份标本增菌 6 - 8小时后同样用该法的检测结果。现场考查表明 ,一步快诊法适用于检查急性期病人 ,从粪便标本中不仅能查出活菌 ,还能检查就诊前服用过抗菌药物的患者 ,其检出率高于常规培养法 (χ2 =17 2 5P <0 0 0 5 ) ;而增菌后标本的一步快诊法能得到和常规法完全相同的特异性与敏感性 ,可用于检定轻型病人和健康带菌者 ,但比常规法简便、快速。