盐胁迫对甜樱桃“吉塞拉”砧木光合指标的影响

以甜樱桃砧木“吉塞拉6号”(G6)、“吉塞拉5号”(G5)、Y1和B5的1a生盆栽实生苗为试材,探讨了不同浓度NaCl处理对其光合指标的影响.结果表明:盐胁迫影响了“吉塞拉”砧木的光合色素含量、光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数.随着NaCl处理浓度增加和处理时间延长,各试材的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、实际原初光能转化效率(φPSⅡ)和表观电子传递速率(ETR)显著下降,其中B5的下降趋势相对平缓.盐胁迫对“吉塞拉”砧木的效应既有处理间差异,又有品种间差异.轻中度盐胁迫(3‰ NaCl和6‰NaCl处理前中期)并未明显抑制各试材的PSⅡ活性,重度盐胁迫导致各试材PSⅡ受损,光合受到抑制.比较而言,B5的抗盐性优于其它3种试材.     

辣椒抗疫病砧木新品种辽椒砧3的选育

辽椒砧3是以CMS雄性不育系A1142-3为母本,以回交转育获得的恢复系1231-5为父本配制而成的抗疫病辣椒砧木品种.植株生长势强,根系发达,果实短牛角形,纵径8.1～9.2 cm,横径2.7～3.2 cm,单果质量27～35 g,青熟果绿色,老熟果红色,辣度中等,种子千粒重5.8～6.2 g.辽椒砧3与辣椒的嫁接亲...     

卡里佐枳橙在中国的生产适应性调查与比较研究

卡里佐枳橙是重要的柑橘砧木,在世界范围内广泛应用。20世纪90年代作为一种新砧木被引进我国并在部分地区用于柑橘生产。为了全面了解卡里佐枳橙在我国的生产表现,本研究采用田间观察和问询相结合的方法在全国6个柑橘主产省16个区（县）30多个果园开展了嫁接亲和性、早结丰产性、抗逆性等方面的调查。在重庆和广西两个不同的生态类型共三个试验点、分别对嫁接在卡里佐枳橙和枳砧上的梁平柚和纽荷尔脐橙等两个不同接穗品种开展了连续三年在树体、产量、结果效率和果实品质等园艺学性状方面的系统比较。结果显示,总体上讲卡里佐枳橙的嫁接亲和性较好,但与红江橙和无籽柠檬嫁接后表现出明显的不亲和;早结丰产性好,树势旺,结果效率不如枳砧高;果实品质优良,与枳砧相比无显著性差异。在抗逆性方面,卡里佐枳橙对裂皮病、天牛比较敏感,对碱性土壤比较敏感,容易导致叶片缺铁黄化。本研究将对我国柑橘砧木的选择以及以卡里佐枳橙砧果园的田间管理提供参考和指导。     

Sap flow in ‘Hass’ avocado trees on two clonal rootstocks in relation to xylem anatomy

The rates of sap flow and xylem vessel features were studied in two-year-old nongrafted and grafted avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees. Daily sap flow rates were measured with heat and balance stem gauges in clonal Duke 7 (D7) and Toro Canyon (TC) trees and ‘Hass’ clonal scions grafted onto clonal D7 (H/D7) and TC (H/TC) rootstocks. Vessel features as size, number and total vessel area were determined histologically in the stem of the scion and rootstock and the roots of the grafted trees. Significant differences in the sap flow rate were found among the rootstocks, where D7 had a 29% higher sap flow rate than did TC (grafted and nongrafted trees). There were no differences among xylem vessel features in the stems of any of the varieties. However in the roots, D7 had wider and fewer vessels then TC do. Also, D7 had a 19% higher total vessel area than TC. These results suggest that the differences in water consumption of ‘Hass’ on different rootstocks may be associated with differences in the efficiency of the roots to absorb water across conductive tissue which may be linked to differences in the area of xylem vessels in the root.     

Screening of cold-resistant seedlings of a Chinese wild grape (Vitis piasezkii Maxim var. pagnucii) native to loess plateau of eastern Gansu province,China, as rootstocks

Seedlings of a Chinese wild grape (Vitis piasezkii Maxim var. pagnucii) native to loess plateau of Eastern Gansu province, China, were evaluated to screen cold-resistant rootstocks in Lanzhou area. After 14-year investigation two selections of LDP-191and LDP-294 were screened as rootstocks for two table grape cultivars, ‘Fujiminori’ and ‘Red Globe’, respectively. The two graft unions demonstrated very high cold-resistance as well as good graft compatibility. Furthermore, they could survive through low temperatures in winter without soil coverage together with good fruit quality of the cultivars grafted.     

黄瓜嫁接砧木用南瓜新品种‘绿洲天使’

 ‘绿洲天使’是由引自日本的南瓜自交系‘98-6-2-1-3-1-2-2’与引自印度的南瓜自交系‘99-12-2-4-1-1-3’配制而成的黄瓜砧木用南瓜新品种。该品种嫁接亲和力好, 嫁接苗抗枯萎病能力强, 耐低温弱光能力好, 产量高, 嫁接黄瓜品质优良, 适宜全国各地日光温室、大棚及露地黄瓜嫁接栽培。     

半根供铁对苹果砧木幼苗生长的影响

利用分根技术在水培条件下研究了半根供铁对苹果砧木幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,一半根系供铁不仅未影响植株对铁营养的需求,甚至在处理初期植株的铁吸收总量和铁吸收速率还略有提高。一半根系供铁苹果砧木小金海堂和山定子叶片活性铁质量分数均未降低,而且与对照相比无叶片黄化的现象。因此,通过半根供铁的方式来改善苹果砧木幼苗的生长,为进一步研究砧木缺铁适应性反应的调控部位打下基础,也为今后缺铁的矫正和提高铁素利用效率提供了一条新的思路。     

Rootstock influence on ‘delicious’ and ‘golden delicious’ apple fruit quality at harvest and after storage

The influence of 9 rootstocks (M2, M7, M25, M26, MM104, MM106, MM109, MM111 and seedling) on fruit quality at harvest and after storage of ‘Wellspur Delicious’ (WS) and ‘Goldspur’ (GS), and of 3 rootstocks (M7, M26 and MM106) on fruit quality of ‘Red King Delicious’ (RK) and ‘Golden Delicious’ (GD) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) was evaluated during a 4-year period. Fruits from trees on M26 were larger, developed earlier color and soluble solids (SS), and maintained higher levels of acidity (at harvest and during storage) in comparison with other rootstocks. Fruit from trees on M2 tended to have high SS. Fruit color from trees on MM104, MM106 and MM109 tended to be comparatively poor. There were significant rootstock effects on SS, starch, acidity, color, circumference, weight and box size.     

不同砧木伏令夏橙对土壤pH值的适应性

本试验研究了紫色土pH值对枳砧、红桔砧和香橙砧伏令夏橙吸收Fe、叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶活性以及植株生长的影响。结果表明,香橙砧最耐碱;红桔砧其次;枳砧最不耐碱;而耐酸性无大差异。其最适pH依次为6.2、5.7、5.7,pH8时的生长量相当最适pH时的84、50、38％。香橙很有希望在四川作pH>6.5的紫色土柑桔园的砧木。pH4时的生长量依次相当最适pH时的74、71、67％,枳仍是酸性土壤的最优砧木。     

山楂枝皮过氧化物酶同功酶及嫁接亲和力初探

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法检测了山楂属植物5个种11个品种枝皮的过氧化物酶同功酶,结果得知:山楂属植物枝皮过氧化物酶同功酶分2大酶区,有4条特征性谱带,种间差异较大,品种间差异较小。嫁接后不同砧,穗组合的过氧化物酶同功酶酶谱基本稳定,但随组合不同而有一定的变化。砧,穗过氧化物酶同功酶相同值越大,嫁接亲和力越强。同时对4个种,11个品种的44个组合进行了嫁接亲和力预测。