弱光胁迫对不同砧木西瓜嫁接苗生长及生理指标的影响

[目的]分析不同砧木西瓜嫁接苗在弱光胁迫下的生长及生理指标差异,为筛选耐弱光西瓜嫁接砧木提供参考依据.[方法]选择4份葫芦(编号分别为H07、H08、H09和H10)和1份野生西瓜(编号为X02)为砧木,以黑公子西瓜为接穗,在正常光照(8000 1x)和两种弱光(4000和20001x)条件下,测定接穗自根嫁接苗(XZ)和砧木嫁接苗的接穗高度、茎粗、叶面积、叶绿素含量、叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性及叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量等生长、生理指标,用隶属函数法和聚类分析法对不同砧木嫁接苗的耐弱光性进行综合评价.[结果]弱光处理后14 d,不同砧木西瓜嫁接苗的生长、生理指标表现不同,其中H07和H10嫁接苗生长较健壮,叶片POD活性和MDA含量显著高于其他砧木嫁接苗和XZ(P<0.05,下同),叶片质膜氧化程度较低;X02的嫁接苗生长较弱,叶片POD活性低、MDA含量高.在4000 1x弱光条件下,不同砧木西瓜嫁接苗的耐弱光性排序为H 10>H07>H08>H09>X02;在2000 1x弱光条件下,不同砧木西瓜嫁接苗的耐弱光性排序为H07>H10>H09>H08>X02.[结论]不同砧木西瓜嫁接苗的耐弱光性差异明显,葫芦砧木嫁接苗的耐弱光性优于野生西瓜砧木,其中H10和H07因其嫁接苗的耐弱光性表现最佳,可作为西瓜耐弱光砧木或耐弱光瓜类砧木育种种质资源使用.     

八棱海棠耐盐碱性评价

为探明八棱海棠的耐盐碱性种质资源价值,以实生苗为试材,采用水培的方法评价了八棱海棠耐盐性和耐碱性.结果表明:1)0.4％ NaCI处理30 d时,八棱海棠的盐害指数为51.1,根据耐盐性评价标准判定为中等耐盐型树种;其实生个体间存在广泛的抗性分离现象,极强、强、中、弱和极弱耐盐型植株分别占群体总数的20.6％、23.9％、37.0％、12.0％和6.5％.2)pH9.5碱处理(Na2CO3)30 d时,八棱海棠的碱害指数为16.3,根据耐碱性评价标准判定为极强耐碱型树种;其实生个体间存在广泛的抗性分离现象,极强、强、中、弱和极弱耐碱型植株分别占群体总数的79.1％、15.3％、4.2％、1.4％和0％.八棱海棠中存在极强耐盐型和极强耐碱型植株,是优异的耐盐/碱型种质资源树种.     

氮素形态对不同苹果砧木幼苗生长的影响

【目的】研究不同形态氮素对4种常见苹果砧木幼苗生长的影响,探讨苹果砧木对不同形态氮素的利用情况。【方法】以西府海棠(M.micromalus Hemsl)、新疆野苹果(M.sievesii(Ledeb)Roem)、富平楸子(M.pruni-folia(Willd)Borkh)和平邑甜茶(M.hupehensis(pamp)Rehd)等4种常见苹果砧木为试材,采用水培的方法,研究铵态氮(NH4+-N,3.0mmol/L(NH4)2SO4)、硝态氮(NO3--N,2.5mmol/L KNO3和1.735mmol/L Ca(NO3)2)及铵态氮+硝态氮(NH4+-N+NO3--N,其中1.5mmol/L(NH4)2SO4和1.5mmol/L NH4NO3的浓度比为3∶1)3种氮素处理下苹果砧木幼苗生物量、叶绿素含量、根系活力和植物全氮含量的变化情况。【结果】不同形态氮素对4种苹果砧木幼苗生长的影响有明显差异,其中长势最好、生物量和植株全氮含量均最高的是平邑甜茶;西府海棠的叶绿素含量、植株全氮含量及干质量均较低。4种苹果砧木幼苗的根系活力均表现为硝态氮处理>铵态氮+硝态氮处理>铵态氮处理。3种处理中,铵态氮+硝态氮处理时4种砧木根系中的全氮含量均最高。对于平邑甜茶,铵态氮和硝态氮处理的干质量较高,且均显著高于铵态氮+硝态氮处理;对于富平楸子,以硝态氮处理的干质量高于铵态氮处理和铵态氮+硝态氮处理;对于西府海棠和新疆野苹果,不同氮素处理的生物量无显著差异。【结论】不同形态氮素对4种苹果砧木幼苗生长的影响不同,综合分析认为,硝态氮对苹果砧木幼苗生长较为有利。     

Various Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Dry Weights,P and Zn Uptake of Four Pistacia Species

Pistacia is a common wild plant in the Southeast Anatolia part of Turkey. The experiment was planned to screen and select the most suitable arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) for enhancing Pistacia species seedling growth by improving phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) uptake. This study was carried out under greenhouse condition at the Department of Soil Science, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. Two genotypes from each of P. vera (cvs ‘Siirt’ and ‘Kirmizi’), P. eurycarpa, P. atlantica, and P. terebinthus species were tested with ten different mycorrhizal species. Plants were grown in a growth medium with a mixture of sand, soil and compost with 6:3:1 ratio, respectively. Seedling plants were harvested after eight months and transplanted to pots. There were significant differences between Pistacia species in growth, nutrient uptake and the percentage of mycorrhizal infection. Also mycorrhizal species were different in terms of enhancing plant growth and nutrient uptake. The results were that Siirt, Genotype 08, 11, 13, and 14 gave a high response to the mycorrhizal inoculation and Glomus clarium gave the best improvements in growth and nutrition, resulting in greater plant biomass and Zn and P uptake. Following this, G. etunicatum, G. intraradices, G. caledonium, and G. mosseae species were effective species. In general, G. mosseae and G. fasciculatum mycorrhizae enhanced plant growth; G. clarium was the most efficient species in terms of P and Zn uptake.

It has been concluded that these mycorrhizae species significantly enhance the Pistacia plant growth and nutrient uptake. Also using AM fungi in the pistachio nursery should be taken into consideration for better seedling production. Further work needs to be done to determine how much inoculum is needed for sufficient inoculation and how the mycorrhizal seedlings can be adapted under field conditions especially under drought and high calcareous marginal soil conditions.     

LEAF MINERAL COMPOSITION OF ‘NOVA’, ‘ROBINSON’ AND ‘FREMONT’ MANDARIN CULTIVARS ON DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS

Rootstock selection has a critical importance for mineral nutrition of budded cultivars. This study was conducted at the experimental farm of Mustafa Kemal University, Dörtyol, Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sour orange, Troyer and Carrizo citrange rootstocks on the leaf nutrient contents of ‘Nova’, ‘Robinson’, and ‘Fremont’ mandarin cultivars in the 2004 and 2005 growing seasons. Carrizo citrange was examined for nitrogen (N), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and manganese (Mn); Troyer citrange for iron (Fe); and sour orange for calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) were superior on the others. Nitrogen, phosphorus (P) and Mg levels of mandarin leaf budded on sour orange were under or just above the deficiency threshold. Potassium, Mn, and Zn content of ‘Robinson’; P, Ca and Fe content of ‘Fremont’; and Cu content of ‘Nova’ were statistically higher. Therefore, it can be concluded that Carrizo rootstock may be suggested for the region and regions with similar ecological conditions.     

Comparative growth of two peach seedling rootstocks under alkaline soil conditions

An almond X peach seed line, ‘Titan’ X Nemaguard (T X NG), which is tolerant to lime‐induced chlorosis, was compared to a susceptible seedling rootstock, Nemared, under alkaline conditions. The tolerant rootstock's growth was not affected by Fe stress, whereas the susceptible rootstock showed chlorosis which corresponded to approximately a 20% chlorophyll loss in the new foliage during the 18‐week stress period, a 62% decrease in shoot dry weight and a 22% decrease in plant height.     

缺硼条件下两种不同砧木“纽荷尔”脐橙矿质元素含量变化的比较

采用溶液培养试验,研究了缺硼对两种不同砧木纽荷尔脐橙硼、锌、钙、镁和钾元素含量变化。结果表明,缺硼显著降低了枳壳砧木纽荷尔脐橙体内硼含量而对锌含量影响不大; 相反,缺硼对枳橙砧木脐橙体内硼含量的影响不是很大,而显著降低了其叶片中锌的含量。这可能是缺硼条件下枳壳砧木脐橙容易出现缺硼症状,而枳橙砧木脐橙容易出现缺锌症状的原因之一。与对照相比,缺硼处理的枳壳砧木脐橙叶的钙含量明显增加; 而根的钾含量明显高于枳橙砧木橙根。这些结果与枳壳砧木脐橙对硼更敏感有一定的关系。缺硼对镁含量的影响两种砧木间基本没有差异。     

枣属砧木选育扦插生根试验

选择部分酸枣实生树、枣实生树和枣品种树进行扦插试验,为配置适宜的砧穗组合、选育一批适应枣树主栽品种的优良砧木提供依据。结果表明,33个枣属砧木类型中有30个具有扦插生根能力,占砧木总数的90.9%。酸枣实生树平均生根率43.42%,枣实生树平均生根率62.59%,枣品种平均生根率37.02%。选定13个生根率达到50%以上的砧木类型,作为重点选育对象。生根率与树龄密切相关,3～4年生树生根率显著高于6～7年生树,极显著高于15～17年生树。枝龄也是影响生根的重要因素,在扦插的15个枣品种中,有86.66%的品种当年生枝生根,有73.33%的品种多年生枝不生根,当年生枝平均生根率为25.07%,多年生枝平均生根率为7.35%。     

豆梨和杜梨叶片多胺代谢与高温胁迫关系的探讨

以杜梨和豆梨实生苗为试材,比较45℃温度处理下两种砧木叶片落叶率的变化,以及30和45℃温度处理后供试材料叶片内源多胺种类、形态和含量变化。结果表明:豆梨达到65%落叶率的时间比杜梨早8d;两种砧木叶片中均存在腐胺、己二胺、亚精胺和精胺;杜梨叶片游离态和结合态腐胺含量显著高于豆梨;处理16d后,豆梨游离态腐胺含量快速下降至10nmol·g-1以下,与平均落叶率达到65%所需时间一致。表明多胺代谢变化与供试材料的耐高温胁迫能力有密切关系,高温胁迫使得两种砧木叶片游离态和结合态腐胺含量逐步下降,并且导致游离态亚精胺和精胺含量增加,其中杜梨增加幅度更大。     

法国进境葡萄砧木中啤酒花矮化类病毒的检测与序列分析

为检测法国进境葡萄砧木中啤酒花矮化类病毒（Hop stunt viroid,HSVd）,对其进行了RT-PCR检测及序列测定,并构建系统进化树比较了不同地域来源HSVd间的分子差异性。结果表明基于HSVd基因序列设计合成的1对引物能够扩增出302 bp大小的目标片段,而健康植株无此扩增产物。法国葡萄砧木中检出的HSVd分离物,与国内外已报道毒株的核酸序列同源性达90%~97%,与已报道的HSVd全基因组序列间差异较小,表明HSVd的序列变异与地域、寄主等无明显相关性。