Investigations Into Equine Transport-Related Problem Behaviors: Survey Results

Transport-related problem behaviors (TRPBs) in horses are an animal welfare concern, and many training methods in loading/travelling have been recommended to reduce their incidence. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of TRPB and training methods in Australia and to identify risks for and consequences of TRPB. An online survey was conducted, and respondents reported whether and how they trained horses for loading and/or travelling. They were also asked whether their horses suffered from transport-related problem behaviors or injuries, the industry sector in which they participated and details of the vehicle used for transport. TRPB were classified into preloading, loading, travelling (TPB), and unloading. Training methods were classified into operant conditioning (OC), self-loading (SL), habituation (H), and no training (NT). TRPB were reported by 38.0% of respondents, mainly at loading and travelling. Although 43.5% of respondents did not train their horses, OC, H, and SL were applied by 25.5%, 20.2%, and 10.8%, respectively. In 98% of cases, OC was applied by negative reinforcement/positive punishment. Training method was identified as a risk factor for all types of TRPB: their odds were higher in horses trained by OC and NT compared to SL and H. Racing horses were at high risk of TPB (P < .001). Two-horse straight float was associated with a higher risk of preloading (P = .018) and loading problem behaviors (P = .007) and injuries (P = .022). While loading and travelling problems were a risk factor for transport-related injuries, H and SL reduced this risk. These training approaches are recommended to safeguard horse welfare during transport.     

信息技术培训:为现代农业发展增加智力投入——以江苏省为例

2007年中央明确提出用信息技术装备农业,对于加快改造传统农业,推进现代农业建设具有重要意义。加快农业信息化建设,离不开科技支撑和人才队伍。笔者全面回顾了江苏省农业信息技术培训的发展历程,分析了存在问题和困难,并提出解决问题的对策和建议。     

Perceptions of transcatheter device closure of patent ductus arteriosus in veterinary cardiology and evaluation of a canine model to simulate device placement: a preliminary study

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a canine patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) model developed for practicing device placement and to determine practices and perceptions regarding transcatheter closure of PDA from the veterinary cardiology community.

家庭农场主创新创业培训的实践与思考

通过分析家庭农场主创新创业能力提升的现实背景,阐述了温州科技职业学院招生、培养、服务一体,群星计划、精英计划、创业团队阶梯式成长的创新创业培训新模式,提出构建"学历资质、职业技术能力、创新创业能力、可持续发展能力"四位一体的家庭农场主创新创业培训支持系统、"多维协同"的家庭农场主创新创业培训支撑平台、创新创业能力扶持政策等思路,从而促成家庭农场主创新创业的提升机制。     

热带滨海型园林景观设计人才培养体系的重构与实践

根据广东海洋大学地处热带、濒临南海的区位特征及海洋学科的办学特色,突出热带滨海型景观设计人才的培养目标。分析了园林专业教学改革基础及建设成效,由此研究了热带滨海型景观设计人才培养体系的重构策略,即优化人才培养方案,推进人才培养模式改革,加强教学师资团队建设,整合课程教学资源,强化并创新实践教学环节,健全严格的教学管理制度等。实践成果表明,广东海洋大学新型园林专业人才培养的特色办学思路成效显著。     

创新实践型包装工程与设计专业人才培养研究

针对现有包装工程与设计专业培养模式存在的问题进行分析,提出了包装工程与设计专业创新实践型人才培养模式,并探讨了该模式的改革思路、构建原则、创新性培养思路及课程体系的构建。     

Salivary Cortisol Concentration in Exercised Thoroughbred Horses

Both physical activity and stress result in an increase in plasma cortisol level. The measurement of cortisol in plasma requires taking blood samples, which is stressful itself. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of saliva sampling for the determination of cortisol concentrations, indicating the intensity of exercise in horses during race training. Twelve Thoroughbred horses aged 2-3 years were examined during their speed training sessions. The horses galloped on the 1,200-m sand track at a speed of 14.4-15.3 m/s. Three saliva samples and three blood samples were collected from each horse. Both types of samples were taken when the horse was at rest, immediately after returning from the track and 30 minutes after the end of exercise. Blood lactic acid (LA) concentration was determined using the enzymatic cuvette test. The concentrations of cortisol in saliva and plasma samples were measured by enzyme immunoassay methods. Statistically significant correlations were found between salivary cortisol level determined 30 minutes after the end of exercise and blood LA concentration obtained immediately after exercise (P = .003) and between salivary and plasma cortisol levels measured 30 minutes after the end of training session (P = .015). The measurement of cortisol concentration in saliva samples taken from race horses 30 minutes after the end of exercise can be recommended for use in practice under field conditions to estimate the level of relative intensity of exercise in race horses.     

竞技体育后备人才培养创新理论研究

研究主要采用比较分析法,通过对广州竞技体育后备人才培养模式的案例分析,探讨如何在“举国体制”的框架下,改革和创新我国竞技体育后备人才培养模式,其目的是论证在新形势下如何构建“以人为本”的、科学发展的、全面统筹的、适宜高水平竞技体育后备人才成长的培养模式,使我国竞技体育后备人才的培养纳入系统化、可持续发展的轨道。     

高校培养优秀运动员存在的问题与发展对策研究

采用文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查、逻辑分析以及数理统计等研究方法,对教育部2012年认定的 招收田径、篮球、乒乓球高水平运动员以及运动训练专业运动员的高校现行培养优秀运动员存在问题进行 研究,经过与美国大学培养优秀运动员体制进行对比分析,结果表明,现行我国培养优秀运动员的课程培 养体制不健全;训练经费不足,来源单一;学训矛盾严重;建议我国高校领导加大重视力度,提高关注度 ,积极发挥大体协的作用;走高校竞技体育产业化道路;调整竞赛体制,提高竞赛水平,正确处理训练和 文化学习的关系等。     

基于“学研产”结合的“动物繁殖学”教学改革实践

“动物繁殖学”是研究畜禽繁殖规律和繁殖技术的科学,是动物科学专业的必修基础课。为满足现代畜牧业生产对动物科学专业人才培养的新要求,针对“动物繁殖学”内容丰富、知识更新快、实践性强的特点,南京农业大学动物繁殖教研室探索出了以科研促教学、以生产实践促教学“学研产”结合教学改革模式,为高等农业院校课程教学改革提供借鉴。