知母中的两种新呋甾皂苷

目的研究知母根茎的化学成分。方法采用水煎提取、大孔吸附树脂SP825柱色谱、反相C₁₈柱色谱等进行分离，并通过化学手段和光谱分析(FAB-MS，¹H NMR，13C NMR，¹H-¹H COSY)鉴定其化学结构。结果从知母根茎中分离得到6种甾体皂苷，分别鉴定为：(25S)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-22-羟基-5β-呋甾-2β，3β，26-三醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(知母皂苷N，1)，知母皂苷E_l(2)，(25S)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-22-甲氧基-5β-呋甾-2β，3β，26-三醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(知母皂苷O，3)，知母皂苷E₂(4)，(25R)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-22-羟基-5α-呋甾-2α，3β，26-三醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(1→2)-［β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)］-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(purpureagitosid，5)，marcogenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside (6)。结论化合物1和3为新化合物，命名为知母皂苷N和知母皂苷O，化合物5为首次从知母中分离得到。     

虎眼万年青的化学成分

目的：研究栽培于长白山区的虎眼万年青Ornithogalum caudatum Ait全草的化学成分。 方法：用各种色谱技术进行分离和纯化,用ESIMS,IR,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,DEPT,¹H-¹H COSY, ¹H-¹³C COSY, HMBC和NOESY等波谱数据分析鉴定结构。结果：从虎眼万年青全草中分离得到3个化合物,其中化合物I为新化合物,其结构鉴定为（25S, 23S, 24S）-螺甾-Δ⁵⁽⁶⁾-烯-1β, 3β,23,24-四醇-1-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-（1→2） ［β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)］-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(I),另外2个已知化合物为海柯皂苷元-3-O-{β- D-吡喃葡糖基（1→2）-［β-D-吡喃木糖基（1→3）］-β-D-吡喃葡糖基（1→4）-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷}(II)和β-谷甾醇(III)。结论：化合物I为新化合物,命名为虎眼万年青苷A,化合物II和III是首次从该植物中分得的已知化合物。     

胡芦巴皂苷VIII的结构鉴定

目的　研究中国产胡芦巴Trigonellafoenum graecumL .种子的化学成分。方法　采用硅胶色谱柱进行分离,通过物理、化学和光谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果　分离得到一甾体皂苷,命名为胡芦巴皂苷VIII,鉴定其结构为26-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-25(R)-5α-呋甾烷-20(22)-烯-2α,3β,26-三醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷。结论　胡芦巴皂苷VIII为新化合物。     

无毒棉花籽中黄酮苷的分离与结构鉴定

目的　研究无毒棉花籽(glandlesscottonseed)中的黄酮类化学成分。方法　利用大孔树脂、聚酰胺-6、硅胶和SephadexLH-20柱色谱进行分离纯化。用UV ,MS ,¹HNMR ,¹³CNMR ,¹H-¹HCOSY ,¹H-¹³CCOSY ,HMBC和TOCSY等光谱确定化合物结构。结果　从无毒棉花籽中分离得到5个黄酮苷,经光谱鉴定化合物结构为:山奈酚-3-O-β-D-芹菜糖( 1→2 )-[α-L-鼠李糖(1→6)]-β-D-葡糖苷(I)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-芹菜糖 ( 1→2)-[α-L-鼠李糖( 1→6)]-β-D-葡糖苷(II)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-芹菜糖 ( 1→2 )-β-D-葡糖苷(III)、芦丁(IV)和陆地棉苷(V)。结论　I是一个新化合物,II和III为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

黄山药中甾体皂苷的分离与鉴定

目的　研究黄山药的化学成分,寻找新的活性物质。方法　用硅胶柱色谱及高效液相色谱等进行分离,通过理化方法及光谱分析(IR,ESI-MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,DEPT,¹H-¹HCOSY,HMQC,HMBC,NOESY)鉴定化学结构。结果　从黄山药根茎的乙醇提取物中分离得到3种甾体皂苷,其化学结构分别鉴定为26-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-3β,26-二醇-23(S)-甲氧基-25(R)-Δ^5,20(22)-二烯-呋甾-3-O-［α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)］-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(I),伪原薯蓣皂苷(pseudoprotodioscin,II),26-O-β-D-葡吡喃糖基25(R)-呋甾-Δ^5,20(22)-二烯-3β,26-二羟基-3-O-［α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)］-β-D-葡吡喃糖苷(III)。结论　I为新化合物,命名为黄山药皂苷C,II,III为首次从本属植物中分得。     

蒺藜化学成分的研究

目的:研究蒺藜( Tribulusterrestris L.) 中生物活性物质。方法:用硅胶柱色谱、HPLC进行分离,根据光谱数据鉴定其结构。结果:分离纯化得到两种呋甾皂苷,确定其结构为26-O-β-D 吡喃葡糖基-(25 R,S)-5α- 呋甾-12-羰基-20(22)-烯基-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基(1 →4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(I) ;26 O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(25 R)-5α-呋甾-12-羰基 3β,22α,26 三醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(II)。结论:I,II均为新化合物。     

卷丹中新甾体皂苷的分离和鉴定

目的研究卷丹(Lilium lancifolium Thunb.)鳞叶的化学成分。方法用各种色谱技术进行分离和纯化,用MALDI-TOF-MS,HR-SI-MS,IR,¹HNMR,₁₃CNMR,DEPT,¹H-¹H COSY,HMQC和HMBC等光谱和波谱技术鉴定其结构。结果从卷丹鳞叶中分得2个甾体皂苷,鉴定化合物1为薯蓣皂苷元3-O-{O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-O-［β-D-木糖基(1→3)］-β-D-葡萄糖苷,化合物2为薯蓣皂苷元3-O-{O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-O-［α-L-阿拉伯糖基(1→3)］-β-D-葡萄糖苷。结论化合物2为新化合物,命名为卷丹皂苷A。     

中药墨旱莲中的三萜皂苷

目的　研究中药墨旱莲Ecliptaprostrata L.中的三萜皂苷化合物。方法　应用柱色谱和HPLC法分离纯化,通过光谱分析(IR ,MS ,¹HNMR ,¹³CNMR ,DEPT ,HMQC和HMBC)鉴定其化学结构。结果　分离并鉴定了5个三萜皂苷,其中2个新化合物eclalbasaponinsXI(4)和XII(5 )的结构分别为:3-O-[β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→2 )-β-D-吡喃葡糖]-16α-乙氧基 齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4)和3-O-[(2O-硫酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖) (1→2 )-β-D-吡喃葡糖] 刺囊酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(5 )。结论　4和5为新化合物,1和5具有诱导稻瘟霉菌丝变形活性。     

黄连花中两个新的三萜皂苷黄连花中两个新的三萜皂苷

目的对黄连花(Lysimachia davurica Ledeb.)全草的三萜皂苷成分进行分离和结构鉴定。方法通过大孔树脂纯化,硅胶和反相硅胶色谱分离正丁醇萃取物物中的三萜皂苷;利用多种波谱技术并结合酸水解方法鉴定其化学结构。结果分离鉴定了2个三萜皂苷,其结构分别为3β,16α,29-三羟基-13,28-环氧-齐墩果烷-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡糖酸甲酯苷(I),3β,16α,28-三羟基-齐墩果-12-烯-3-O-｛β-D-吡喃葡糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡糖醛酸｝-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(II)。结论化合物I和II为新的三萜皂苷,分别命名为黄连花皂苷D和J。     

南重楼Paris vietnamensis活性物质的分离与鉴定

目的研究南重楼Paris vietnamensis (Takht.)中具有细胞毒活性的甾体皂苷类化学成分。方法采用柱色谱进行分离纯化，通过光谱分析和理化方法鉴定化合物结构，并进行体外细胞毒活性筛选。结果从南重楼中分离得到11个甾体皂苷类化合物，化合物1结构为：3β,5α,6α-三羟基-7(8)-烯-异螺甾烷醇-3-氧-β-D-葡吡喃糖基(1→3)［α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)］-β-D-葡吡喃糖苷(1)，命名为南重楼皂苷A。化合物2～11分别为：25(R)-薯蓣皂苷元-3-氧-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→4)-β-D-葡吡喃糖苷(2)；25(R)薯蓣皂苷元-3-氧-α-L-鼠李糖吡喃基(1→2)-β-D-葡吡喃糖苷(3)；25(R)薯蓣皂苷元-3-氧-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→4)［α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)］-β-D-葡吡喃糖苷(4)；25(R)薯蓣皂苷元-3-氧-β-D-葡吡喃糖基(1→3)［α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-(1→2)］-β-D-葡吡喃糖苷(5)；25(R)薯蓣皂苷元-3-氧-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)［α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)］-β-D-葡吡喃糖苷(6)；25(R)偏诺苷元-3-氧-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→4)-β-D-葡吡喃糖苷(7)；25(R)偏诺苷元-3-氧-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)-β-D-葡吡喃糖苷(8)；25(R)偏诺苷元-3-氧-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→4)［α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)］-β-D-葡吡喃糖苷(9)；25(R)偏诺皂苷元-3-氧-β-D-葡吡喃糖基(1→3)［α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)］-β-D-葡吡喃糖苷(10)；25(R)偏诺苷元-3-氧-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)［α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)］-β-D-葡吡喃糖苷(11)，体外筛选表明部分甾体皂苷类化合物具有细胞毒作用。结论化合物1为一新化合物，化合物2，3，6～11均为首次从南重楼中获得。化合物3，4，6，8具有对肝癌HepG2和胃癌SGC-7901的细胞毒活性。     

Terrestrinins A and B, two new steroid saponins from Tribulus terrestris

Two new steroid saponins, named terrestrinins A (1) and B (2), along with six known compounds were isolated from the Chinese medicine herb Tribulus terrestris, and their chemical structures were elucidated as 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-furostan-4(5),20(22)-diene-3,12-dione (1) and 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5alpha-furostane-3beta,22alpha,26-triol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1 --> 3)-[(beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1 --> 4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside (2) on the basis of spectroscopic techniques.     

In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the eight steroid saponins from Tribulus terrestris L. with potent activity against fluconazole-resistant fungal pathogens

Antifungal activity of natural products is being studied widely. Saponins are known to be antifungal and antibacterial. We have isolated eight steroid saponins from Tribulus terrestris L., namely TTS-8, TTS-9, TTS-10, TTS-11, TTS-12, TTS-13, TTS-14 and TTS-15. TTS-12 and TTS-15 were identified as tigogenin-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside and tigogenin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside, respectively. The in vitro antifungal activities of the eight saponins against six fluconazole-resistant yeasts, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, and Cryptococcus neoformans were studied using microbroth dilution assay. The results showed that TTS-12 and TTS-15 were very effective against several pathogenic candidal species and C. neoformans in vitro. It is noteworthy that TTS-12 and TTS-15 were very active against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans (MIC(80)=4.4, 9.4 microg/ml), C. neoformans (MIC(80)=10.7, 18.7 microg/ml) and inherently resistant C. krusei (MIC(80)=8.8, 18.4 microg/ml). So in vivo activity of TTS-12 in a vaginal infection model with fluconazole-resistant C. albicans was studied in particular. Our studies revealed TTS-12 also showed in vivo activities against fluconazole-resistant yeasts. In conclusion, steroid saponins TTS-12 and TTS-15 from Tribulus terrestris L. have significant in vitro antifungal activity against fluconazole-resistant fungi, especially TTS-12 also showed in vivo activity against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans.     

A triterpene saponin from Tribulus terrestris attenuates apoptosis in cardiocyte via activating PKC signalling transduction pathway

The present study was conducted to examine the role of hecogenin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1), which is a triterpene saponin of Tribulus terrestris in cardiocytes during chemical hypoxia-ischaemia in vitro. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion and treated with NaCN for 12 h. Cell apoptosis was defined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) and flow cytometry. [Ca(2+)] was measured by confocal microscopy. There was a marked increase in the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, by NaCN. This change was increased by the saponin 1. PKCepsilon protein contents were increased in the cardiocyte membrane fraction in response to NaCN. PKCepsilon activation was augmented by the saponin 1. Inhibition of PKCepsilon with inhibitory peptide prevented Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, the saponin attenuated the apoptosis in cardiocyte in response to NaCN. It is therefore suggested that the saponin 1 may play a role in cardiocyte survival via PKCepsilon and Bcl-2.     

薤白中两种新甾体皂甙成分

从中药薤白(Allium macrostemon Bunge)鳞茎中分得两种流的甾体皂甙,薤白甙甲(macrostemonoside A,1)和薤白甙丁(macrostemonoside D,2),通过光谱(IR,MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,¹H-¹H COSY和NOESY等)分析和衍生化研究,分别确定为:tigogenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside(1)和tigotenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)](1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside(2)。     

小花盾叶薯蓣中的甾体成分

目的研究小花盾叶薯蓣的化学成分。方法运用正相和反相硅胶柱色谱对其化学成分进行分离，用IR，NMR，MS等方法进行结构鉴定。结果从乙醇提取物中分离鉴定出11个甾体化合物，分别鉴定为去酰百合皂苷(deacylbrownioside，I)、薯蓣皂苷元-双葡糖苷(diosgenin-diglucoside，II)、前薯蓣皂苷A(prosapogenin A of dioscin，III)、薯蓣皂苷(dioscin，IV)、三角薯蓣皂苷宁(deltonin，V)、三角薯蓣皂苷(deltoside，VI)、甲基三角薯蓣皂苷(methyl deltoside，VII)、薯蓣皂苷元 3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(1→3)- β -D-吡喃葡糖基-(1→4)-［ α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)］- β -D-吡喃葡糖苷{diosgenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)- β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)- ［α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)］- β -D-glucopyranoside，VIII}、小花盾叶薯蓣苷(parvifloside，IX)、甲基小花盾叶薯蓣苷(methyl parvifloside，X)、薯蓣皂苷元(diosgenin，XI)、以及β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)和豆甾醇(stigmasterol)的混合物。结论化合物X为一新化合物，VII与X分别为VI和IX的甲醚衍生物，可能为分离过程中所产生。I系首次从薯蓣属植物中分离得到，II和IV均为首次从小花盾叶薯蓣中分离得到。     

知母皂甙E1和E2

应用硅胶柱色谱、高效液相色谱等分离手段,从中药知母(Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.)分离得到2种新的呋甾皂甙,经光谱(IR,ESI MS,¹HNMR,¹³HNMR)分析和化学反应,鉴定其结构分别是:(25S)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-5-β-呋甾-3β,15α,26-三醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙(1),(25S)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-甲氧基-5β-呋甾-3β,15α,26-三醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙(2)。(1)是新化合物,命名为知母皂甙E1;(2)是(1)的甲醚化人工产物,命名为知母皂甙E2。对知母皂甙-I(A)的结构分析作了简单说明。     

朝鲜白头翁的三萜皂苷成分研究

目的　研究朝鲜白头翁［Pulsatilla cernua(Thunb.) Bercht. et Opiz.］ 根茎的化学成分。 方法　朝鲜白头翁根茎的乙醇提取物经大孔树脂、硅胶、ODS柱以及HPLC分离得到6个化合物, 通过波谱(1H,¹³CNMR,FAB-MS等)分析和化学方法进行结构鉴定。结果　6个化合物分别被鉴定为pulsatilla saponin A(1), 常春藤皂苷元3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(2), pulsatilla saponin D(3), dipsacoside B(4), 3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)［β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→4)］-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷元28-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖酯苷(5)和胡萝卜苷(6)。 结论　5为新化合物, 命名为朝鲜白头翁丙苷(cernuoside C)。 2,4和6为首次从朝鲜白头翁中分离获得。     

New furostanol saponins from the bulbs of Allium macrostemon Bunge and their cytotoxic activity

Four new furostanol saponins, named as macrostemonoside O, macrostemonoside P, macrostemonoside Q and macrostemonoside R, along with five known compounds, were isolated from the dried bulbs of Allium macrostemon Bunge. The structures of these new compounds were established by the spectral data elucidation (IR, ESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR) as 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-22-hydroxyl-5beta-furost-25 (27)-ene-3beta, 26-diol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (macrostemonoside O), (25R)-26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-22-hydroxyl-5beta-furost-1beta, 3beta, 26-triol-3- O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (macrostemonoside P), (25R)-26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-22-hydroxy-5beta-furost-1alpha, 2beta, 3beta, 26-tetraol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (macrostemonoside Q) and (25R)-26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-22-hydroxyl-5beta-furost-2alpha, 3beta, 26-triol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2) [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (macrostemonoside R), respectively. Their cytotoxic activities on several cancer cell lines including solid tumor (HepG2, MCF-7, NCI-H460 and SF-268) and drug resistant tumor (R-HepG2) were investigated and five compounds showed diverse cytotoxity to these cancer cell lines which suggest that they might be used as potential leading compounds to cure cancer diseases.     

山楂叶化学成分研究

目的　研究山楂(CrataeguspinnatifidaBge .varmajorN .E .Br.)叶中的化学成分。方法　用大孔树脂柱色谱、硅胶柱色谱和聚酰胺柱色谱等技术进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果　得到8个化合物,分别为山楂素I(1) ,槲皮素(2 ) ,3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖槲皮素(3) ,3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖槲皮素(4) ,3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖(6→1)-α-L-鼠李糖槲皮素(5 ) ,3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖(6→1)-α-L-鼠李糖槲皮素(6 ) ,山萘酚(7) ,7-O-α-L-鼠李糖-3-O-β-D-葡糖山萘酚(8)。结论　1为新化合物,8为首次从该属中分得