知母中的两种新呋甾皂苷

目的研究知母根茎的化学成分。方法采用水煎提取、大孔吸附树脂SP825柱色谱、反相C₁₈柱色谱等进行分离，并通过化学手段和光谱分析(FAB-MS，¹H NMR，13C NMR，¹H-¹H COSY)鉴定其化学结构。结果从知母根茎中分离得到6种甾体皂苷，分别鉴定为：(25S)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-22-羟基-5β-呋甾-2β，3β，26-三醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(知母皂苷N，1)，知母皂苷E_l(2)，(25S)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-22-甲氧基-5β-呋甾-2β，3β，26-三醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(知母皂苷O，3)，知母皂苷E₂(4)，(25R)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-22-羟基-5α-呋甾-2α，3β，26-三醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(1→2)-［β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)］-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(purpureagitosid，5)，marcogenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside (6)。结论化合物1和3为新化合物，命名为知母皂苷N和知母皂苷O，化合物5为首次从知母中分离得到。

Two new furostanol saponins from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides

AIM: To investigate the chemical constituents of the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. METHODS: The compounds were separated by means of solvent extraction, chromatography on absorbent resin SP825 and silica gel C18 repeatedly, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical methods and spectral analyses (FAB-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY). RESULTS: Six steroidal saponins were isolated from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. They were identified as (25S)-26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-22-hydroxy-5beta-furostane-2beta, 3beta, 26-triol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (timosaponin N, 1), timosaponin E1 (2), (25S)-26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-22-methoxy-5beta-furostane-2beta, 3beta, 26-triol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (timosaponin O, 3) , timosaponin E2 (4), (25R) -26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-22-hydroxy-5alpha-furostane-2alpha, 3beta, 26-triol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-xylpyranosyl-(1 --> 3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (purpureagitosid, 5) and marcogenin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (6). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 and compound 3 are new compounds, and compound 5 was isolated from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge for the first time.