褪黑素载药纳米粒的优化设计及研制

目的：探讨采用复合乳液-溶剂挥发法制备褪黑素载药纳米粒的最佳工艺条件。方法：以聚乳酸、壳聚糖可降解生物材料为载体,明胶为分散剂,span-80和tween-80混合液为微乳液,根据微粒的表面形态、粒径大小、分布、包封率、载药量选择最佳工艺条件,制备褪黑素载药纳米粒。结果与结论：原子力显微镜下可见纳米粒表面圆滑,分布均匀。正交设计效应曲线图直观分析和方差分析结果显示,搅拌速度、溶剂挥发温度、聚乳酸与褪黑素投药比、壳聚糖浓度是影响制备工艺的主要因素。在30℃,1000r／min搅拌速度,搅拌时间45min,m(褪黑素)：m(聚乳酸)为1：5,V(Tween-80)：V(Span-80)为5：1,壳聚糖质量浓度为1％条件下,可制备成平均粒径为45．84nm,包封率为38．33％,载药量为8．35％的褪黑素载药纳米粒。     

褪黑素纳米粒的制备工艺研究

目的:制备褪黑素载药纳米粒并对其影响因素进行研究.方法:以聚乳酸、壳聚糖可生物降解材料为载体,明胶为分散剂,Span-80和Tween-80混合液为乳化剂,采用复乳-溶剂挥发法制备载药纳米粒,根据纳米粒的表面形态、粒径大小、分布、包封率、载药量选择最佳工艺条件,制备褪黑素纳米粒.结果:原子力显微镜观察纳米粒表面圆滑,分布均匀.正交设计效应曲线图直观分析和方差分析结果,均显示搅拌速度、溶剂挥发温度、聚乳酸与褪黑素投料比、壳聚糖浓度是影响制备工艺的主要因素.结论:在30 ℃;1 000 r/min搅拌速度;褪黑素与聚乳酸的质量比为1:3;Tween-80与Span-80体积比为5:1;壳聚糖质量分数为1%情况下,可制备成平均粒径在45.84 nm,包封率为38.33%,载药量为8.35%的褪黑素载药纳米粒.     

纳米胶体金的制备及粒径的测定

目的利用柠檬酸三钠作为还原剂,制备颗粒均一、分布均匀的纳米胶体金。方法通过考察反应时间、搅拌速度以及初始沸腾时间3个因素来确定最佳的制备条件,以紫外吸收峰、粒径及透射电镜扫描结果进行综合评价。结果胶体金溶液的最佳制备条件为：在200 r/min的搅拌速度加热至沸腾,沸腾后立即加入还原剂,反应12 min后停止搅拌;所制得的胶体金的粒径为20 nm左右。结论采用优化条件所制得的胶体金颗粒均一、分布均匀。     

制备条件对白蛋白纳米粒表征的影响

目的 通过进行白蛋白纳米载体制备工艺的研究,考察固化温度、固化时间、搅拌速度对纳米粒制备的影响,确定白蛋白纳米粒制备的优化条件.方法 在其他制备条件固定的情况下,分别采用不同的固化温度、固化时间、搅拌速度.比较不同条件下制备的纳米粒的形态和粒径.结果 ①搅拌速度2 000 r/min时的粒径分布范围明显小于500、1 000、1 500和2 500 r/min时的范围;②固化温度120℃时的粒径分布范围明显小于60、80和100℃时的范围;③固化时间时粒径分布的影响较小.结论 白蛋白纳米粒制备的优化条件为:搅拌速度2000 r/min、固化温度120℃、固化时间20min.     

壳聚糖-海藻酸钠布洛芬缓释微球的制备工艺及性能

目的 研究以壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为基质材料,制备布洛芬缓释微球. 方法 以微球的药物包封率为制备工艺优化指标.利用复凝聚法,通过L16(45)正交实验得出微球的最佳制备工艺条件. 结果 壳聚糖浓度4.0 mg/mL,搅拌速度600 r/min,反应温度30℃,体系pH 4.5,交联剂戊二醛用量1.5 mL为最佳工艺.以最佳制备工艺条件制备的布洛芬缓释微球.粒径(31.6±1.7)μm,药物包封率(64.6±2.2)%. 结论 微球球形态及稳定性较好,有良好的缓释效果.     

人工神经网络建模结合遗传算法优化岗松油环糊精包合物制备工艺参数

采用均匀设计法制定岗松油β-环糊精包合物制备的实验方案,应用人工神经网络对影响包合物制备的因素与考察指标之间的关系进行模型拟舍,并结合遗传算法优化包合物的制备工艺参数.优化结果为:环糊精与岗松油的用量配比7.1、包合温度46.6℃、时间149.9 min、搅拌速度417.8 r/min.参照优化后的工艺条件所制备的包合...     

多指标综合评分法优选红花提取液醇沉工艺

目的:研究并确定红花提取液的最佳醇沉工艺。方法:以羟基红花黄色素A(HSYA)转移率为评价指标进行单因素试验,分别考察终点乙醇质量分数、搅拌速度、药液初始质量浓度、醇沉温度和药液pH等因素的影响。选取对单因素试验结果影响较大的4个因素,采用L9(34)正交试验法,以HSYA转移率、浸出物得率和纯度为指标进行综合评分,确定红花提取液醇沉的最佳工艺条件。结果:红花提取液的最佳醇沉工艺条件为终点乙醇质量分数50%,药液初始质量浓度1.15 g/ml,搅拌速度500 r/min,药液pH5.0。结论:优选的工艺操作简便、稳定,HSYA转移率、浸出物得率和纯度较高。     

黄地吉仙片中挥发油的提取及其β-CD包合物的制备工艺

目的：选择挥发油最佳提取及包合工艺.方法：对不同时间内挥发油的收集量进行对比试验研究,采用正交试验筛选挥发油β-CD包合物的制备工艺条件.结果：挥发油的提取时间以8h为宜;包合最佳工艺为：挥发油与β-CD的比例为1：6,搅拌速度100r/min,实验温度为40℃,时间为3h;结论：该工艺合理,可应用于实际生产.     

氯氰菊酯微胶囊剂的制备

目的:探讨以脲醛树脂为壁材,以氯氰菊酯为囊芯物制备聚脲微胶囊的工艺条件.方法:采用原位聚合法制备聚脲微胶囊,对比不同反应时间、搅拌速度、反应温度、催化剂对微囊化的影响.结果:通过实验得知,在反应温度60～70 ℃,搅拌速度3 000 r/min,以NH4Cl缓慢调节pH值为2.0左右,酸化时间2 h的反应条件下,可获得大小及分布理想的微囊颗粒.结论:氯氰菊酯聚脲微胶囊技术成功实现了农药由液态向固态的转变,使得药物的配制和施用更加方便、快捷,并为有害生物防治产品的多样化提供了可能.     

壳聚糖-吲哚美辛缓释微囊的制备工艺及微囊的性能

目的 研究以壳聚糖和阿拉伯胶为囊材，将吲哚美辛微囊化的制备工艺。方法 以微囊的药物包封率为制备工艺优化指标，利用复凝聚法，通过正交实验得出微囊的最佳制备工艺条件。结果 壳聚糖浓度为0．4％、成囊pH为3．0、搅拌速度为200r／min、成囊温度为60C为最佳工艺条件。红外与紫外光谱分析表明在成囊过程中吲哚美辛与壳聚糖发生共价结合。结论 以最佳制备工艺条件制备含药微囊，重现性好，工艺稳定，同时体外溶出实验表明，该微囊具有较好的缓释作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.