氢过氧化枯烯对整装培养人血管内皮细胞损伤作用的研究

本实验改良了传统方法,自创PF膜和浮膜培养法,首次整装培养人血管内皮细胞成功,经高锰酸钾固定剂固定,消化细胞内蛋白质,保留脂质膜性系统,应用透射电镜进行整体观察。在此基础上,用氢过氧化枯烯处理,造成整装内皮细胞线粒体,内质网的脂质过氧化损伤模型。本实验进一步证实脂质过氧化对内皮细胞生物膜的损伤,并报告了内质网和线粒体损伤的整体结构变化。     

整装培养细胞内质网的透射电镜观察

采用以高锰酸钾为固定剂的整装培养细胞制样技术:观察了几种细胞系细胞(Hela,LA₇₉₅,2BS)内质网(endoplasmic reticulum,简称ER)的超微结构.由ER小管构成的连续的网络系统存在于整个细胞的细胞质中.此法同样适于观察线粒体的超微结构及线粒体的三维空间关系,在Hela细胞中,仅用高锰酸钾固定剂固定7min就能清晰地看到线粒体的嵴.结果表明,本方法适于观察细胞中膜细胞器的分布和超微结构.     

整装培养细胞内质网的透射电镜观察

采用以高锰酸钾为固定剂的整装培养细胞制样技术：观察了几种细胞系细胞（Ｈｅｌａ，ＬＡ_（７９５），２ＢＳ）内质网（ｅｎｄｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃｒｅｔｉｃｕｌｕｍ，简称ＥＲ）的超微结构。由ＥＲ小管构成的连续的网络系统存在于整个细胞的细胞质中。此法同样适于观察线粒体的超微结构及线粒体的三维空间关系，在Ｈｅｌａ细胞中，仅用高锰酸钾固定剂固定７ｍｉｎ就能清晰地看到线粒体的嵴。结果表明，本方法适于观察细胞中膜细胞器的分布和超微结构。     

浮膜培养人内皮细胞及其整装电镜标本制作技术的研究

用Falcon塑料培养器皿的原料,自制一种支持膜(PF),经明胶处理后,首次用于浮膜培养人内皮细胞。细胞生长至亚融合时,以高锰酸钾混合固定液固定、消化细胞以保存细胞的膜系统。将固定后的细胞连同pF贴附于铜网上,干燥后在TEM80kv条件下,细胞的内质网及线粒体等超微及立体超微结构可被清楚地观察到。还讨论了本方法的优缺点并与文献中的其它整体细胞方法做了比较。     

乳膜培养人内皮细胞及其整装电镜标本制作技术的研究

用Falcon塑料培养器皿的原料，自制一种支持膜（PF），经明胶处理后，首次用于浮膜培养人内皮细胞。细胞片长至亚融合时，以高锰酸钾混合固定液固定、消化细胞以保存细胞的膜系统。将固定后的细胞连同PF贴附于铜网上，干燥后在TEM80Kv条件下，细胞的内质网及线粒体等超微及立体超微结构可被清楚地观察到。还讨论了本方法的优点并与文献中的其它整体细胞方法做了比较。     

感染冠状病毒的大鼠胸腺组织超微结构观察

目的 通过对感染大鼠冠状病毒(rat coronavirus，RCV)的大鼠胸腺组织进行超微结构的研究。阐明RCV在细胞内形成的形态学机制。方法 用在进行自噬性形态学研究中的Wistar大鼠做模型，常规电镜取材、固定、包埋、切片和观察。结果 胸腺上皮细胞的胞质内出现大小不等的内质网池，并相互融合形成巨大的内质网湖。湖内充满RCV颗粒，称为病毒包涵体。病毒在内质网囊壁上通过出芽方式进人内质网湖基质，发育为成熟的RCV，最终排出于细胞外。病毒颗粒呈圆形，直径约100～130nm。病毒胞浆成均质状，病毒的膜蛋白有二层，外层为包膜，内层为核衣壳。包膜与核衣壳之间为低电子密度的中间层，其内有时可见1～2层较薄的膜样结构。钉突成放射状贯穿包膜，其内侧端连于核衣壳．外侧端膨大，由一层絮状的糖蛋白包绕，形成日冕状。病毒颗粒分布在胸腺上皮细胞的内质网湖、胞浆、内吞体／溶酶体以及胸腺上皮细胞间，溶酶体内的病毒无包膜和核衣壳。结论 内质网湖参与RCV包膜的形成，从细胞外侵人的RCV均在内吞体／溶酶体内脱去包膜和核衣壳，脱下的包膜和核衣壳被其降解，而RCV在胸腺上皮细胞基质中进行复制。在胸腺细胞内未见有RCV。     

人侵袭性结肠癌细胞内质网的超微结构

目的：观察在细胞中占在中心地位的内质网在人侵袭性结肠癌细胞中的超微结构特点。方法：收集外科手术切除的结肠癌标本,应用透射电镜技术观察高分化和低分化人侵袭性结肠癌细胞内质网结构。结果：高分化癌细胞呈柱状,排列较整齐。细胞质中的内质网呈多种形状,并常出现不规则扩张。细胞壁底侧的舌状伪足中可见内质网呈囊泡样;分化癌细胞排列拉散,有的几乎与其他细胞脱离,细胞中的内质网减少;有的内质网与质膜融合,但有向外分泌内含物的趋势。结论：观察到的不同分化程度的人侵袭性结肠癌细胞内质网结构特点将可能成为诊断结肠癌的形态学依据。     

大鼠肝脏细胞超微结构的立体形态观察

肝脏是冷冻割断法较难制做的器官之一。本文显示肌细胞、枯氏细胞内膜结构的立体构象,结构完整清晰,立体感强。肝细胞内膜结构极为丰富致密,主要以线粒体,粗、滑面内质网构成。线粒体为小卵圆形,外表光滑。其内线粒体嵴丰富,为圆柱形;粗面内质网,如透射电镜下所见,浅层紧密排列,未见明显囊腔;滑面内质网呈短分枝管状与粗面内质网连续,构成胞内膜结构的大部。肝细胞脂滴为圆球形,表面光滑,无包膜,直接与周围膜结构相接触。枯氏细胞内线粒体为长圆杆状;吞噬体表现为膜分隔的无定形结构,内含部分残质。本结果揭示了肝细胞、枯氏细胞内透射电镜下难以全面观察的膜结构的全貌。     

感染冠状病毒的大鼠胸腺组织超微结构观察

目的通过对感染大鼠冠状病毒(ratcoronavirus,RCV)的大鼠胸腺组织进行超微结构的研究,阐明RCV在细胞内形成的形态学机制。方法用在进行自噬性形态学研究中的Wistar大鼠做模型,常规电镜取材、固定、包埋、切片和观察。结果胸腺上皮细胞的胞质内出现大小不等的内质网池,并相互融合形成巨大的内质网湖,湖内充满RCV颗粒,称为病毒包涵体。病毒在内质网囊壁上通过出芽方式进入内质网湖基质,发育为成熟的RCV,最终排出于细胞外。病毒颗粒呈圆形,直径约100~130nm。病毒胞浆成均质状,病毒的膜蛋白有二层,外层为包膜,内层为核衣壳。包膜与核衣壳之间为低电子密度的中间层,其内有时可见1~2层较薄的膜样结构。钉突成放射状贯穿包膜,其内侧端连于核衣壳,外侧端膨大,由一层絮状的糖蛋白包绕,形成日冕状。病毒颗粒分布在胸腺上皮细胞的内质网湖、胞浆、内吞体/溶酶体以及胸腺上皮细胞间,溶酶体内的病毒无包膜和核衣壳。结论内质网湖参与RCV包膜的形成,从细胞外侵入的RCV均在内吞体/溶酶体内脱去包膜和核衣壳,脱下的包膜和核衣壳被其降解,而RCV在胸腺上皮细胞基质中进行复制。在胸腺细胞内未见有RCV。     

阴囊壁中隐睾固定层次的新认识

目的：对隐睾在阴囊内固定的正确层次进行探讨和报告。方法：随机选取隐睾手术患儿20例，手术中常规制备固定睾丸的阴囊壁“皮下窝”、切取“皮下窝”深浅层次组织，制备标本组织学观察。结果：①“皮下窝”表面组织为表皮、真皮和平滑肌（肉膜层），深方组织13／20由浅入深依次为薄层平滑肌、筋膜和脂肪，7／20例为薄层筋膜及脂肪组织：②术中肉眼观察，皮肤与肉膜层连接紧密不能分出腔隙，肉膜与深方筋膜层之间连接疏松、肉膜层本身结构亦不紧密，此二个层次内均能分离出间隙。结论：“皮下窝”位于肉膜层内（肉膜囊）或肉膜与深方的筋膜层之间，选择肉膜囊固定，能增加固定牢固性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.