苯磺酸氨氯地平片人体生物等效性研究

目的:评价苯磺酸氨氯地平片的人体生物等效性。方法:20名男性健康志愿者随机交叉口服苯磺酸氨氯地平片试验制剂和参比制剂各10 mg,采用液相-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测定血药浓度。以DAS2.0软件计算其药动学参数,考察其生物等效性。结果:苯磺酸氨氯地平片试验制剂和参比制剂的T_max、C_max、AUC_0-144、AUC_0-∞分别为(5.60±3.09) h和(6.30±2.85) h、(8.19±2.2)μg/L和(8.22±1.99)μg/L、(366±100)μg·L-1·h-1和(385.8±80)μg·L-1·h-1、(397±115)μg·L-1·h-1和(421±83)μg·L-1·h-1。以AUC_0-144计算,苯磺酸氨氯地平片试验制剂和参比制剂比较的人体相对生物利用度为(96.1±26.6)%。结论:试验制剂苯磺酸氨氯地平片和参比制剂苯磺酸氨氯地平片具有生物等效性。     

板蓝根总生物碱中表告依春在发热大鼠体内的药动学-药效学结合模型研究

目的应用药动学与药效学结合模型,研究板蓝根总生物碱中主要成分表告依春在酵母致热大鼠体内的药动学和药效学之间的关系。方法给大鼠ig板蓝根总生物碱,不同时间取血并对体温进行观察,采用高效液相法测定血浆中表告依春的浓度,用一房室模型计算药动学参数,采用3种药动学与药效学拟合模型,分别对药效学参数进行拟合。结果表告依春在正常大鼠和发热大鼠体内的主要药动学参数t1/2、Cmax、AUC分别为:(4.94±0.84)h、(4.01±0.21)μg/mL、(28.37±2.42)μg.h/mL和(5.71±0.91)h、(4.15±0.25)μg/mL、(30.35±2.58)μg.h/mL。药理效应与效应室浓度之间的关系用间接反应中的药效产生抑制模型拟合较好,相应的药效学参数分别为Kin为(0.70±0.10)h-1,Kout为(0.54±0.12)h-1,R0为1.33±0.16,IC50为(0.94±0.66)mg/L。结论板蓝根总生物碱中表告依春在正常大鼠和发热大鼠体内的药动学行为无明显差异,表告依春在发热大鼠体内药动学与药效学间符合间接反应中的药效产生抑制模型。     

9-硝基喜树碱脂质体的制备及大鼠肺部给药药动学

目的制备9-硝基喜树碱(9-NC)脂质体,研究其经大鼠肺部给药后的体内药动学行为。方法以薄膜分散-超声法制备9-NC脂质体,用粒度测定仪测定粒径,采用离心法分离脂质体和未包封药物并用HPLC法测定包封率,通过肺部滴注给药考察脂质体在大鼠体内的药动学行为,用液液萃取法处理血浆样品,反相HPLC法测定不同时间点大鼠血浆中的药物浓度。结果9-NC脂质体平均粒径为167.6nm,包封率为(91.51±2.63)%(n=3)。9-NC脂质体和溶液剂经肺部给药后,体内药物动力学参数分别为t1/2(3.88±0.90)h和(0.72±0.07)h,AUC0→t(215.88±16.47)μg·h·L-1和(95.29±6.04)μg·h·L-1,MRT(3.72±1.65)h和(1.10±0.08)h。结论与溶液剂相比,9-NC脂质体肺部给药后具有一定的缓释作用。     

血药浓度法测定四逆汤制剂中乌头生物碱的药动学参数

[目的]了解四逆汤制剂在大鼠体内的动力学过程。[方法]采用高效液相法,以药动学软件拟合药-时曲线测定四逆注射剂在大鼠体内的时-量关系。[结果]生物半衰期(t1/2)为0.99604h,消除速率常数(vkel)为 0.695 76 h-1,总清除率(γCL)为 0.27249 L·kg-1·h-1,表观分布容积(V)为0.39164 L·kg-1。[结论]乌头生物碱在大鼠体内呈一级动力学消除。     

罗红霉素分散片人体生物等效性研究

目的: 观察两个不同厂家生产的罗红霉素分散片在健康人体的生物等效性。方法: 20名志愿者采用双周期交叉试验,分别单剂量口服罗红霉素分散片150mg,高效液相-质谱联用(LC-MS)法测定其血清中罗红霉素浓度,血药浓度-时间数据经DAS2.0统计软件处理,计算主要药物动力学参数,并进行两种制剂的生物等效性评价。结果: 受试制剂与参比制剂的药动学参数分别为:t_1/2(8.131±1.465) h和(9.020±2.914) h,C_max(3.065±0.940)μg/ml和(3.157±1.019)μg/ml,T_max(2.000±0.924) h和(2.306±1.363) h,AUC_0-48h(38.312±19.673)μg·h-1·ml-1和(41.029±21.842)μg·h-1·ml-1。受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(110.4±67.2)%。结论: 罗红霉素两种制剂具有生物等效性。     

黄连解毒汤中黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷在糖尿病大鼠体内的药动学

目的 研究黄连解毒汤中主要成分黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷在糖尿病大鼠体内的药动学.方法 链脲佐菌素ip给药建立糖尿病大鼠模型,ig黄连解毒汤提取物后取血分离血浆,采用HPLC-UV法检测血浆中黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷质量浓度,以矩量法计算药动学参数.采用黄连解毒汤提取物与大鼠粪便温孵,从肠道代谢方面研究黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷动力学改变的初步机制.结果 黄芩苷在正常大鼠和糖尿病大鼠中的tmax2分别为(4.50±1.92)、(7.5±1.0)h,Cmax1分别为(2.83±0.25)、(9.54±2.87)μg/mL,Cmax2分别为(2.56±0.63)、(6.58±1.15)μg/mL,AUC(0～24)分别为(37.58±7.57)、(92.75±24.62)μg·h/mL,t1/2分别为(6.6±2.4)、(12.64±3.35)h.汉黄芩苷在正常大鼠和糖尿病大鼠中的tmax2分别为(5.5±1.0)、(8.00±1.63)h,Cmax1分别为(1.36±0.17)、(6.16±1.40)μg/mL,Cmax2分别为(1.58±0.17)、(4.11±0.76)μg/mL,AUC(0～24)分别为(27.02±3.72)、(58.16±16.43)μg·h/mL,t1/2分别为(9.72±2.24)、(7.89±1.63)h.实验结果表明大鼠在糖尿病病理状态下黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷的Cmax1、Cmax2、AUC(0～24)明显增加,黄芩苷的t1/2显著延长.粪便温孵的结果表明,黄芩苷在糖尿病大鼠粪便中降解加快.结论 黄芩苷在糖尿病大鼠中的动力学改变的原因可能由于黄芩苷在糖尿病大鼠肠道代谢加快.     

头孢拉定对黄芩苷大鼠体内药动学的影响

目的研究头孢拉定对黄芩苷在大鼠体内药动学的影响。方法用HPLC-ECD方法测定头孢拉定和黄芩苷合并给药组与黄芩苷单独给药组黄芩苷在大鼠体内的血药浓度,比较两者的药动学参数。结果头孢拉定和黄芩苷合并给药组黄芩苷Cmax为(782.63±469.37)ng/mL,AUC0~24h为(8407.86±3476.14)ng/mL·h;黄芩苷单独给药组黄芩苷Cmax为(2645.62±601.42)ng/mL,AUC0~24h为(28952.90±5731.42)ng/mL·h。结论两者药动学参数存在显著性差异(P<0.05),口服头孢拉定严重降低了黄芩苷的血药浓度。提示临床应合理用药。     

壳聚糖包覆左旋多巴脂质体冻干制剂的制备及大鼠口服药动学

目的： 制备壳聚糖包覆的左旋多巴脂质体以增加左旋多巴生物利用度,减少血药浓度波动;研究冻干的最佳处方及工艺。方法： 逆相蒸发法制备左旋多巴脂质体并以壳聚糖包覆,采用冷冻干燥法制备脂质体冻干制剂,单因素实验考察不同因素对冻干后包封率的影响;高效液相色谱法研究大鼠口服壳聚糖包覆的左旋多巴脂质体的药动学。结果： 最佳冻干处方为：磷脂浓度50 mg/mL,药脂比1∶10,壳聚糖浓度0.17%,冻干保护剂蔗糖用量2%。其包封率为(34.34±0.65)%(n=6)。与溶液组相比,大鼠口服壳聚糖包覆的左旋多巴脂质体后血药浓度达峰时间后延,且长时间维持在较高水平,生物利用度提高到溶液组的400%以上。结论： 选用合适冻干工艺可以得到包封率大于30%的左旋多巴脂质体冻干制剂。壳聚糖包覆脂质体能够提高左旋多巴生物利用度,减少血药浓度波动。     

红花黄色素A在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的　研究红花黄色素 A在大鼠体内的药动学。方法　建立 RP-HPLC法定量测定大鼠血浆中红花黄色素 A含量。色谱条件 :色谱柱为 Hypersil ODS2柱 (2 0 0 mm× 4.6mm,5 μm) ;流动相为甲醇 -0 .2 %乙酸水溶液(2 4∶ 76) ;流速为 0 .8m L/min;核黄素为内标 ;检测波长为 410 nm。健康大鼠禁食 2 4h后 ,尾 iv红花黄色素 A生理盐水溶液 ,测定不同时间的血药浓度。用 3 P87药动学程序对血药浓度 -时间数据进行拟合。结果　大鼠 iv红花黄色素 A后 ,其主要药动学参数为 :Vc(0 .3 0± 0 .0 4) L/kg,CL (1.12± 0 .3 3 ) m L/mim,Ke(0 .91± 0 .19) h-1 ,t1 / 2(0 .76± 0 .10 ) h,曲线下面积 AUC(2 4.97± 4.83 ) (μg· h) /m L。结论　红花黄色素 A在大鼠体内呈一室开放模型 ,进入体内迅速分布 ,代谢消除也较快     

盐酸左氧氟沙星胶囊人体药物动力学与生物利用度研究

目的: 研究盐酸左氧氟沙星胶囊健康人体的药物动力学与生物利用度。方法: 高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定20名健康受试者单剂量口服两种盐酸左氧氟沙星胶囊(受试制剂和参比制剂)的药时数值,以DAS1.0软件拟合其药动学参数,用方差分析和双侧t检验法检验其等效性。结果: 受试制剂与参比制剂的药动学参数分别为:t_1/2(5.24±1.58) h和(5.50±2.05) h,C_max(2.75±0.61) mg/L和(2.55±0.61) mg/L,T_max(0.99±0.56) h和(1.05±0.54) h,AUC_0-24(21.53±3.36) mg·L-1·h-1和(20.61±3.67) mg·L-1·h-1,AUC_0-∞(23.87±3.92) mg·L-1·h-1和AUC_0-∞(23.05±4.45) mg·L-1·h-1。受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(108.82±30.75)%。结论: 两种不同厂家的盐酸左氧氟沙星胶囊具有生物等效性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.