共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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微生物分子生态学技术应用于大曲酒的微生物学研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
大曲酒酿造是“群微共酵”的过程。以分子生物方法为基础的微生物分子生态学,可通过对微生物的核酸序列片段分析,从基因水平对微生物进行定性和定量研究,直接微观地探讨微生物种群结构、遗传多样性及其与环境间的相互关系,以弄清酿酒微生物在发酵过程中的真实状态,最终揭示酿酒微生物影响大曲酒香型的奥秘。(丹妮) 相似文献
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在传统发酵过程中,丰富的营养物质、开放的发酵环境和历史传承的发酵工艺促成丰富多样且相对稳定的微生物群落发酵体系。这些微生物的生长繁殖和相互作用控制发酵过程,同时产生丰富的营养成分和独特的风味物质,是传统发酵精髓所在。这些微生物相互作用类型丰富,包括真菌与真菌、真菌与细菌、细菌与细菌之间的互利共生、偏利共生和相互竞争等。近些年来,随着高通量DNA测序技术和组学分析技术的广泛应用,对传统发酵过程的微生物相互作用的认识得到进一步加强。本文从不同传统发酵食品入手,总结了传统发酵过程中的微生物群落结构及其相互作用,着重阐述典型性微生物相互作用中的分子机制,有助于研究和认识发酵过程中微生物相互作用方式及其机理。 相似文献
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Environmentally relevant microorganisms 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The development of molecular microbial ecology in the 1990s has allowed scientists to realize that microbial populations in the natural environment are much more diverse than microorganisms so far isolated in the laboratory. This finding has exerted a significant impact on environmental biotechnology, since knowledge in this field has been largely dependent on studies with pollutant-degrading bacteria isolated by conventional culture methods. Researchers have thus started to use molecular ecological methods to analyze microbial populations relevant to pollutant degradation in the environment (called environmentally relevant microorganisms, ERMs), although further effort is needed to gain practical benefits from these studies. This review highlights the utility and limitations of molecular ecological methods for understanding and advancing environmental biotechnology processes. The importance of the combined use of molecular ecological and physiological methods for identifying ERMs is stressed. 相似文献
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蛋白酶因其高催化效率和低污染性,在工业生产中所占比重逐年上升。蛋白酶来源广泛,微生物源蛋白酶因生产成本相对较低,操作易于控制,在国内外的相关研究不断增多。微生物源蛋白酶纯化程度提高,酶活力调控进入分子水平,且结合基因工程等先进技术,相关工程菌的筛选培养方法高速发展。将传统的微生物培养技术和基因工程、蛋白质工程等更高效地结合,能进一步提高蛋白酶的产率,优化蛋白酶的性质。本文针对提取蛋白酶的常见微生物及筛选方法,微生物蛋白酶的纯化、酶活力的调控及其应用五个方面,对近期国内外的相关研究进行归纳和总结,并对其发展前景进行展望,以期为今后微生物蛋白酶的研究提供一定的理论支持。 相似文献
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微生物群落的相互作用关系复杂,可单独或协同对宿主健康产生影响。通过应用因果推断方法分析微生物群与宿主观测数据间的关系特征,推断微生物对宿主健康的作用机制,以降低产生不良健康后果的可能性。本文综述了近年来因果推断在微生物领域的研究进展,介绍了因果关系的概念发展,阐述了因果推理、建模和解释的关系路径,同时也总结了其他领域中因果推理的方法与应用,重点讨论了微生物领域中应用因果推断方法解决的实际问题,但仍有大量微生物群落及其与外界的因果作用机制未探明。应用因果推断方法开展微生物群落分析或将是未来研究热点之一,需进一步完善因果推断的理论与方法,从而阐明微生物群落的相互作用机制及其与人体健康间的因果关系。 相似文献
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Siele Ceuppens Dan Li Mieke Uyttendaele Pierre Renault Paul Ross Marc Van Ranst Luca Cocolin John Donaghy 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2014,13(4):551-577
Because of increasing demand for rapid results, molecular techniques are now applied for the detection of microorganisms in foodstuffs. However, interpretation problems can arise for the results generated by molecular methods in relation to the associated public health risk. Discrepancies between results obtained by molecular and conventional culture methods stem from the difference in target, namely nucleic acids instead of actively growing microorganisms. Nucleic acids constitute 5% to 15% of the dry weight of all living cells and are relatively stable, even after cell death, so they may be present in a food matrix after the foodborne microorganisms have been inactivated. Therefore, interpretation of the public health significance of positive results generated by nucleic acid detection methods warrants some additional consideration. This review discusses the stability of nucleic acids in general and highlights the persistence of microbial nucleic acids after diverse food‐processing techniques based on data from the scientific literature. Considerable amounts of DNA and RNA (intact or fragmented) persist after inactivation of bacteria and viruses by most of the commonly applied treatments in the food industry. An overview of the existing adaptations for molecular assays to cope with these problems is provided, including large fragment amplification, flotation, (enzymatic) pretreatment, and various binding assays. Finally, the negligible risks of ingesting free microbial nucleic acids are discussed and this review ends with the future perspectives of molecular methods such as next‐generation sequencing in diagnostic and source attribution food microbiology. 相似文献
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Anna Reale Elena Sorrentino Lucilla Iacumin Patrizio Tremonte Marisa Manzano Lucia Maiuro Giuseppe Comi Raffaele Coppola Mariantonietta Succi 《Journal of food science》2009,74(4):M196-M200
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to individuate a method to improve the shelf life of fresh truffles, hypogeous fungi highly prized but very perishable as well. Microbial ecology of fresh products was investigated and the effect of irradiation at different doses on microbial and sensorial parameters was assayed. Data showed that fresh truffles are strongly contaminated from different groups of microorganisms. Irradiation was able to influence their growth, determining an impressive reduction. Treatments at 5 and 10 kGy doses produced the highest microbial decontamination but negatively influenced sensorial parameters. Irradiation at a 1.5 kGy dose was the best solution to improve the shelf life of truffles. 相似文献
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DNA-based, culture-independent strategies for evaluating microbial communities in food-associated ecosystems 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Culture-independent molecular techniques are now available to study microbial ecosystems. They are opening interesting perspectives to problems related to composition and population dynamics of microbial communities in various environmental niches (e.g., soil, water) and foods. In fermented food products, estimates of true microbial diversity is often difficult chiefly on account of the inability to cultivate most of the viable bacteria. The increasing knowledge of gene sequences and the concomitant development of new culture-independent molecular techniques are providing new and effective tools to compare the diversity of microbial communities and to monitor population dynamics in minimally disturbed samples. In this review, recent advances in these techniques are reported. Possible applications to food-associated microbial ecosystems are emphasised. 相似文献
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微生物是影响果汁质量安全的重要因素,目前果汁微生物检测的方法主要是传统的培养基培养法,且检测的微生物种类较少,没有覆盖到影响果汁品质的多数微生物。随着果汁工业的迅速发展,消费者对食品安全需求的提高,急需寻求多种快速、简便方法相结合检测果汁中的微生物。本文介绍了当前微生物的检测方法,包括形态学方法、生理生化试剂盒、免疫学技术、仪器分析技术和分子生物学技术等,分析了各方法的优缺点和适用性,为果汁中微生物的检测分析提供参考。 相似文献