OCC造纸循环废水水解酸化预处理特性研究

采用ABR反应器水解酸化处理OCC造纸循环废水,研究了常温下不同进水HRT和pH值对反应器各格室水质参数的影响。研究结果表明,不同的HRT对反应器各格室pH值的影响不大,但是各格室CODCr去除率和VFA浓度因HRT不同而有不同的变化规律。在HRT为6时,反应器处于最佳的水解酸化状态,出水的BOD5／CODCr达到0．57。进水pH值对ABR的处理效果有明显影响,酸陛条件优于中性和碱性条件,反应器各格室CODCr,的去除率和VFA浓度在酸陆、中性和碱性条件下有不同的变化规律。进水pH值为6时,反应器的水解酸化效果最好,出水具有较好的可生化性。反应器微生物数量在从前到后各格室依次递减,且原生动物以游泳型纤毛虫为主,最常见的是表壳圆壳虫,其次是草履虫和扭头虫。     

生物接触氧化法处理OCC废水研究

对生物接触氧化法处理OCC废纸造纸废水可行性及主要影响因素进行了研究。试验结果表明，生物接触氧化法处理OCC废纸造纸废水效果较好，接种污泥类型对于反应器启动有明显的影响，采用同类废水生化处理系统污泥接种时启动快，效果好；有机物的去除率随HRT（水力停留时间）的增加而增加，但HRT足够长时再增加HRT对处理效果影响不大；去除率随着曝气量的增加呈现先升高后下降的趋势，实验确定最佳气水比为50：1；温度在40℃时CODCr的去除率最高，低于20℃和高于50℃时CODCr的去除率急剧下降。     

SBR处理碱法草浆中段废水的研究

采用SBR工艺对水解-酸化预处理后的碱法草浆中段废水进行处理.考察了SBR工艺对CODCr、BOD5、SS的处理效果以及pH值、曝气时间等条件对CODCr去除率的影响.运行结果表明,在pH值为8左右,进水CODCr为750 mg/L时,CODCr、BOD5、SS的去除率分别在86%、92%、93%以上.     

碱性亚钠法制浆中段废水处理系统的调试和运行

对碱性亚钠法制浆中段废水生化处理的调试和运行特点进行了研究。主要工艺为水解酸化-接触氧化-混凝法,分析了进水流量和污染物浓度变化对处理效果的影响,为该工艺的调试运行提供指导。工程实践表明,该工艺处理效果良好,运行费用较低,生化段CODCr去除率达到80％以上,出水达标排放。     

造纸废水中Cr6+和Cu2+对生物膜处理系统影响的研究

在水解酸化一接触氧化法处理废纸造纸废水过程中,分别不断加入浓度逐渐升高的Cr6 和Cu2 ,研究其对生物膜系统处理效果及微生物毒性的影响.结果表明当进水中cr6 浓度由O增加到60mg/L后,水解酸化段好氧及兼性厌氧微生物数量由5.5×10 5CFU/mL降低至5×1O5CFU/mL,系统出水CODcr去除率由85%降低至55%;当进水中CUZ 浓度由O增加到10mg/L后,水解酸化段好氧及兼性厌氧微生物数量由5.5×105CFU/mL降低至4.1×105CFU/mL,系统出水CODcr去除率由85%降46%.说明同等浓度的铜离子对生物膜处理系统的毒性要比铬离子的更大.     

水解酸化-SBR工艺处理糖厂废水的中试研究

本论文针对糖厂的混和废水处理问题,采用水解酸化-SBR工艺对混和废水进行处理,经中试运行结果表明:当水力停留时间(HRT)为4h,进水废水化学需氧量(COD)为1000mg/L时,首先利用水解酸化工艺处理则混合废水的COD去除率可达到25%;然后经循环周期为8h的序批式活性污泥法(SBR)处理能保证COD去除率达到90%。混和废水经本试验设计的工艺处理后可以达到污水综合排放标准。     

洗毛衣废水生化处理工艺研究

文章采用水解酸化-间歇式接触氧化法对广东江门市某毛织厂毛衣出厂前的洗涤废水的处理进行了研究.通过研究缺氧柱内pH值及CODCr随时间变化,得出缺氧时间不应该超过8 h,4～8 h为宜.由24 h的停留时间实验结果分析可知,缺氧柱的填充比大于1:9时,即可取得较高的CODCr去除率.8 h水解酸化出水进行接触氧化实验,经过6 h的处理,CODCr由250 mg/L降解到60mg/L以下.序批式生物膜法有很好的除磷效果,磷在2 h之内可以降到0.5 mg/L以下.用水解酸化-接触氧化工艺处理洗毛衣废水,最佳的处理工艺参数是:水解酸化时间4～8 h,接触氧化池6～8 h.     

UASB反应器处理木薯酒精废水的几个环境因素分析

维持进水浓度、HRT和回流比一定,研究了进水碱度、温度、氮磷营养元素三个环境因素对UASB处理木薯酒精废水的调控作用.实验结果表明,随着进水碱度、温度的提高,COD去除率和产气率提高并逐步趋于稳定,温度达到40℃,进水碱度为200 mg/L时,COD去除率和产气率接近最高,再提高进水碱度和温度对反应器处理效果影响不大;在40℃,进水碱度控制在200 mg/L时,添加氮磷元素能提高系统的COD去除率和产气率,COD:N:P=200:5:1时为本实验最佳处理效果点,COD去除率和产气率分别达到达到91.83%和7.654 L/L·d.     

水解酸化-好氧工艺处理OCC废纸造纸废水

采用水解酸化(ABR)-好氧工艺处理废纸制浆造纸废水，研究结果表明，水力停留时间的改变对于ABR反应器的处理效果影响不大，但对接触氧化反应器的运行有较明显的影响。水力停留时间6h时，ABR反应器出水的BOD5／CODCr可达0．56，可生化性明显提高。在稳定流量条件下，进水pH值对CODCr的去除有较大影响。pU值为6时，总出水CODCr的去除率达94．7％，ABR出水的可生化性最好，BOD5／CODCr为0．57。     

泸型白酒废水上流式厌氧污泥床反应工艺处理

在工业规模装置上对泸型白酒废水上流式厌氧污泥床反应工艺进行了实验研究,主要考察了pH值、容积负荷、温度、污泥量、进水固体悬浮物量和挥发性脂酸酸对化学需氧量（CODcr）去除效果的影响。结果表明,上流式厌氧污泥床反应可有效去除泸型白酒废水中的CODcr;pH值在6.2～7.8范围内CODcr去除率呈抛物线趋势,在pH值7.0左右最佳;容积负荷在8 000～10 000 mg/L范围内随负荷增大而CODcr去除率增加,之后逐渐降低;温度宜控制36～38 ℃范围内;进水固体悬浮物量宜低于1 800 mg/L;污泥量宜占总体积的20%左右;挥发性脂酸酸浓度最适范围＜2.5 mmol/L;工艺CODcr去除率达到了85%以上,处理能力满足了实际生产的要求,运行效果良好。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.