黄连生物碱降低卷烟主流烟气中苯并[α]芘的研究

为研究植物生物碱对卷烟主流烟气中苯并[α]芘含量的降低作用,从含有大量异喹啉结构季铵碱的黄连根茎中提取出黄连总生物碱及其单体,采用苯并[α]芘荧光淬灭实验研究黄连生物碱对苯并[α]芘的清除作用,通过不同添加方式将黄连生物碱添加在卷烟滤嘴中,研究其对卷烟烟气中苯并[α]芘的降低作用。结果表明,黄连生物碱对苯并[α]芘的结合常数为(2.0～9.0)×103,相关系数为0.987～0.998,黄连生物碱对苯并[α]芘的清除能力大小依次为巴马汀>黄连总生物碱>小檗碱>黄连碱;随着滤嘴中黄连生物碱添加量的增加,烟气中苯并[α]芘的含量降低,活性炭纤维载体可提高黄连生物碱对卷烟烟气中苯并[α]芘的降低率。卷烟滤嘴中添加负载120mg/g巴马汀的ACF15mg/cig制成黄连生物碱复合滤嘴,与空白对照卷烟比,烟气中苯并[α]芘的降低率可达25.16%。     

茶质纸-醋纤二复合滤嘴在卷烟中的应用

为降低吸烟对人体的危害,进行了由绿茶制成的茶质纸-醋酸纤维二复合滤嘴(茶质滤嘴)在卷烟中的应用试验.结果表明:与对照滤嘴卷烟相比,①荼质滤嘴卷烟焦油、烟气烟碱降低10%左右,而CO无明显变化;②茶质滤嘴卷烟烟气气相自由基和固相自由基分别降低26.25%～27.14%和28.15%～30.64%;③茶质滤嘴卷烟烟气中NNN、NAT、NAB、NNK及总TSNAs分别降低19.88%～20.29%、15.3%～16.89%、25.53%～26.53%、18.02%～19.10%和18.68%～19.25%;④茶质滤嘴卷烟烟气中苯并[a]芘、苯并[a]蒽、<艹 屈>和总PAHs分别降低26.27%～27.87%、26.42%～26.61%、22.37%～24.57%、24.76%～25.58%;⑤茶质滤嘴卷烟烟气中o-苯二酚、m-苯二酚、p-甲酚、总酚分别降低32.02%～33.07%、36.36%～36.84%、39.13%～39.22%、16.47%～17.61%,而p-苯二酚和苯酚的降低幅度小于10%;⑥荼质滤嘴卷烟的感官质量无明显变化.     

卷烟烟气焦油量与某些代表性致癌物含量的分析

测定了不同牌号卷烟烟气焦油量与烟气中的 3,4-苯并 [a]芘、N -亚硝胺等致癌物含量。结果发现 ,市售不同牌号卷烟烟气焦油量与致癌物含量各不相同 ,而对于某一特定牌号卷烟来说 ,焦油量降低后 ,焦油中 3,4-苯并 [a]芘含量相应降低 ;滤嘴对这些致癌物有较高的截留效果。     

介孔材料选择性降低卷烟烟气中苯并(a)芘的研究

本文根据介孔材料择形催化的原理,研制出了可选择性降害且适合于烟草工业应用的介孔材料。在降低卷烟烟气苯并(a)芘的试验中,考察了M48介孔材料和金属元素掺杂的MeM48介孔材料与卷烟烟气作用效果,发现在基本上不改变卷烟风格的基础上,MeM48和M48均可以选择性降低卷烟烟气中的苯并(a)芘,且降低率明显高于文献报道值;同时还发现无论将材料介入到卷烟滤嘴中还是烟丝中,MeM48介孔材料降低苯并(a)芘的效果明显优于M48材料。      

不同材料组合对卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘释放量的影响

为研究不同卷烟材料参数(卷烟纸、接装纸和成型纸透气度,复合滤嘴丝端和嘴端丝束规格(丝束指数I),添加剂A(安息香树脂)和B(香柠檬油)用量对卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)释放量的影响,采用均匀设计实验方案制备了不同材料组合的试验卷烟样品,通过因子影响效应分析方法对主流烟气中B[a]P释放量数据进行了分析,并对优化的卷烟材料组合进行了验证。结果表明:1成型纸透气度对主流烟气中B[a]P释放量的影响不显著,其余6种因子对B[a]P释放量贡献的大小顺序为:添加剂B用量滤嘴丝端丝束指数I滤嘴嘴端丝束指数I=卷烟纸透气度接装纸透气度添加剂A用量,且存在着两两交互作用;2较低主流烟气B[a]P释放量的卷烟材料参数组合为:卷烟纸透气度50 CU、接装纸透气度400 CU、滤嘴丝端丝束规格3.5 Y/34 000、滤嘴嘴端丝束规格3.0 Y/35 000、添加剂A用量2.436 mg/支和添加剂B用量2.100 mg/支;3与正常生产的对照样品相比,采用优化的材料参数组合制备的卷烟样品其主流烟气B[a]P释放量降低了48.87%。     

UPLC法测定卷烟主流烟气中B[a]P的滤嘴截留效率

为考察苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)的滤嘴截留效率(FEs),建立了采用超高效液相色谱-荧光法(UPLC-FLD)测定滤嘴中苯并[a]芘截留量的方法。用环己烷萃取烟蒂滤嘴,萃取液蒸干后用乙腈溶解,采用超高效液相色谱分离,荧光检测器检测。复合滤嘴对苯并[a]芘的截留效率高于醋纤滤嘴。苯并[a]芘在1.02~40.80 ng/m L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R)为0.999 9。不同类型滤嘴中截留苯并[a]芘的回收率均在85.0%~94.3%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于7.5%,检出限为0.10 ng/g。该方法具有快速、灵敏、简便等优点,适合于烟用苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)的滤嘴截留效率(FEs)的测定。     

石墨烯纳米材料对卷烟主流烟气苯并[a]芘和苯酚的降低作用研究

研究了石墨烯纳米材料对卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘和苯酚释放量的影响作用。将石墨烯纳米材料用作卷烟滤棒的添加剂制备了石墨烯纳米-醋酸纤维二元复合滤棒并制备卷烟制品,利用气相色谱-质谱联用法和高效液相色谱法,对添加石墨烯纳米材料前后卷烟样品主流烟气中苯并[a]芘和苯酚含量进行检测,结果表明:石墨烯纳米材料对苯并[a]芘和苯酚释放量具有明显的选择性降低作用且时效性较长;石墨烯纳米材料对苯并[a]芘的降低幅度可达31.3%,对苯酚的降低幅度可达32.8%;卷烟的物理指标不因石墨烯的添加发生明显变化,且能够保持卷烟原有的吸味风格。     

卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘的HPLC测定

先用乙醇 +乙醚混合溶剂萃取卷烟烟气总粒相物 (TPM) ,再用中性氧化铝柱层析 ,然后 ,利用配有ODS -C18色谱柱的高效液相色谱仪 ,在以 90 %甲醇 + 10 %水为流动相 ,流速为 1mL min ,激发波长 2 86nm和发射波长 4 30nm的条件下测定了TPM中的苯并 [a]芘含量。苯并 [a]芘的回收率≥ 91.2 % ,方法的RSD <5 %。并采用该方法测定了 10种不同焦油量卷烟主流烟气中的苯并 [a]芘含量。结果表明 ,就所测定的卷烟而言 ,①在焦油量相近的情况下 ,混合型卷烟烟气中的苯并 [a]芘含量较烤烟型卷烟的低 8.2 9%～ 19.5 9% ;②无论是烤烟型还是混合型卷烟 ,随着卷烟焦油量的降低 ,虽然焦油中的苯并[a]芘总量明显降低 ,但单位量焦油中的苯并 [a]芘含量却明显增大。     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的苯并[a]芘

为准确、快速地测定卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘的含量,建立了液相色谱-大气压光电离-串联质谱测定卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘的方法。方法对助剂流速、萃取溶剂、烟支数和色谱质谱测定的条件进行了优化,结果表明,当甲苯流速为80μL/min,环己烷作为萃取溶剂,Agilent PAH(100 mm×2.1 mm,3.5μm)作为色谱柱,95%的乙腈和5%的水为流动相,色谱柱温度为40℃,方法检出限为0.15 ng/m L,苯并[a]芘回收率100%~107%,相对标准偏差小于10%,分析时间为6 min,与现行的GC-MS测定卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘的国家标准方法相比大大缩短了分析时间。该方法具有灵敏度高、分析时间短等优点,可以显著地提高分析的通量。     

卷烟烟气有害成分联合作用的细胞毒性

为评价卷烟烟气有害成分的细胞毒性及其联合作用,以人支气管上皮细胞(BEASe-2B细胞)为靶细胞,分别用卷烟烟气中5种有害成分4-甲基亚硝基-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)、氨、苯并[a]芘、苯酚和巴豆醛单独及两两联合染毒,用MTT法测定染毒24 h后的细胞存活率,计算细胞的平均半数致死剂量(LC50),用效应图解法对联合作用进行评价.结果显示:①NNK、氨、苯并[a]芘、苯酚和巴豆醛的LC50分别为87.2、395.5、5.4、61.9和6.9 mg/L;②NNK与氨、NNK与苯并[a]芘、NNK与苯酚、NNK与巴豆醛、氨与苯并[a]芘、氨与苯酚、氨与巴豆醛、苯并[a]芘与苯酚、苯并[a]芘与巴豆醛、苯酚与巴豆醛的LC50分别为46.2、10.9、14.1、30.4、76.4、86.1、39.0、6.1、1.1和22.1 mg/L;③(NNK与氨、NNK与苯并[a]芘、NNK与苯酚、苯并[a]芘与苯酚、苯并[a]芘与巴豆醛、氨与巴豆醛存在明显的协同作用,而NNK与巴豆醛、苯并[a]芘与氨、苯酚与氨、苯酚与巴豆醛之间无协同作用.因此,卷烟烟气有害成分的细胞毒性存在明显差异,其联合作用的细胞毒性效应各不相同.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status