基于本体的因果关系模型用于故障停机诊断

为提高生产制造设备的有效作业率,减少故障停机时间,以冲压生产线上的故障停机案例为研究对象。通过对故障停机诊断过程所蕴含信息内容的深入分析,给出故障停机诊断本体的描述;并提出故障停机诊断的元故障定义,建立了元故障之间的内在因果关系模型;结合CBR基本理论,提出元故障案例库的组织和处理方法,以及基于元故障因果关系模型的推理机制;最后,通过实例验证和说明该模型具有良好的应用效果。     

SS_3型电力机车抱轴瓦故障分析及防治

文章通过对SS3型电力机车抱轴瓦温度检测数据诊断、分析,判断抱轴瓦合金碾片和剥离故障,分析故障产生原因,并提出相应处理和防治措施,避免因抱轴瓦故障造成机车走行部烧轴化瓦恶性故障发生。     

高压电力电缆的故障及诊断处理分析

高压电力电缆属于大型电气企业中的核心设备的组成部分,主要具有维护工作量小、稳定性高等特点,但是在电力电缆长时间的运行过程中以及其他外界因素的影响,再加上检修工作中存在的不规范操作,很容易使其出现故障问题,在对故障进行诊断处理的时候,需要检修人员快速、准确的找到故障位置以及对故障的性质进行归类,以便于高压电力电缆能迅速的恢复正常运作。     

装载机故障诊断问题探讨

随着经济和科学技术的快速发展,装载机的应用也越来越广泛,而对于装载机这种设备,如果在运行中发生故障,不近会影响正常的生产和运营,甚至还会产生极为严重的后果以及不可挽回的损失。因此,必须要了解装载机故障及其诊断的有关问题,以减少和避免装载机发生故障带来的不利影响。     

数控设备常见故障研究

针对生产实践中数控设备常见故障,文章从机械、电气、液压等方面分析故障原因,提出了诊断方法。实践证明提出的故障解决方法实用有效。     

汽轮机常见振动故障和诊断方法探析

故障诊断是汽轮机维护管理工作的重要内容之一,在生产实际当中,汽轮机是关键设备,但由于系统复杂,而且运行的环境特殊,因此汽轮机的故障效率非常高,并产生一定的危害性。汽轮机的振动故障就是其中一种常见故障模式之一,本文将以汽轮机常见振动故障为研究主线,在分析故障问题的基础上,对如何采取诊断的方法,展开深入探讨。     

制革设备故障的科学诊所方法

长期以来,有关设备故障的诊断工作在制革企业一直是个空白,人们通常的做法是,待设备出了故障后方停机检查修理,甚至明知设备有了故障还继续带病运行。另一方面,制革工厂对设备故障进行诊断的手段一般也比较落后,基本上以感官检测为主。显然这种状态与现代企业的设备管理极不相称。本文将介绍关于设备故障科学诊断的一般概念,并针对制革企业常见的设备失效形式,简要地介绍一些工厂有条件采用的机器故障技术诊断方法。     

织机故障类型与诊断

探讨了织机故障分类、故障信息收集与分析,提出了"把握故障现象特征,思路开阔,先易后难,从简单到复杂,对设备逐步解剖"的分析原则。并以PAT型喷气织机为例介绍了故障树分析法。     

变压器的故障诊断技术研究

变压器在电力系统中发挥着非常重要的作用,而在变压器长期的运行过程中,容易受到多种因素的影响导致发生各种运行故障,严重影响了电力系统的安全性和稳定性,因此必须高度重视变压器的故障诊断,结合其故障类型,采取科学合理的故障诊断技术,加强变压器运行维护,提高变压器的故障诊断技术水平。文章分析了变压器常见的故障类型,阐述了变压器的故障诊断技术,以供参考。     

机械设备故障的诊断方法探讨

结合笔者多年来进行机械设备故障诊断方面的工作实践经验,并查阅了国内外大量相关的文献,介绍了机械设备故障的表现形式,阐述了机械设备故障诊断的几种技术,详细探讨了机械设备故障的诊断方法。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.