干酪生产用发酵剂的筛选

概述了干酪的营养特点及生产用菌种所具备的特性,对本实验室现有的4种单一菌株和7种混合菌株的发酵性能和生化特性进行了研究,优选出了适于干酪加工的2株优良菌种L3（乳酸乳球菌）和L6（干酪乳杆菌：瑞士乳杆菌=1：1）。     

不同发酵剂对半硬质干酪品质影响研究

利用筛选的一种单一菌株(乳酸乳球菌)和两种混合菌株(乳酸乳球菌干酪乳杆菌(1:1)、瑞士乳杆菌:干酪乳杆菌(1:1))制作发酵剂,然后用于加工半硬质干酪,通过测定成熟干酪的性能指标,研究它们对干酪品质的影响.结果表明,瑞士乳杆菌:干酪乳杆菌(1:1)制作的干酪感官评定值最高,且与另外两种菌株制作的干酪差异显著;结合其他性能指标,确定适于半硬质干酪加工的最佳发酵剂菌株为瑞士乳杆菌:干酪乳杆菌(1:1).     

新型发酵兔肉的研究

通过比较植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum，简称Lp)，干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei，简称Lc)、乳酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus lactis，简称Ll)、乳酸链球菌(Streptococcus lactis，简称S1)、短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis，简称Lb)等5株乳酸菌在兔肉汁培养基中的产酸性，筛选出产酸能力较强的Ll、Lc作为发酵菌株，对兔肉进行双菌株混合发酵。试验结果表明：发酵16-20h，产品质量较好；发酵结束后，产品经加热处理，风味更佳。     

切达干酪发酵菌种的特性测定及发酵干酪的评价

对实验室研究较为成熟的2株乳酸乳球菌进行发酵产酸、产黏测定,同时对其蛋白水解能力进行评价;并对单菌株、不同比例组合菌株制备的切达干酪进行质构特性评价、感官分析和风味物质测定。测定结果表明:乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种KLDS4.0424是主要的产酸菌种;与商业发酵剂相比,实验室菌株的蛋白水解能力和产黏能力相对较弱;乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种KLDS4.0424与乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种KLDS4.0326按1∶1接种制作的干酪具有良好的成熟度、质地和风味,具备开发成干酪发酵剂的潜力。     

乳清发酵饮料菌株的筛选

概述了乳清的营养特点和生产用菌株应具备的特性,对实验室4株单一菌株和4种混合菌株的发酵特性进行了试验和对比,筛选出适合乳清发酵饮料的2株菌∶J4乳酸乳球菌和J7(干酪乳杆菌∶乳酸乳球菌=1∶1)。     

干酪乳杆菌基因组改组菌株耐酸性表征

本实验对干酪乳杆菌基因组改组菌株的耐酸性进行了研究,结果表明,冷冻( － 80℃)和临界pH 值(pH3.2)对干酪乳杆菌基因组改组菌株影响不显著,HCl 和游离乳酸对该菌株生长有一定影响,游离乳酸影响更大。在pH5.0 条件下发酵60h,干酪乳杆菌改组菌株获得的菌体干重为6.34g/L,乳酸产量为87.6g/L,比原始菌株耐酸性有显著提高。     

细菌发酵生产L-乳酸高产菌株的选育

本文利用紫外线诱变方法，对出发菌株干酪乳杆菌YBQ1-1进行诱变处理，以CaCO3-溴甲酚紫平板、高锰酸钾-溴化钾平板、高糖平板、乳酸梯度平板、纯乳酸平板进行筛选，最后得到一株正向突变株YBQH2-14，其L-乳酸产量达到93g／L，对糖转化率达到77．5％，比出发菌株产酸提高48．5％。     

混合乳干酪生产工艺研究(1)混合乳干酪最佳凝乳条件初探

试验筛选了凝乳性能良好的菌种,通过球菌和杆菌复配优化出了最佳的混合菌种.同时对5种凝乳酶和4种钙化合物进行了筛选,最后得到混合乳干酪生产中这几种主要影响因素的最佳选择.结果表明最佳发酵剂为干酪乳杆菌99108+嗜热链球菌(11),最佳凝乳酶为皱胃酶,最佳钙化合物为乳酸钙.     

益生菌酸奶的工艺研究

以保加利亚乳杆菌(Lb)、嗜热链球菌(St)、干酪乳杆菌(Lc)、罗依氏乳杆菌(Lr)混合菌发酵,得到益生菌酸奶.正交结果表明,干酪乳杆菌、罗依氏乳杆菌可以应用于酸奶发酵,发酵工艺为:保加利亚乳杆菌:嗜热链球菌:干酪乳杆菌:罗依氏乳杆菌为3:3:2:2,发酵温度39℃,接种量0.25%(DVS),加糖量8%,凝乳时间5h.     

干酪乳杆菌纯种发酵燕麦乳工艺及其产品质量分析

针对目前益生菌发酵乳制品多为混合菌种发酵动物源乳制品的研究现状,本研究以燕麦为主要原料,通过制备纯燕麦乳,酶解,添加20%牛乳和7%蔗糖以及适量乳化剂与稳定剂,组成发酵培养基,以发酵乳制品中选育出的生长繁殖力强,发酵活力高的干酪乳杆菌05-20为试验菌株,研究接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间等单因素对干酪乳杆菌纯种发酵燕麦乳产品质量的影响。采用响应面试验优化干酪乳杆菌纯种发酵燕麦乳产品的工艺条件,分析干酪乳杆菌纯种发酵燕麦乳的产品质量,包括:感官、理化与营养成分、益生菌活菌含量与功能性成分、食品安全性、贮藏稳定性。结果表明:干酪乳杆菌纯种发酵燕麦乳的最适工艺条件为:接种量5.0%,发酵温度37℃,发酵时间5.3 h。该发酵乳呈微黄色,质地均匀细腻,酸甜可口,具有浓郁的燕麦香气和发酵香气,发酵乳活菌数达8.8×108 CFU/mL,滴定酸度49.05°T,蛋白质含量1.76 g/100 g,脂肪含量0.75 g/100 g,必需氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的55.92%,不饱和脂肪酸含量约占总脂肪酸含量的79.20%,燕麦β-葡聚糖的含量(92.00±1.29)μg/mL,总酚含量(13.00±0.38)μg/mL,抗消化物质质量分数(19.61±0.02)%,未检测出致病微生物和毒素,保质期为24 d。研究结果为工业化生产以植物蛋白燕麦为主的干酪乳杆菌纯种发酵乳制品提供了理论依据,也为新型益生菌发酵其它植物蛋白乳制品提供了新途径。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.