枇杷叶速溶粉制备工艺优化及其性能研究

为采用喷雾干燥制备速溶枇杷叶粉,采用正交实验对影响溶解度的进风温度、进料流量、枇杷叶提取物固形物含量、β-环糊精添加量进行研究,并对喷雾干燥制备的枇杷叶粉的特性进行研究。结果表明:喷雾干燥制备枇杷叶速溶粉的最佳工艺条件为:进风温度210℃、进料流量28mL/min、固形物含量23%、β-环糊精量5%。该条件下制备的速溶粉,粒度(D90)=232.5±2.1μm,总三萜、总黄酮含量分别达到15.52±1.53mg/kg、9.02±1.13mg/kg,溶解性达到(3.1±0.1)s,表明喷雾干燥是速溶枇杷叶粉制备的适宜方法。     

草莓速溶粉喷雾干燥工艺的研究

探究草莓速溶粉的最佳喷雾干燥工艺条件,以草莓为原料,进行草莓速溶粉喷雾干燥工艺优化研究。以草莓速溶粉出粉率为指标,对进样流量、β-环糊精添加量、可溶性固形物含量和进风温度4个因素根据Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理进行响应面分析。结果表明:进料流量850 mL/h、β-环糊精添加量0.7%、可固形物含量16%、进风温度180℃、出粉率达到44.27%此条件下喷雾干燥效果最佳。     

响应面法优化黑蒜酶解液喷雾干燥工艺

为获得营养价值高、溶解性能好的黑蒜粉,以新鲜大蒜为原料,采用固态分段变温发酵方式制备黑蒜,并对黑蒜进行酶解处理,使用喷雾干燥的方法对黑蒜酶解液进行制粉。在单因素试验的基础上,选择进风温度、料液浓度和进风流量为自变量,以出粉率为响应值,运用Box-Behnken试验对其喷雾干燥条件进行优化,且对黑蒜粉的品质进行研究。结果表明:用果胶酶和纤维素酶对黑蒜酶解后,其可溶性固形物得率达82.5%,且当酶解液浓度调至18%,麦芽糊精添加量为料液浓度的55%,进风温度174℃、进风流量0.45 m~3/min时,黑蒜粉得率为42.07%,含水率小于5%,符合固体饮料标准。由此说明,复合酶解与喷雾干燥相结合的工艺能有效应用于黑蒜粉加工。     

雪莲果果粉喷雾干燥工艺研究

实验以感官评分值为考察指标,通过对助干剂种类,助干剂添加量以及喷雾干燥工艺中料液固形物含量、进料量、进风温度的正交试验,经方差分析后优化出雪莲果喷雾干燥的工艺。通过实验对优化工艺的稳定性进行验证,对产品进行理化和微生物检验。优化的雪莲果喷雾干燥工艺为:3%的β-环糊精为助干剂,料液固形物含量为35%,进料流量20 mL/min,进风温度160℃。     

鸭骨泥酶解液喷雾干燥工艺研究

利用实验型喷雾干燥机对鸭骨泥酶解液进行喷雾干燥,为制备热反应型肉味香精提供原料,主要研究了β-环糊精浓度、进料速度和进风温度对鸭骨泥酶解液喷雾干燥效果的影响,并对鸭骨泥酶解液喷雾干燥粉的氨基酸组成进行了测定.实验结果表明:鸭骨泥酶解液的最佳喷雾干燥条件为β-环糊精浓度2 g/dL,进料速度0.278 mL/s,进风温度230℃,在此最佳喷雾干燥条件下鸭骨泥酶解液喷雾干燥粉感官评分为9.3,水分含量0.87%,溶解度75.68 g/100g,润湿性为30 s,含有17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸7种,占氨基酸总量的48.66%.     

喷雾干燥法生产胡萝卜粉的工艺研究

采用正交试验对喷雾干燥法制备胡萝卜粉的工艺条件进行研究,结果表明,喷雾干燥最佳工艺参数是进风温度190 ℃,进料速率25 mL/min,β-环糊精添加量8%,此时集粉率可达22.8%.     

固体蜂蜜粉的喷雾干燥加工工艺研究

对固体蜂蜜粉的制备工艺进行研究。考察了芯壁比、固形物含量、进风温度、进料量对固体蜂蜜粉得率的影响,确定最优的制备工艺条件:芯壁质量比0.8∶1,固形物含量50 g/100g,进风温度200℃,进料量50 mL/min。     

喷雾干燥法生产孜然微胶囊工艺研究

研究了孜然挥发油微胶囊的生产工艺.选用β-环糊精作壁材,采用四因素三水平响应面设计确定最佳微胶囊生产条件.实验确定孜然挥发油微胶囊化的最佳工艺:芯材与壁材比为6:7、进风温度210℃、可溶性固形物含量30％、均质压力25 MPa,在此条件下挥发油的理论包埋率为86.7％.     

草莓粉喷雾干燥工艺参数及助干剂配料的研究

研究了草莓粉喷雾干燥工艺参数对干燥效果的影响,并对加工草莓粉的助干剂配料进行了探讨。结果表明,进风温度200℃、入料流量60mL/min、喷头转速25000r/min时喷雾干燥的效果较好;料液中添加助干剂配料为(占固形物含量)2.5%的卵磷脂、2.5%的β-环糊精、3.0%的可溶性淀粉时可得到优质的草莓粉。     

喷雾干燥法制备武夷岩茶速溶茶粉的工艺研究

以回收利用武夷岩茶下脚料和丰富茶产品市场作为宗旨,将武夷岩茶茶梗提取的茶汤作为原料,采用喷雾干燥法制备速溶茶粉。以茶粉得率为考察指标,采用单因素实验和正交试验相结合,对喷雾干燥的进料口温度、进料流量和茶汤中可溶性固形物含量三因素进行工艺参数的优化,并做成品质量检验。结果表明:进料口温度150℃、进料流量3.0L/h及茶汤中可溶性固形物含量18%,为喷雾干燥的最适工艺条件。在此工艺下制备岩茶茶粉,得率为16.93%,且成品质量符合相关标准的要求。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the