响应面法优化皮状丝孢酵母产油脂发酵培养基

以皮状丝孢酵母（Trichosporon cutaneum）为出发菌株,对其产油脂的发酵培养基进行研究。以油脂产量为评价指标,通过单因素试验研究发酵培养基中的碳源、氮源、外源因子对油脂产量的影响,然后利用响应面试验对培养基进行优化。结果表明,最佳培养基配方为葡萄糖97.6 g/L、玉米浆干粉4.4 g/L、乙酸钠0.09 g/L。在该优化条件下,皮状丝孢酵母的油脂产量达到了14.4 g/L。     

双菌混合发酵丢糟生产微生物油脂的研究

探索利用假丝酵母和皮状丝孢酵母混合发酵丢糟生产微生物油脂的最佳工艺条件.在对假丝酵母和皮状丝孢进行驯化培养的基础上,设定假丝酵母和皮状丝孢酵母的比例、接种量、培养温度、培养时间为4个因素,进行L9(34)正交试验,通过测定油脂含量,获得油脂生产的最佳工艺条件.研究结果表明,双菌发酵丢糟生产微生物油脂的最佳工艺条件:假丝酵母和皮状丝孢酵母的比例为1:1,接种量为9％,培养温度为32℃,培养时间为4d,在该条件下测得每1000g丢糟发酵物中油脂含量为21.14g.     

常压室温等离子诱变与微生物微滴培养选育几丁质脱乙酰基酶高产菌株

该研究将室温等离子（ARTP）诱变与微生物微滴培养（MMC）技术应用于几丁质脱乙酰基酶（CDA）高产菌株的诱变选育,构建高产CDA菌株的诱变及高通量筛选方法。结果表明,经过4轮的ARTP诱变及MMC筛选,从200个不同的液滴中共筛选出5个发酵产酶明显提升的液滴,并通过进一步的平板筛选、24-深孔板复筛,获得了17株产酶提高300%以上的诱变菌株。通过对比分析17株高产菌株产CDA的能力,确定了1株最佳CDA高产菌株B4,其CDA最大产量比出发菌株提高了3.15倍,发酵产酶总量达到419.11 U/mL,为原始菌种的3.90倍。该研究为CDA高产菌株的诱变选育及高通量筛选提供了借鉴。     

常温常压等离子体诱变选育高产L-异亮氨酸谷氨酸棒杆菌

以谷氨酸棒杆菌（Corynebacterium glutamicum）23798为原始菌株,对其进行常温常压等离子体（ARTP）诱变,以磺胺胍抗性和氨基酸与茚三酮特异显色为筛选标记,以期得到高产L-异亮氨酸的诱变谷氨酸棒杆菌,并对其遗传稳定性进行研究。结果表明,原始菌株23798经过ARTP诱变处理180 s后,经0.4 mg/mL磺胺胍抗性筛选、多孔板高通量筛选、发酵培养复筛,选育出一株高产L-异亮氨酸诱变谷氨酸棒杆菌（Corynebacterium glutamicum）B1。该菌株在摇瓶中发酵培养48 h,L-异亮氨酸产量达18.5 g/L,比原始菌株提高62.03%,且遗传性状稳定。     

含乙酸玉米芯水解液中四株油脂酵母联产多糖与油脂的研究

为了研究木质纤维素水解液中高浓度乙酸的存在对油脂酵母发酵的影响,本研究以4株油脂酵母(皮状丝孢酵母、浅白隐球酵母、Trichosporon dermatis与Trichosporon coremiiforme)为研究对象,在玉米芯水解液中添加高浓度乙酸(15 g/L)作为发酵底物,研究发酵的底物代谢与产物积累规律。结果表明:发酵培养基中的糖与乙酸几乎可被皮状丝孢酵母与T.dermatis完全代谢;而T.coremiiforme与浅白隐球酵母对糖与有机酸的代谢效果不佳。皮状丝孢酵母与T.dermatis在高效降低高底物浓度培养基的COD的同时,可在胞外合成一定浓度的多糖产品。四株油脂酵母的油脂脂肪酸组成以C16、C18系列为主,其中油酸(C18:1)比例最高;除合成微生物油脂外,它们还能在胞内大量积累多糖类物质以及少量的蛋白质与灰分。本文可为油脂酵母利用廉价原料联产酵母多糖与微生物油脂这两种高附加值食品提供参考。     

常压室温等离子体诱变筛选高乳糖酶活力酵母的研究

探讨常压室温等离子体(ARTP)诱变筛选高乳糖酶活力乳酸克鲁维酵母的条件。以ARTP诱变育种方法为诱变手段,对乳酸克鲁维酵母进行不同时长(10 s依次增加到300 s)的诱变处理,并结合高通量筛选方法快速筛选出33株乳糖酶活力提高50%以上的突变菌株。通过复筛最终得到4株高乳糖酶活力的突变菌株,采用三角瓶摇床培养,结果表明:筛选得到的突变菌株的乳糖酶活力均大于原始菌株,其中最大乳糖酶活力提高到0.257 U/mL,是原始菌株(0.090 U/mL)的2.8倍;4株突变菌株生长速度比原始菌株显著提高。ARTP诱变育种技术结合高通量筛选方法是1种快速、有效的新型微生物诱变育种方法。     

产脂肪酶菌株的常压室温等离子体诱变及高通量筛选方法的建立

脂肪酶由于可催化的反应种类和底物类别多,且具有位置选择性和异构体选择性等特点而常用于结构酯的合成和油脂改性等领域。丝孢酵母(Trichosporon sp.)是一种产脂肪酶菌种,但生产能力偏低是限制该菌实现工业化生产的重要因素。本研究利用常压室温等离子体(ARTP)对丝孢酵母野生菌进行诱变处理,并建立了96孔板培养结合对硝基苯酚棕榈酸酯(P-NPP)法测定酶活力的高通量筛选方法,实现了60个突变菌株的初筛。以酶活力为筛选指标时,突变率和正突变率分别为51.7%和28.3%。8株初筛菌株的摇瓶发酵结果显示,A13和A5的产酶提高最显著,培养96 h后分别比野生菌增加2.64倍和1.54倍,且2个突变菌株的遗传稳定性良好。对比研究发现,突变菌株A13相较野生菌的最大优势在于提前24 h便能达到最高产酶量。     

皮状丝孢酵母在酶法水解丢糟生产微生物油脂中的应用

以大曲丢糟为主要原料,利用纤维素酶为催化剂,以皮状丝孢酵母为生产菌,采用正交试验进行微生物油脂发酵研究。结果表明,丢糟酶解的最佳工艺条件为：纤维素酶添加量为0．5％,水解温度为55℃,水解时间1．5h,所得丢糟水解液还原糖含量为9．83％;皮状丝孢酵母发酵丢糟水解液生产微生物油脂的最佳工艺条件为：皮状丝孢酵母接种量为11％,培养温度为26℃,培养时间为7d,培养基的糖度为9。P。在最佳条件下测得皮状丝孢酵母生物量为0．3549g／100mL,油脂含量为23．89％。     

皮状丝孢酵母的高温驯化及细胞膜脂肪酸组成的测定

通过对产油皮状丝孢酵母T.cutaneum CX1进行高温驯化及平板筛选,获得7株耐高温菌株G1~G7。在42℃条件下耐高温菌株G3菌体干重、含油量及含油率分别为11.13、1.33 g/L及11.95%,较原始菌株分别提高32.8%、46.2%及10.0%,发酵优势明显。细胞膜脂肪酸组成的测定结果表明,同原始菌株相比,耐高温菌株G3细胞膜中饱和脂肪酸含量更高。当培养温度升高时,耐高温菌株G3细胞膜中饱和脂肪酸含量会进一步上升。     

皮状丝孢酵母菌发酵菊粉产油脂的研究

因皮状丝孢酵母是一株高产油脂酵母,对皮状丝孢酵母发酵菊粉产油脂进行了研究。考察了盐酸水解、菊粉酶水解及菊粉酶添加量对皮状丝孢酵母发酵菊粉产油脂的影响,实验结果表明:酶解菊粉的方法优于酸解,当菊粉酶添加量为80U/50mL发酵液时,皮状丝孢酵母生物量和油脂含量最高,分别达到13.49g/L和5.26g/L,油脂得率达到39%。皮状丝孢酵母发酵菊粉产的油脂中脂肪酸成分以含16和18个碳原子的长链脂肪酸为主,其中80.5%以上是C16:0、C18:1和C18:2,尤其是C18:1(53.1%)。因此,皮状丝孢酵母发酵菊粉生产的油脂可作制备生物柴油的替代原料。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.