膨胀石墨负载纳米铁的制备及其对水中Cr(Ⅵ)及染料的去除

为有效去除印花废水中的染料和花筒剥铬时形成的Cr(Ⅵ),合成了纳米零价铁(GS-NZVI)和膨胀石墨负载纳米零价铁(GS-EG-NZVI)2种新型吸附剂。借助场发射扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪等对二者进行表征。探讨了GS-EG-NZVI对水中的Cr(Ⅵ)和染料去除效果以及动力学和稳定性。结果表明:纳米级零价铁成功负载到膨胀石墨(EG)表面,且分散性较好;对于含有50 mg/L汽巴克隆藏青染料和20 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ)的溶液,加入2.5 g/L GS-EG-NZVI,在温度为50 ℃,pH值为2,超声波辅助的条件下反应35 min,染液脱色率为90.6%,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率为53.6%;GS-EG-NZVI对二者的去除符合伪二级动力学方程;将吸附剂置于空气中不同时间,GS-EG-NZVI 对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除活性明显高于GS-NZVI, GS-EG-NZVI较GS-NZVI有更高的稳定性。     

一种球形木质素吸附剂吸附L-天门冬氨酸的性能研究

以硫酸盐木质素为原料,利用反相悬浮技术制备出球形木质素吸附剂。利用球形木质素吸附剂吸附L-天门冬氨酸,并进行吸附条件的优选实验。结果表明,吸附效果取决于吸附时间、吸附质初始质量浓度、吸附质溶液pH值以及盐浓度等。当吸附时间150 min、吸附质初始质量浓度2000 mg/L、吸附质溶液pH值为3时,球形木质素吸附剂的平衡吸附容量可达518 mg/g,最大饱和吸附量达到625 mg/g。此外,无机盐氯化铵对球形木质素吸附剂吸附率的影响大于氯化钠,而且随着盐浓度的增大,吸附率从85.6%降至21.4%。同时进行了解吸再生和对比实验,发现用0.6 mol/L的氨水解吸时,解吸率可达99.3%,且再生后的木质素吸附剂仍具有很好的吸附性能。     

二氧化硅包覆型纳米零价铁/厌氧污泥协同降解2,4,6-三氯苯酚

利用二氧化硅包覆型纳米零价铁/厌氧污泥体系实现制浆造纸废水中的大量氯代芳香族难降解毒性物质的脱氯降解.通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)对二氧化硅包覆型纳米零价铁性能表征可知,制备的二氧化硅包覆型纳米零价铁呈球形,平均粒径在50 nm左右,为核壳结构;将二氧化硅包覆型纳米零价铁与厌氧污泥相结合,进行了两者之间相互影响研究,结果表明,体系pH值与氧化还原电位(ORP)呈现先下降后逐渐趋于平缓的趋势,并最终稳定在7.0和-400 mV左右,同时体系的电子传递体系(ETS)活性呈现先下降后稳定一段时间后再上升的趋势;2,4,6-三氯苯酚的降解效率从高到低依次为:二氧化硅包覆型纳米零价铁/厌氧污泥＞厌氧污泥＞二氧化硅包覆型纳米零价铁,最终降解率依次分别为96.7％、93.7％、73.2％.二氧化硅包覆型纳米零价铁与厌氧污泥之间存在明显的协同降解作用.     

改性纳米零价铁去除水中莠去津

[目的]研究改性纳米铁对水中莠去津的去除效果。[方法]采用液相还原法合成、并运用TH-904对纳米零价铁进行改性,采用SEM、TEM等手段对其进行表征及分析。[结果]改性纳米零价铁具有核壳结构,粒度分布均匀。当莠去津质量浓度为25.0 mg/L,改性纳米零价铁投加量为100 mg/L,pH值为4,20℃时,莠去津去除率可达70%以上。[结论]溶液pH值显著影响莠去津的去除,酸性条件有利其去除。纳米铁投加量和反应时间在一定范围内对莠去津的去除影响明显。     

球形木质素吸附剂吸附L-赖氨酸的性能研究

以硫酸盐木质索为原料,利用反相悬浮技术制备出球形木质素吸附剂,然后利用球形木质素吸附荆吸附L-赖氨酸,并进行吸附条件的优选实验.实验结果表明:吸附效果取决于吸附质溶液pH值、吸附质初始质量浓度、吸附时问、吸附温度以及无机盐盐浓度等.当吸附质溶液pH值为9.0时,吸附质初始质量浓度为300 mg/L,吸附时阃为120 min.吸附温度为25℃时球形木质素吸附剂的平衡吸附容量可达60.0 mg/g.此外,氯化铵对球形木质素吸附剂吸附容量的影响大于氯化钠,而且随着盐浓度的增大.吸附容量从60.0 mg/g降至2.6 mg/g.同时进行了解吸再牛和对比实验,发现用1.5 mol/L的氨水解吸时,解吸率可达93.3%.     

纳米零价铁-微纤化纤维素复合材料的制备及在造纸废水深度处理中的应用

以微纤化纤维素作为天然高分子载体,通过原位液相化学还原反应负载零价铁制备得到了纳米零价铁-微纤化纤维素(NZVI-MFC)复合材料。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和热重分析仪(TGA)来表征NZVI-MFC复合材料并研究其耐热性能,同时,将NZVI-MFC复合材料应用于造纸废水深度处理,探讨了NZVI-MFC复合材料添加量和废水初始pH值对废水处理效果的影响。结果表明,NZVI通过原位化学反应均匀负载到MFC基材上,在废水深度处理最佳条件下,造纸废水的COD_Cr和色度总去除率分别达到78.4%和90.7%。     

甜菜粕对Fe(Ⅲ)的吸附平衡和动力学研究

甜菜粕是一种富含膳食纤维的糖厂主要副产物,因其阳离子结合能力强常用于废水中重金属及色素的污染治理。本文研究了甜菜粕粒径和用量、反应时间、溶液中Fe3+初始浓度等因素对甜菜粕静态吸附人体必需宏量元素铁的影响,以及吸附反应平衡和动力学。结果表明,甜菜粕对铁的吸附量随着甜菜粕粒径减小、铁初始浓度的增加而增加;吸附平衡时间是80~100 min;在铁初始浓度0.001 mol/L,反应时间100 min和温度25 ℃的条件下,含水分93%、粒径75 μm~150 μm的废粕5 g/L可吸附除去溶液中65%铁;吸附过程可用准二级动力学模型描述（R2≥0.99）;吸附平衡数据与Freundlich型吸附等温线模型拟合性好,,说明甜菜粕对Fe（Ⅲ）的吸附不是理想的单分子层吸附. 甜菜粕因其廉价和高选择性,是制备高生物学效价有机铁剂的潜在底物。     

静电纺丝技术固载纳米零价铁研究进展

静电纺丝技术作为可制备纳米纤维的重要方法之一,近年来得到广泛的研究与应用,将其制备的纳米纤维作为纳米零价铁的载体,可克服纳米零价铁易团聚、较难实现固液分离等局限性,同时发挥纳米纤维因高比表面积而具有的膜特性。文章主要介绍了纳米零价铁颗粒的优缺点及其改良方法,并以静电纺丝技术为切入点首先阐述了该技术的优势及应用,进而总结了该技术制备的纳米纤维用以固载纳米零价铁的国内外研究进展。     

载锆蒙脱石对蔗糖溶液中没食子酸的吸附特性分析

该研究以氧氯化锆和蒙脱石为原料,通过共沉淀法制备载锆蒙脱石。通过扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和比表面积分析（BET）研究改性和吸附对载锆蒙脱石表观结构和表面基团的影响,并考察了载锆蒙脱石对蔗糖溶液的吸附特性。表征结果显示,载锆蒙脱石相较于蒙脱石表面更加粗糙,比表面积达到了204.47 m2/g,是改性前的3.39倍;表面有纳米小颗粒堆积,FT-IR和XPS结果证明氧化锆成功负载到蒙脱石表面,载锆蒙脱石等电点为7.39。吸附试验表明载锆蒙脱石吸附量相较于蒙脱石吸附量提高了102.54%,载锆蒙脱石对蔗糖溶液中没食子酸吸附的最佳pH为7.0,时间为300 min时达到平衡。吸附过程可以准二级吸附动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型准确描述,饱和吸附量达到129.87 mg/g;热力学研究表明吸附过程为吸热过程,能自发进行。经过5次再生后,载锆蒙脱石可以保持初次吸附量的80%以上。吸附过程主要通过静电引力和氧化锆的配位离子交换吸附没食子酸。综上所述,载锆蒙脱石对蔗糖溶液中没食子酸具有良好的吸附性能,是一种有前景的糖用吸附剂。     

海泡石负载钴氧化物催化氧化解聚木质素磺酸钠

制备了改性海泡石负载钴基催化剂Co_xO/m-Sep,用于催化氧化解聚木质素磺酸钠。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、比表面积与孔隙分析仪（BET）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对制备的催化剂进行表征,并研究了反应温度、反应时间、反应初始氧压对木质素磺酸钠催化氧化解聚效果的影响。结果表明,Co_xO/m-Sep体系中,在反应温度200 ℃,反应时间4 h,反应初始氧压1.0 MPa的条件下,木质素磺酸钠转化率可达91.7%,乙酸乙酯（EA）可溶性产物收率最高为16.1%,其中含有苯酚、苯甲酸和丁二酸二乙酯等化学品。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.