UPLC-MS/MS法同时检测水产品中喹诺酮类药物残留

利用UPLC-MS/MS技术建立一种同时检测水产品中喹诺酮类药物残留的分析方法.对样品进行前处理及分离条件的优化,样品经柠檬酸磷酸盐缓冲液(Mcllvaine)超声提取,采用固相萃取(SPE)方法净化提取液,并对目标物质进行富集,用UPLC-MS/MS法检测.结果表明:依诺沙星、奥索利酸、培氟沙星、帕珠沙星、氟罗沙星含量在3～300 μg/kg 范围,萘啶酸、氟甲喹含量在0.5～50 μg/kg 范围,其余13种喹诺酮类化合物含量在1～100μg/kg范围均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数0.9981～0.9999,定量限(LOQ)0.34～8.13 μg/kg.药物含量在5～150μg/kg范围,除氟甲喹、萘啶酸外,其它喹诺酮的回收率均在63.6%～92.8%之间,相对标准偏差1.51%～11.32%.该方法可满足水产品中喹诺酮类药物多残留检测的要求.     

同位素内标-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定禽类食品中喹诺酮与四环素残留量

摘 要：目的 建立测定禽类食品中11种喹诺酮与4种四环素兽药残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。方法 鸡肉和鸡蛋样品经Mcllvaine-Na2EDTA缓冲液提取,7%钨酸钠溶液沉淀蛋白,HLB柱净化后,喹诺酮类药物采用10 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%甲酸,v/v)与甲醇为流动相,四环素类药物采用0.1%甲酸与乙腈为流动相。两种类型药物均采用电喷雾电离,正离子扫描,多离子反应监测模式,基质匹配同位素内标,标准曲线法定量。结果 15种兽药残留在0.1~50.0 μg/L的浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r2均大于0.9927,检出限范围为0.05~0.20 μg/kg,平均回收率为60.6％~117.9％,相对标准偏差范围为0.51%~15.3%。采用建立的方法检测安徽省市售2016~2018年的鸡肉和鸡蛋样品中喹诺酮与四环素残留,检测结果通过食品安全指数(international foundation for science ,IFS)评估,发现鸡肉和鸡蛋中喹诺酮类IFS均值分别为0.00048 μg/kg?bw?d与0.000097 μg/kg?bw?d,四环素类IFS均值分别为0.00073 μg/kg?bw?d与0.00098μg/kg?bw?d,均小于1,说明其膳食暴露风险较低。结论 该方法的样品前处理沉淀蛋白完全,净化效果好,减少了基质效应的影响,适用于大批量禽类食品中喹诺酮与四环素兽药残留量的快速测定。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定淡水鱼和淡水虾中的11种喹诺酮类兽药残留量

目的 优化并建立 UPLC-MS /MS 法测定淡水鱼和淡水虾中 11 种喹诺酮类兽药残留的检测方法。方法 样品中的喹诺酮残留经酸化乙腈提取, C18基质分散固相萃取净化,超高效液相色谱－串联质谱测定其中11种喹诺酮类兽药残留量。结果 恶喹酸在1～50.0μg/L,其余10种喹诺酮类化合物在1～100.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,11种喹诺酮药物的检出限为0.0005mg/kg～0.0010mg/kg,定量限为0.0015mg/kg ～0.0030mg/kg,精密度＜ 12 % ,低、中、高三个浓度加标回收率为 70.0%～120.1% 。结论：该方法样品前处理简单、重现性好、灵敏度高、能满足限量标准的要求,可用于淡水鱼和淡水虾样品 中喹诺酮类药物残留的分析检测。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定蔬菜中65种除草剂的残留量

目的 建立蔬菜中65种不同类别除草剂的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测方法.方法 样品用乙腈超声提取后,经Carb/NH2柱净化,采用GC-MS检测,以基质匹配的标准校正曲线外标法定量.结果 除卞草唑的线性范围为20～1 000 μg/L,其他64种除草剂在10～1 000 μg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数均大于0.998;各农药的方法检出限为0.02 ～2.2 μg/kg,定量限为0.1～ 7.4 μg/kg;以空白蔬菜样品(选取油菜为代表性基质)进行加标水平为5、10和20 μg/kg的加标回收试验,除扑草灭和乙氧苯草胺的回收率在41.1％ ～59.4％之间外,各除草剂的回收率均在60.9％～117.9％之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)低于14.0％.对9份蔬菜样品(包括土豆、油菜、白菜、菠菜)进行检测,1份样品(白菜)检出氟乐灵,其含量为2.0 μg/kg.结论 该检测方法快速、简便、准确,适用于蔬菜样品中除草剂类农药残留的检测.     

滤过型净化-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆/复合线性离子阱质谱法测定草鱼肌肉冻干粉中4种硝基呋喃类代谢物

目的 建立一种基于滤过型净化柱净化,结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)测定草鱼肌肉冻干粉中4种硝基呋喃类代谢物的快速检测方法。方法 制备阴性草鱼肌肉冻干粉作为检测目标。样品经水解、衍生化并提取浓缩后,采用以50 mg C18为净化填料的CAFS Clean-up净化柱对复溶液进行1次快速净化,超高效液相色谱分离,三重四极杆/复合线性离子阱质谱仪进行测定,内标法定量分析。结果 4种硝基呋喃类代谢物在其相应的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r＞0.999),定量限为0.6~2.4 μg/kg;样品中添加定量限、2.5 μg/kg、5.0 μg/kg和50.0 μg/kg浓度水平时的平均回收率在81.3%~115.1%之间,相对标准偏差为1.5%~13.1%。结论 该方法经济、简便、高效,灵敏度高,重复性好,可作为草鱼肌肉冻干粉中4种硝基呋喃类代谢物的基体标准物质的检测方法。     

分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定豆芽中6种喹诺酮类药物

本文建立了豆芽中恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、洛美沙星、培氟沙星6种喹诺酮类药物残留的分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱的快速测定方法。豆芽样品中6种喹诺酮药物采用1%甲酸乙腈提取,提取液经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)、十八烷基键合硅胶(C₁₈)、无水硫酸镁(MgSO₄)、石墨化碳(GCB)4种填料净化,净化液过滤膜后经ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱,甲醇-0.1%甲酸水流动相梯度分离,采用UPLC-MS/MS多反应监测模式进行测定,同位素内标法定量。结果显示:6种喹诺酮类药物在1.0~100.0 μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9982),检出限为0.1~0.3 μg/kg,定量限为0.3~1.0 μg/kg,在2、4、20 μg/kg三个浓度添加水平的回收率为96.53%~106.94%,相对标准偏差为2.73%~7.60%。该方法快速简便、灵敏度高、准确度高、重现性好,适用于豆芽样品中6种喹诺酮类药物的同时检测。     

UPLC-MS/MS法快速测定奶粉中17种喹诺酮类药物

建立了超高效液相色谱质谱联用(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定奶粉中17种喹诺酮类药物残留的检测方法。研究了适用于不同脂肪含量奶粉的前处理方法和上机条件。样品溶解后,加入甲醇/乙腈混合溶液提取,通过Oasis Prime HLB固相萃取柱直接进行净化,氮吹定容后,采用电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式进行检测,外标法定量。17种喹诺酮类药物定量限为3.0μg/kg。当喹诺酮类药物添加范围3.0～60μg/kg时,基质效应57.4%～130.2%,回收率65.3%～104.8%,相对标准偏差0.6%～8.9%。该方法具有简单方便,快速高效,适用于不同脂肪含量奶粉产品检测的特点。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定奶豆腐中6种喹诺酮类药物残留研究

目的 建立动物源性食品奶豆腐中6种喹诺酮类药物残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。方法 奶豆腐样品经0.1 mmol/L EDTA-Mcllvaine缓冲液处理并加入亚铁氰化氢、乙酸锌各0.1 mL提取,HLB Pro固相萃取柱净化,经Shim-pack FC-ODS(150 mm×20 mm,3μm)分离,用10 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%甲酸)-甲醇乙腈(40:60,V/V)进行梯度洗脱,在全扫描(full MS)模式检测。结果 6种喹诺酮类药物在10～100 ng/mL的浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(R2)均大于0.995;检出限(LOD)为0.5～1.5μg/kg,定量限为(LOQ)2～4μg/kg,加标回收率为82.3%～101.6%,相对标准差低于10%。结论 该方法灵敏度高、快速、准确,适用于奶豆腐中6种喹诺酮类药物的快速筛查和定量定性分析。     

QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS同时测定鸡肉中80种兽药残留

目的:建立一种同时测定鸡肉中包括喹诺酮类、磺胺类、β-受体激动剂类、糖皮质激素类、大环内酯类、抗病毒类药物、四环素类等在内的80种兽药的QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱—串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。方法:样品经1%甲酸乙腈水溶液提取,QuEChERS多兽药残留净化柱净化,超高效液相色谱—串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)多反应监测模式检测,基质标准曲线外标法定量。结果:80种兽药在特定质谱条件下响应性高,样品在质谱检测条件下检测灵敏,无杂峰干扰。80种药物质量浓度在5.0～100μg/L的范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99。80种兽药的方法检出限均为1.0μg/kg。样品中2.0,5.0,10.0μg/kg加标浓度的平均回收率为62.2%～106.8%,相对标准偏差为2.07%～10.85%。结论:80种药物在样品中加标回收率均符合GB/T 27404—2008《实验室质量控制规范食品理化检测》标准要求,适用于鸡肉中80种兽药残留的筛查测定。     

分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定肉制品中5类药物残留

建立了同时测定肉制品中16种β-激动剂、6种头孢菌素类、6种青霉素类、3种氟喹诺酮类和2种糖肽类药物的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法。样品经酶解后,以0.1%甲酸-乙腈(体积分数)提取,分散固相萃取净化,串联质谱ESI正、负模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,以保留时间和子离子丰度比定性,外标法定量。结果表明,33种目标物在1.0~300μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.996,β-激动剂和氟喹诺酮类药物的方法检出限(LOD,S/N=3)为0.5μg/kg,其他目标物的LOD为3.0μg/kg;加标水平为2.0~100μg/kg时(n=6),平均回收率为74.9%~112%,相对标准偏差为2.2%~10.8%。方法准确、灵敏,适用于肉制品中β-激动剂、头孢菌素类、青霉素类、氟喹诺酮类和糖肽类等药物残留的高通量测定。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.