盐离子对大豆乳清混合蛋白乳液的稳定性及界面特性的影响

采用大豆分离蛋白-乳清分离蛋白（SPI-WPI）作为乳化剂形成水相,加入大豆油作为油相,制备O/W乳液,通过粒径、Zeta电位、乳液稳定性系数、激光共聚焦显微镜、界面蛋白吸附量、界面压力及界面膨胀流变等指标探究不同盐离子浓度（0~0.5 mol/L NaCl）对混合蛋白界面特性及乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明:盐离子会使混合蛋白乳液表面电位增加,且随着NaCl浓度的增加,乳液的体积平均粒径（D₄₃）升高,乳液稳定系数降低,乳液稳定性降低。并且,盐离子浓度为0.05 mol/L时,乳液最为稳定。此外,盐离子会使SPI-WPI在油-水界面的相互作用较弱,从而导致SPI-WPI溶液的界面压力值增大,在油-水界面的总模量（E）、弹性模量（E_d）、粘性模量（E_v）等降低,进而影响乳液的稳定性。这为食品产业生产较稳定的双蛋白乳液提供了理论依据。     

椰子油纳米乳液制备工艺条件优化

为扩大椰子油的应用范围，以精制冷榨椰子油为油相，Tween 80为乳化剂，无水乙醇为助乳剂，采用超声乳化法制备椰子油纳米乳液。以椰子油纳米乳液平均粒径及多分散指数（PDI）为指标，通过单因素实验和正交实验对椰子油纳米乳液制备工艺条件进行优化，并对制备的椰子油纳米乳液的类型进行鉴定。结果表明：椰子油纳米乳液最佳制备工艺条件为超声功率500 W、超声时间20 min、油乳质量比1∶ 1.5、油乳混合物与水质量比2∶ 8，在此条件下制得的纳米乳液平均粒径和PDI分别为131.0 nm和0.27；制得的椰子油纳米乳液为水包油（O/W）型。该工艺条件下制得的椰子油纳米乳液粒径小且均匀，且O/W型的椰子油纳米乳液拓宽了椰子油的应用范围。     

超声处理大豆分离蛋白与壳聚糖复合物对O/W型乳液稳定性的影响

为探究超声处理大豆分离蛋白-壳聚糖（soybean protein isolate-chitosan,SPI-CS）复合物对形成O/W型乳 液性质的影响,主要研究了复合物表面疏水性、乳化活性、乳化稳定性与油-水界面张力、乳液粒径、乳液稳定性 之间的关系。结果表明：未经超声处理的SPI-CS复合物表面疏水性、乳化活性、乳化稳定性和界面吸附性较低,形 成的O/W型乳液粒径相对较大,约100 μm,乳液Zeta电位较低,乳滴有发生聚集的倾向。乳液贮存7 d后乳层析指数 最高。经超声处理后SPI-CS复合物形成的乳状液性质发生明显变化,随着超声功率的增加,形成的O/W型乳液的稳 定性有所增加：超声功率为400 W时SPI-CS复合物形成的乳液最为稳定,乳层析指数最低;当超声功率超过400 W 时,乳液的光学显微镜观察显示其粒径有所增大,同时乳液的Zeta电位、乳化活性和乳化稳定性明显下降,界面张 力降低缓慢。超声处理暴露了蛋白质分子的内部结构,使部分结构展开、柔性增加,促进了其与壳聚糖之间的静电 相互作用,说明超声处理的大豆分离蛋白与壳聚糖形成的复合物影响了O/W型乳液的稳定性及相关性质。     

β-环糊精稳定柠檬醛Pickering乳液的制备及其稳定性研究

制备由β-环糊精稳定的高比例柠檬醛相Pickering乳液并研究乳液的稳定特性。利用β-环糊精与柠檬醛的包合物微粒作为乳化稳定剂、通过高速均质法制备柠檬醛的Pickering乳液,观察乳液的微观结构、测定其粒度和Zeta电位,研究体系pH值及添加黄原胶对乳液稳定性的影响,并对其稳定性进行了初步测定。结果表明,柠檬醛-水体系经β-环糊精稳定乳化后可形成稳定的水包油型Pickering乳液,油滴呈标准球形,粒径在数百纳米;偏酸或偏碱性环境条件及添加黄原胶有利于乳液的稳定。进一步研究表明,乳液具有较好的耐热稳定性,但耐冻能力较差,黄原胶的加入(5 g/L)可显著提高乳液的耐冻性。该研究为柠檬醛乳液的绿色制备提供一种新的途径。     

疏水淀粉皮克林乳液凝胶的稳定机理及影响因素

研究不同因素（温度、pH值和离子强度）对淀粉-脂质复合物（starch-fatty acid complex,SFAC）稳定的皮克林乳液凝胶的影响规律并揭示其稳定机理。激光共聚焦扫描显微镜和扫描电子显微镜结果显示,SFAC颗粒通过吸附于油水界面,形成一层紧密的屏障包裹油滴,形成呈圆状的乳滴,乳滴之间紧密堆积形成稳定的乳液凝胶网络结构。光学显微镜、粒径分布及Zeta电位等结果显示该疏水淀粉皮克林乳液凝胶在pH 3～9范围内以及离子浓度0.1～0.9 mol/L条件下都能维持乳液凝胶结构并具有良好的贮藏稳定性。此外,该皮克林乳液凝胶具有热可逆性,在高温下粒径增大、黏度下降,出现流动性,冷却后可重新呈现凝胶状。研究结果表明疏水淀粉皮克林乳液凝胶在较宽的温度、pH值和离子强度范围内均有较高稳定性,适用于多种植物油的稳定。     

牡丹籽油微乳液的制备及其性质研究

采取相转变法和拟三元相图法制备牡丹籽油微乳液,从不同表面活性剂、亲水亲油平衡值（HLB值）、助表面活性剂中筛选最佳组分以确定制备牡丹籽油微乳液的体系组成。同时,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化牡丹籽油微乳液的制备条件。结果表明：牡丹籽油微乳液的体系组成为牡丹籽油/Tween 80/Span 80/无水乙醇/水;最优的制备条件为制备温度25 ℃,以Tween 80与Span 80（质量比为6∶ 4）为混合表面活性剂（HLB值为11）,混合表面活性剂与助表面活性剂无水乙醇比例（Km）为1∶ 1,先将混合表面活性剂相与牡丹籽油混合均匀,再逐滴加水。在最优条件下,随着加水量的增加,得到的牡丹籽油微乳液结构以W/O型向双连续相再到O/W型转变,最终得到的牡丹籽油微乳液为微黄澄清透明状液体,粒径为（40.63±1.77）nm,多分散系数稳定在0.218±0003,电导率为（681.75±19.15）mS/cm。同时发现,低浓度盐离子（≤1.0 mol/L）的存在可以促进牡丹籽油微乳液的形成,但盐离子浓度过高（≥1.5 mol/L）时会抑制微乳液的形成。     

鹰嘴豆乳清蛋白稳定高柠檬醛相乳液的制备

以鹰嘴豆乳清蛋白作为乳化稳定剂、利用高速剪切法制备柠檬醛乳液,观察乳液的微观结构、测定其粒度和Zeta电位,研究体系p H值及添加黄原胶对乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明,柠檬醛经乳清蛋白乳化后可形成稳定的水包油型乳液,油滴呈球形,粒径在数百纳米范围,其中柠檬醛含量可高达60%以上;偏碱或偏酸性环境及添加黄原胶有利于乳液的稳定,添加黄原胶的乳液室温贮存7 d和60 d,乳化系数分别为100%和93%,显示良好的长短期稳定性。该研究为柠檬醛乳液的绿色制备提供一种新的途径。     

南瓜籽油乳液的制备及稳定性

采用高压均质法,以乳清分离蛋白为乳化剂制备南瓜籽油乳液,对均质压力、均质次数、乳化剂添加量以及南瓜籽油质量分数对南瓜籽油乳液粒径、多分散系数（PDI）、Zeta电位和分光比（SRI,800 nm下吸光度与400 nm下吸光度的比值）的影响进行考察,并研究了南瓜籽油乳液的稳定性。结果表明：南瓜籽油乳液的最佳制备工艺条件为均质压力50 MPa、均质次数5次、乳化剂添加量2.5%、南瓜籽油质量分数10%,在最佳工艺条件下,南瓜籽油乳液的粒径为（213.33±5.60）nm,PDI 为0.215±0.002,Zeta电位为（-5680±0.66）mV,SRI为 0.27±0.02;在15 d的室温储藏期间内南瓜籽油乳液具有较好的物理稳定性和较高的氧化稳定性。     

大豆分离蛋白-高酯柑橘果胶-没食子酸复合Pickering乳液制备及其稳定性分析

以大豆分离蛋白、高酯柑橘果胶、没食子酸为原料,制备一种蛋白质-多糖-多酚复合物,利用单因素试验、正交试验优化复合物制备条件,并通过流变特性、粒径及分布、Zeta电位、乳液稳定性等分析手段对Pickering乳液稳定性能进行表征。结果表明：在pH 4.5、温度35 ℃、没食子酸含量40 mg时复合乳液的吸光度达到最大值3.082,此时大豆分离蛋白-高酯柑橘果胶-没食子酸结合最紧密;当油相体积分数为0.7时,Pickering乳液弹性和黏性最好,形成的较好凝胶网络结构,此时的电位为（－54.08±2.74）mV,平均粒径为（220.36±7.13）nm;与25 ℃常温贮存相比,Pickering乳液在4 ℃冷藏析乳现象更弱,油滴粒径变化更小,更有利于维持乳液稳定性;随热处理温度升高,乳液析乳情况逐渐增强,油相体积分数为0.7和0.8时,液滴粒径受温度变化不明显;冷冻会破坏复合物形成的界面层,随着油相体积分数升高和冷冻时间的延长乳液析油现象明显导致稳定性大大降低;随着pH值升高,析油现象逐渐明显,当乳液体系pH值接近4时,乳滴粒径最小且分布相对均匀;高浓度的盐离子会破坏复合物结合的紧密程度,液滴发生聚集,乳液析乳情况明显,稳定性下降。     

负载葡萄皮粉花色苷提取物的W/O/W型复乳制备及其体外消化评价

以葡萄皮花色苷(ACNs)提取物为内水相(W1),玉米油为油相,乳清蛋白(WPI)溶液为外水相(W2)制备水包油包水(W/O/W)型复乳。复乳的包埋率高达(93.19±2.78)%,平均粒径为(287.90±3.12)nm。经口腔消化后,乳液未发现有明显变化;模拟胃部消化后,乳液液滴相互融合形成具有双层结构的较大微粒,其平均粒径(d>600 nm)显著增加(P<0.05)。经模拟肠道消化后,微粒成为空油滴,其平均粒径为(387.53±15.96)nm,此时抗氧化活性最高。研究结果表明,W/O/W型复乳在口腔和胃部能有效保护ACNs,实现靶向性肠道输送。负载ACNs的复乳系统在食品工业中有很大的应用潜力。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.