中国乳业结构-行为-绩效分析

乳业经历了半个世纪多的发展,目前发展速度很快,乳品行业的市场结构属于中高度寡占的有效竞争型。这种市场结构下,乳品企业尤其大型乳品企业争夺奶源和市场等行为,影响乳业市场绩效和进一步发展,发挥规模经济和范围经济效应才是乳品企业发展的方向。     

面对2010区域乳业你准备好了么?

<正> 麦肯锡在一份中国乳业市场调查报告指出,到2010年,中国乳品市场规模将达到200亿美元,这是一个比较保守的数字,2006年乳品市场官方数据是10700多亿人民币,2007年上半年液态奶就已经接近是400亿人民币左右。按照各企业实际增长率来看,到2010年,仅仅液态奶几乎就能够达到这个规模。该报告同时也指出2010年将有一半的乳品企业出局,行业集中度进一步提高,生存压力全面集中于中小乳品企业的肩上。面对200亿美金这么诱人的一个数字,和一半企业出局的残酷预言,各乳品企业都纷纷提出了2010年目标,蒙牛和伊利表示要在2010年进入世界乳业的 XX 强,许多区域乳业的三年规     

制约我国乳业实现跨越式发展的主要问题

通过比较我国乳业与发达国家乳业存在的差距和不足，讨论了加入WTO后，要实现我国乳品企业的跨越式发展应具备的条件。提出我国孔业在奶质量、奶源基地的建设、奶牛单产、原料乳成本、乳品结构等方面与国外相比存在很大的差距；并讨论了我国乳业管理体制、建立奶牛风险基金、高新技术在乳品工业的应用、技术创新体系建设和设备制造技术等问题，得出我国乳业要在管理方面、企业经营规模和效益方面、乳业的管理体制和政策方面、乳品加工技术的创新及体系方面需加强和提高，从而实现我国乳业的跨越式发展。     

让西藏牦牛奶走出西藏，走向世界

发展牦牛乳业，造福藏区人民 西藏高原之宝牦牛乳业股份有限公司是一家规范的非上市股份制企业，也是西藏目前规模最大、最具现代化水平的牦牛乳品加工企业。     

基于层次分析法的上市乳品企业成长性评价研究

乳品加工企业是乳业的龙头和引擎,乳品企业的成长性问题对企业本身、投资者以及消费者都有着至关重要的意义。本文以三元、蒙牛、伊利和光明4家乳品上市企业为例,根据影响企业成长性的因素构建企业成长性评价指标体系,运用层析分析法对各财务指标体系中的具体评价指标的权重进行合理的赋值,根据综合得分排名结果,对4家的乳品上市企业成长性进行综合评价,进而提出了完善乳品企业成长性发展的对策建议。     

未来5年全球乳业增量50％来自亚洲

2007亚洲乳制品市场研讨会已在上海闭幕。印度、中国、巴基斯坦已成为全球7大产奶大国之一，印度，巴基斯坦、韩国、日本、中国（含台湾）越南、泰国等这些亚洲国家的乳业得到快速和蓬勃的发展，已成为亚洲乳业发展成功的典范；同时，也引起了国际乳业界的广泛关注。亚洲乳品市场专题研讨会在中国还是首次召开。会议是由新加坡艾毕思（IBC）会务服务中心主办、国际乳品联合会（IDF）和中国广东省乳业协会共同协办的。国际乳品联合会主席吉姆（JimBegg）先生抵达中国全程参加了会议，并在该研讨会将近结束时作总结性发言时认为：“随着亚洲各国人民对牛奶消费习惯的改变和各国政府对乳业的重视及乳品企业对牛奶的宣传，亚洲乳业的发展存在着很大的发展空间，乳品企业存在着很大的发展潜力”。他特别指出，“再过10年，中国本土的乳品企业的生产加工能力将会有大幅度的提高”。     

乳业转型发展时期的现实矛盾与转型升级

近年,随着乳品量进口越来越大,进口奶粉价格大幅波动,并呈现倒挂趋势,对国内乳品加工和奶牛养殖业冲击明显;由于进口原料质优价廉,企业大量使用,替代国内原奶,引起上下游产业矛盾进一步加深;随着国际化发展,国内企业加快海外投资布局,从而减少了国内奶源、加工等方面投资。上述三大矛盾,伴随产业深入调整及外部进口增大,开始进一步激化。矛盾的激化直接导致乳业市场发生连锁反应,表现为大牧场、奶农形势严峻,中小企业生存压力加大,行业亟需突破与转型升级。     

中国加入WTO(世贸组织)前后的乳品工业形势及对策

文章对中国乳品工业目前状况进行了全面分析 ,并对未来发展形势作了展望。内容包括世界乳业发达国家近年来对中国乳品工业的影响和冲击 ;中国与世界乳业发达国家的差距及产生差距的原因 ;中国乳品企业对加入 WTO应做的准备工作 ;中国乳品企业未来发展前景等四部分内容。     

强龙与地头蛇的游戏

K市场作为新疆省第二大城市一直是Y乳业心中一块难以割舍的“疼”,作为一个拥有近百万人口,消费成熟、收入水平较高的市场,乳品消费潜力巨大,仅箱装奶每月的销售量在600吨约15万件左右,但是由于座拥该市场的两大乳品企业生产厂家R和T品牌占据天时、地利、人和的优势,产品品牌影响度较大,消费者认知度也较高等因素．很少有外来乳品品牌表现优秀,     

恒天然中国市场的竞争之道

2006年,国内的乳品企业的日子并不好过,一方面,乳制品市场竞争更加激烈,产品升级一日千里,而与此同时,各家企业还要承受着来自国际市场乳制品原料涨价的压力。不容乐观的是,作为国际上主要的乳制品出口国的澳大利亚和新西兰,干旱仍然在持续,导致原奶产量持续锐减,而与此同时,主要乳制品生产国如美国、欧盟等内需依然旺盛,这都加剧了国际市场乳制品供应的紧张局面。同时,国际乳业集团开始更多的参与并融合到中国乳业市场之中,中国乳业与世界乳业的的交融变得越来越紧密,中国乳业的发展与世界乳业的大环境愈发相互影响;国内的乳品企业之间以及与国外的乳品企业之间,也正朝着在多层面上展开亦竞争亦合作的关系迈进,与国际上企业之间的关系模式向趋同。"再没有100%的竞争对手与100%的合作伙伴"。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.