优质籼米皖稻207储藏质量指标变化规律及安全储藏期研究

通过比较分析自然低温仓房(16±1)℃、空调控温仓房(20、25℃)及不作控温处理的对照仓房储藏优质籼米皖稻207时主要质量指标变化规律和害虫发生情况,研究大米储藏周期和大米储藏安全水分,探讨储备大米品质判定关键指标。试验结果表明,从抑制害虫和抑制霉变的角度来看,(14.5±0.5)%水分的供试大米在低温储藏条件下可安全储藏,其他储藏条件下仍需配合磷化氢熏蒸密闭处理方可安全度夏;由于垩白粒率值超标(30%),4种储藏条件下的供试大米安全储藏期均仅为4~5个月;同时,推荐垩白粒率、品尝评分值和色泽气味3个指标共同作为优质籼米储藏品质判定的关键指标。     

优质籼稻控温条件下储藏品质变化规律研究

为了探究在不同温度条件下优质稻谷的储藏品质变化规律和储藏周期,以黄华占、湘晚籼13号和盛泰优18号3种优质籼稻为研究对象,在室内定期监测其储藏品质.试验结果表明:温度是优质籼稻储藏的关键指标之一,温度越低,优质籼稻色泽气味、脂肪酸值和品尝评分值等储藏指标所反映的粮食劣变程度越低.在15和20℃控温条件下,3种供试优质籼稻储藏指标在2年试验期间一直维持宜存等级,25℃控温和自然条件下,供试优质籼稻谷在试验期内不能一直维持宜存等级.因此,为延长优质籼稻储藏期,可适当降低储藏温度.     

华北地区高大平房仓稻谷控温储粮情况研究

对华北地区某高大平房仓的稻谷空调控温储藏情况进行了监测研究。结果表明：度夏期间,利用空调控温技术,仓房内空间温度和表层平均粮温可有效控制在22 ℃以下,但同一粮层不同位点温度差异大,在粮堆表层、西墙、南墙附近局部位置粮温仍会出现高于25 ℃的情况。受夏季外界环境高温影响,粮堆中心与侧壁附近温差10 ℃以上,存在“冷心热皮”引起的水分迁移现象。水分和温度在距离粮堆表层和仓房侧壁0.5 m附近易升高,成为霉菌易滋生的重点部位,同时,也是发芽率降低和脂肪酸值易升高的位置。因此,在控温储粮过程中需加强对粮堆表层和仓房侧壁粮情的监控。     

不同水分大米储藏品质变化规律研究

在实验室人工模拟条件下控制大米的储藏温度和水分,对储藏大米进行了为期13个月的试验研究。在研究期间对影响大米质量的感官指标、脂肪酸值等数据进行定期检测。结果表明：高水分大米经高温条件下储藏,当脂肪酸值达25mgKOH／100g时是大米的安全储藏期限;较低水分的大米常温或准低温下储藏,其安全期限以感官指标来判定。提出了不同含水量的大米在不同温度下的安全储藏期限。     

成品大米不同低温条件下储藏期评价研究（网络首发、推荐阅读）

通过两种成品大米在16、18和20 ℃三个准低温条件下,储藏6~12个月期间理化、外观、食味和糊化特性等品质指标的检测,结果显示：大米的脂肪酸值、黄粒米含量和回生值均随储藏温度升高和储藏时间延长而逐渐升高,食味值逐渐下降,尤其是在20 ℃条件下变化显著。多项品质指标之间存在显著的相关性,通过主成分分析法降维处理后,分别在优质籼稻和优质粳稻中提取4和3个主成分,主成分综合得分随着储藏温度的升高和储藏时间的延长逐渐下降。聚类分析结果显示,偏低水分籼米16 ℃储藏期8~12个月的品质与18 ℃的储藏期6~8个月和20 ℃储藏期6个月的品质相当,保持18 ℃储藏10~12个月的品质在20 ℃的储藏期约为8个月;偏高水分粳米保持16 ℃储藏10~12个月的品质,在18和20 ℃的储藏期约为6个月。为成品大米低温储藏实践中,温度条件的精细化控制提供参考。     

西安地区大米安全过夏技术的讨论

我市储藏的大米,绝大部分由省外调来。由于大米储藏稳定性较差,加之仓房等条件的限制,每到夏季,总要进行翻倒、过机、摊凉,花费大量的人、财、物力,但粮食品质劣变仍比较严重。 为了确保大米储藏安全,使群众能吃到比较新鲜的粮食自1981年以来,我们在胡家庙、白家口、大兴路粮库分别采取自然密闭缺氧、自然低温、低氧低剂量(PH_3)等保管方法进行大米过夏试验,基本上达到了不用药或少用药,有效地防止虫霉危害安全度夏的目的,并于1983年广泛应用于生产。现将试验情况简述如下:     

北方地区内环流储粮技术在平房仓中的控温效果试验

在平房仓内安装内环流智能控温系统,使得仓房储存条件达到准低温储粮标准。通过夏季储粮高温期对试验仓房温度变化的测试情况,证明利用内环流系统可以明显降低仓温、粮温,有效控制储粮害虫生长繁殖,从而达到储粮免熏蒸安全度夏的效果。     

储藏粳米垩白变化规律分析研究

为了比较不同储存条件对成品大米垩白程度的影响,以"辽星"粳稻大米为样品,设定10、15、20、25℃以及常温条件等五个温度进行控温、湿度储存实验。经过6个月储存,在所有储存温度条件下,垩白粒率和垩白度均呈上升趋势,且温度越高,上升幅度越大;低温条件下,垩白粒率和垩白度的增加幅度较小。25℃条件下变化明显,垩白粒率由6.1%上升到22.6%,垩白度由2.2%上升到5.7%。粳稻大米的垩白粒率和垩白度与储藏时间呈现显著的相关性。     

不同温控条件下米象的生长规律及其对粳米品质的影响

以人工智能气候箱作为控温设备,观察密实袋包装粳米中米象在5、10、15、20、25℃条件下的生长规律,并研究在不同温度条件下供试大米的品质变化,经过1a的跟踪分析,结果发现:在25℃条件下,米象种群生长速度最快,对供试大米品质的影响主要体现在碎米、杂质以及品尝评分值3个指标上,而对供试大米的水分及脂肪酸值影响不大。     

模拟典型储粮环境下大米品质指标的变化及其差异性分析

为了探讨中国典型储粮环境下大米储藏品质指标的变化规律及其影响因素,选择籼型和粳型商品大米各1种,采用可编程人工气候箱进行模拟储藏,定期测定样品的脂肪酸值、α-淀粉酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、电导率等指标.然后,采用SPSS16.0统计软件对测定数据进行差异性分析.结果表明:储藏温度在20℃以下时,温度和湿度对脂肪酸值和α-淀粉酶活性影响不显著,但当温度高于20℃时影响显著,且温度越高影响越显著.大米类型对脂肪酸值和α-淀粉酶活性的变化也有一定的影响;储藏温度和湿度以及大米类型对电导率的变化影响不显著,储藏时间影响显著;温度对过氧化物酶活性影响显著,变化的温、湿度对其影响更显著,在15℃低温条件下湿度对其影响在储藏3个月后显著;各指标与储藏时间均高度相关.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.