甘蔗新品种闽糖86-2121的选育研究

闽糖86-212l是福建省农科院甘蔗研究所1985年以Q6l为母本、CP49-50为父本的杂交组合选育出的一个优良甘蔗品种。该品种具有高产高糖、中晚熟、宿根性强、抗逆性强、适应性广的优良特性。在福建多年多点试验结果表明，闽糖86-2121蔗茎产量118．516t／hm^2，11-2月份平均蔗糖分(绝对值)14．65％，含糖量17．363t／hm^2，比福建目前主栽品种闽糖70-61l增产35．60％，蔗糖分提高0．26个百分点，增糖52．1％。该品种在全国甘蔗品种第3轮区试和生产试验中，平均蔗茎产量123．33l t／hm^2，11～2月平均蔗糖分13．80％(绝对值)，含糖量16．984t／hm^2，比全国对照种ROC10分别增加22．97％，蔗糖分减少0．24个百分点、增糖20．25％。     

甘蔗新品种闽糖92-649的选育研究

闽糖92－649是福建省农科院甘蔗研究所以新台糖1号为母本、Coloo1(闽选703）为父本为杂交组合选育出的甘蔗新品种。该品种具有高产高糖、中早熟、宿根性好、抗逆性强、适应性广的优良特性。经福建省多年多点试验，结果表明，闽糖92－649蔗茎产量为114.178t/hm^2,11-2月份平均蔗糖分为15.36%，含糖量为17.44t/hm^2，分别比福建目前主栽品种闽糖70－611增加35.6%、1．71％（绝对值）和52．1％。该品种在全国甘蔗品种第二轮区试和生产试验中，平均蔗茎产量93.18t/hm^2,11-2月份平均蔗糖分14．48％，含糖量12.98t/hm^2，比对照种新台糖10号分别增加24.5%、0.04%（绝对值）和22.3%。     

胚珠诱变杂交组合吉2003—8产质量分析

胚珠诱变杂交组合吉2003—8是2003年以本所自育的多胚二倍体雄性不育系吉75—08MS为母本,胚珠诱变四倍体纯系9488—15—1—1为父本,按母、父比例3：1自然杂交育成。经2007和2008两年小区试验：根产量44925．4kg／hm^2,比对照（吉甜301）提高24．4％;含糖率14．42％,比对照提高0．57度;产糖量6480．7kg／hm^2,比对照提高30．2％。     

德国糖用甜菜SD12830引种研究报告

SD12830是从以二倍体单粒雄性不育系Nx12＊P6为母本,二倍体多粒授粉系＊U23为父本．按母、父本3：1比例配制杂交育成。经两年在甘肃省各甜菜原料产区试验表明：SD12830与对照品种相比．平均块根产量增加21．0％,平均含糖率比对照品种提高0．72度,平均产糖量比对照品种增加26．2％：生产试验结果表明：平均块根产量比当地品种增产22．0％,平均含糖率比当地对照品种提高0．44度,平均产糖量比当地对照品种增加26．0％;该品种块根产量高,含糖稳定,糖汁纯度高,工艺品质好,抗甜菜丛根病、褐斑病、黄化毒病能力强,达到甘肃省甜菜新品种标准。     

单粒型甜菜品种及播(栽)期的经济性状试验

在吉林省中、西部地区气候条件下，对单粒型甜菜品种中甜-吉洮单301、吉丹单301、HYB-13及其不同播(栽)期的3个试验点的经济性状试验研究表明：各品种的根产量、含糖率、产糖量等均以在5月5日播种及移栽的表现最佳，达到5％或1％显著水平。品种处理分析结果：吉洮单301(移栽)根产量与产糖量最高，九台、大安、洮南3个点次根产量结果分别分为48227．9kg／hm^2、47264．8kg／hm^2和46493．7kg／hm^2，与其它品种处理呈1％显著水平；对应3个点次，产糖量结果分别为6650．4kg／hm^2、7172．1kg／hm^2和7703．5kg／hm^2，与其它品种处理呈1％显著水平。吉丹单301(直播)含糖率最高，3点次含糖率分别为：16．4％、18．0％和19．3％。     

甜菜新品种吉甜303的选育

吉甜303甜菜多粒丰产型雄性不育多倍体杂交种，是1997年以多粒雄性不育系为母体，四倍体品系为父本，采取3：1比例配制的测交组合，原代号为97—12。该品种在2002～2003年吉林省甜菜品种区域试验中两年全省11个点平均根产量为41836．1kg／hm^2，比对照品种吉甜301提高19．9％，平均含糖率17．15％，比对照低O．35度，平均产糖量7097．3kg／hm^2，比对照提高17．5％。在2003年吉林省甜菜品种生产试验中，3个点次平均根产量为46550．0kg／hm^2，比对照品种吉甜301提高34．4％；平均含糖率16．00％，比对照低0．3度；平均产糖量7524．1kg／hm^2，比对照提高31．9％，纯度比对照提高0．5％。该品种具有高产、优质、抗性强的特点，于2004年5月通过吉林省作物品种委员会审定并命名。     

甜菜三倍体杂交种中甜—吉洮302的选育

中甜－吉洮302（原代号洮9006）系以RC3为母本,HQD3为父本,按母父本3：1自然杂交而成。该品种在全国甜菜品种生产试验中,平均根产量,含糖率,产糖量分别为47580kg/hm,15.30%和7101．15kg/hm2,分别林对照品种提高9．73％,1．21度和19．60％,中甜－吉洮302品种稳定性好,抗褐斑病,耐根腐病,适宜在甘肃,新疆,内蒙中东部,吉林和宁夏等地种植。     

抗丛根病甜菜新品种中甜--内糖(ND)37的选育

中甜-内糖(ND)37以抗(耐)丛根病二倍体单粒雄性不育系moms66181为母本,以从品系334—1中选育出的高糖抗病四倍体多粒授粉系974001为父本杂交而成。该品种在1999—2001年全国第六届甜菜品种区域试验中平均根产量、含糖率、产糖量分别为56022kg／hm^2、15、89度、8915．2kg／hm^2,分别比对照提高17．7％、1．17度、27．2％。2002年,中甜-内糖(ND)37生产试验平均根产量、含糖率、产糖量为54925kg／hm^2、15．94度、8742．9kg／hm^2,分别比对照提高31．7％、0．6度、36．8％。中甜-内糖(ND)37适应性较强,抗丛根病,适宜在新疆、甘肃、山西、河北、内蒙古地区种植,种殖密度75000—82500株／hm^2。     

甜菜多倍体新品种中甜-工大321的选育

甜菜新品种中甜-工大321（原代号为轻工糖F68）为标准偏高糖型杂交种，以四倍体For为母本，二倍体268中的三个系号（1：1：1）作父本，父母本按1：3比例杂交选育而成。在1999—2001年全国甜菜品种区域试验中，中甜-工大321其块根产量、含糖率、产糖量三年平均分别比对照提高-5．09％、1．76度、5．67％。2002年，在甜菜品种生产示范试验中，中甜-工大321其块根产量、含糖率、产糖量分别比对照提高-2．6％、1．63度、5．9％。该品种适应性好、抗病性强、块根品质优良且含糖高，适宜在新疆、内蒙古、山西、黑龙江等省区种植。     

多倍体甜菜新品种中甜──双丰319的选育

多倍体甜菜新品种中甜──双丰319是由双丰416（母本）和双丰8号（父本）杂交选育而成。该品种块根产量、含糖率较高，抗褐血病性强。在1993～1995年黑龙江省区域试验中地对照品种平均块根产量、含糖率、产糖量分别提高4．3％、0．5°S和8．28％。在1995～1997年黑龙江省生产试验中，块根产量、产糖量比对照提高10．8％和10．3％，食糖率持平。该品种品质优良，与对照品种甜研302比较，含糖率提高0．5°S，α—氨基氮、钾、钠含量分别低19．3％、31．5％和15．9％。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.