双亲性纳米TiO2复合粒子的制备与研究

采用疏水型硅烷偶联剂KH570表面接枝改性纳米TiO2,引入化学键结合的不饱和双键,再通过无皂乳液聚合法合成双亲性聚丙烯酸(PAA)-g-硅烷偶联剂KH570-g-纳米TiO2复合粒子.研究了偶联剂用量对纳米TiO2粒子分散性以及聚合条件对聚合物接枝率变化和微观形态的影响.红外光谱和热重测试分析结果表明,纳米TiO2表面偶联剂接枝率为7.62％,聚合物接枝率达61.3％;透射电镜观察表明,偶联剂处理使纳米TiO2的亲油性和分散性均提高,聚合物接枝后的复合粒子能够在有机溶剂中分散均匀且粒径增加至30nm左右.     

原位聚合制备LDPE/凹凸棒土纳米复合材料

利用超声波分散处理凹凸棒土,分别采用硅烷偶联剂KH570对其进行表面修饰和溶液聚合法在修饰后的凹土表面原位接枝聚合MMA单体,将经上述处理的凹土与LDPE(低密度聚乙烯)复合制备LDPE／AT纳米复合材料。结果表明,通过超声波分散的方法可以得到凹凸棒土纳米棒晶,凹凸棒土对MMA无阻聚作用,表面包覆的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)能有效地解决复合材料的界面粘接,提高复合材料的性能。     

超支化聚(胺-酯)接枝改性纳米TiO_2的研究

提出了一种对纳米TiO2表面进行化学改性的新方法,即利用硅烷偶联剂KH550进行表面预处理,得到接枝有KH550的纳米TiO2,在此基础上以改性纳米TiO2为中心核,通过与AB2型单体进行缩聚反应,在纳米TiO2的表面原位接枝超支化聚(胺-酯)(HBP)。红外光谱、热失重和透射电镜的测试结果表明纳米TiO2表面接枝上了超支化聚合物,接枝率约为15%。研究结果表明,纳米TiO2经超支化聚(胺-酯)接枝改性后,在乙醇和氯仿中的分散性和稳定性得到提高。     

航空复合材料结构用纳米TiO2改性涂料的制备及性能

利用KH-550硅烷对金红石型纳米TiO2的表面进行了包覆处理,研究了使用不同分散剂的条件下,未包覆和经包覆的纳米TiO2粉体在ECL-GC-7航空清漆中的分散性。将经过包覆的纳米TiO2加入到ECL-GC航空涂料中进行改性,表征了改性涂层的紫外光吸收和抗老化性能。研究发现,通过包覆处理并配合使用R912分散剂,航空清漆中纳米粉体出现可目视观察的初始沉淀时间在4h以上,粉体的稳定分散状态可以保持到200h以上。经纳米TiO2改性后,涂层的紫外光吸收能力和抗老化性能均有所提高。在纳米TiO2添加量为2.0%(质量分数)时,改性涂料的性价比较佳。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO_2/加成型硅树脂杂化纳米复合材料的性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法以钛酸四丁酯为水解前驱体、盐酸为催化剂、冰乙酸为催化剂合成出纳米TiO2溶胶,利用偶联剂KH570对纳米TiO2溶胶进行表面接枝改性,将经过表面接枝改性的纳米TiO2溶胶真空脱溶剂后与硅树脂预聚体进行原位复合,制备出透明的有机-无机杂化硅树脂复合材料。对溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2/加成型硅树脂杂化复合材料的合成机理进行了研究与探讨,通过测试硅树脂杂化复合材料的黄色指数、透光率和折射率考察了不同形态、不同含量纳米TiO2对硅树脂抗紫外老化及光学性能的影响。结果发现:当纳米TiO2凝胶的质量分数为5%时硅树脂杂化复合材料在可见光区的透光率达到99%,折射率达到最大值1.53,并且具有良好的耐紫外老化性能。     

硅烷偶联剂对纳米二氧化钛表面改性的研究

利用硅烷偶联剂（KH-570）对表面包覆氧化硅的金红石相纳米TiO2进行了有机表面改性．采用红外光谱（IR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、热分析（TG-DTA）、透射电镜（TEM）和润湿性实验等分析手段对表面改性前后的纳米TiO2进行了表征．红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱表明，KH-570以化学键合的方式结合在纳米TiO2的表面，并形成了有机包覆层．经测量，纳米TiO2表面包覆的KH-570的质量分数约为7．42％-8．59％．润湿性实验显示，经KH-570表面改性的纳米TiO2具有疏水性．力学性能实验表明，经KH-570表面改性的纳米TiO2能同时提高复合材料的强度和韧性．     

苯乙烯在纳米TiO_2表面的接枝聚合

纳米填料与塑料共混,可以改善塑料的强度、韧性.但是纳米填料与塑料的相容性差,需要对纳米材料进行表面改性.采用硅烷偶联剂γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷对纳米Ti02进行表面处理,在其表面引入双键,然后与苯乙烯共聚,制备表面接枝聚苯乙烯的纳米TiO2粒子,拟用于聚苯乙烯抗冲击改性.采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜对接枝聚合后的纳米TiO2粒子的形貌进行观察,并且采用热失重分析法定量表征纳米材料表面的接枝率.结果表明:通过悬浮聚合,TiO2粒子表面成功接枝聚合了聚苯乙烯.     

纳米TiO_2的表面改性及MF/纳米TiO_2复合树脂的制备

采用硅烷偶联剂KH550对纳米TiO2进行表面改性,将改性纳米TiO2与三聚氰胺甲醛树脂(MF)混合,制备MF/纳米TiO2复合树脂。红外分析表明偶联剂成功接枝于纳米TiO2表面;热失重分析得出表面改性的最佳工艺为:改性剂的添加量2%,改性温度70℃,改性时间120min;透射电镜分析表明纳米TiO2的表面改性提高了其在有机溶剂中的分散性;研究TiO2添加量对MF/纳米TiO2复合树脂的粘度、固化时间、固化温度和抗菌性的影响,结果表明TiO2的添加对树脂固化时间和固化温度影响很小,但能显著提高材料的粘度和抗菌性能。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯对纳米SiO2的表面接枝聚合改性研究

将经过硅烷化处理的偶联剂γ-MPS接枝到纳米SiO2表面,然后在引发剂AIBN的作用下引发单体MMA发生自由基聚合包覆.利用FTIR、TG、CA(接触角)以及TEM等手段分别表征了改性工艺条件对粒子改性前后化学组成结构、接枝率、表面亲水性以及形貌等的影响.系统研究了单体用量、引发剂用量以及反应时间对SiO2/γ-MPS/PM-MA纳米复合粒子接枝改性效果的影响.结果表明,经过PMMA接枝包覆制得了高接枝率的复合粒子,并大大改善了纳米粒子的分散性.     

纳米TiO2表面接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合反应

利用表面接枝的方法,在纳米TiO2上接枝偶联剂-γMPS(3-(三甲氧硅基)丙基异丁烯酸)形成"杂化"单体,通过加入引发剂引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)在粒子表面发生自由基聚合,形成PMMA/γ-MPS/TiO2纳米复合粒子。通过IR、元素分析、TGA等方法表征了PMMA/-γMPS/TiO2纳米复合粒子的结构,定量研究了TiO2/-γMPS单体接枝率和转化率,PMMA/-γMPS/TiO2纳米复合粒子的接枝率及其相应的影响因素。结果表明:PMMA以化学键的形式连接在纳米TiO2粒子表面并具有较高的接枝率。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.