抗强固定干扰的涡街流量计系统设计及言号处理方法研究

一些工业现场存在较强振动干扰,其频率在涡街流量信号的范围内,且功率大于涡街流量信号的功率.采用数字涡街流量计根据流量信号占优原则来确定流量频率,就无法得到正确的测量结果.为此,设计了陷阱频率、陷阱宽度和陷阱深度可任意调节的陷波滤波器.采用陷波滤波器消除固定强干扰;用功率谱分析计算出涡街流量信号的频率.消除了在涡街流量信号范围内的强固定干扰,又不影响流量的测量.用Microchip公司的dsPIC33FJ256MC710 DSP研制了涡街流量计信号处理系统,并取得很好的实验效果.     

基于噪声模板与互相关计算的涡街流量计抗强振动方法

根据涡街流量计在工作现场受强振动噪声干扰的情况,搭建振动实验平台,进行振动实验。对采集的数据进行功率谱分析和带宽特征分析,建立噪声模板,并量化描述噪声的带宽特性。进行噪声模板与传感器输出信号功率谱的互相关计算,提出利用噪声和涡街信号归一化互相关系数曲线进行噪声判别的抗强振动干扰的方法。对振动实验中采集的传感器数据进行处理,验证了该方法的有效性。     

抗振型低功耗数字涡街流量计研制

针对双传感器涡街流量计,提出采用频域相减与频率方差计算相结合的方法来处理涡街流量传感器输出信号,并研制基于低功耗单片机为核心的处理系统,取得很好的实验效果。在涡街流量信号功率小于振动噪声功率的情况下,抗振型低功耗数字涡街流量计仍然能够准确地测量流量的频率,并且低功耗、两线制工作。     

涡街流量计抗管道周期振动性能的试验研究

为研究涡街流量计在管道周期振动情况下的抗振性能,对国内广泛应用的应力式模拟涡街流量计,在气体流量管道周期振动试验装置上进行了不同振动加速度和方向的试验.通过对振动产生仪表系数相对误差的研究,得出模拟涡街流量计的抗振加速度,并分析了此时涡街流量传感器输出信号的品质特征.最后,为与模拟涡街作比较,对横河和ABB公司生产的数字涡街流量计进行了相同的管道周期振动试验,研究了数字涡街的抗振性能,并发现振动倍频信号是导致仪表系数相对误差出现的主要原因.     

基于小波滤波器组的涡街流量计信号处理方法

涡街流量计应用比较广泛,但是,由于易受管道振动和流场不稳定等因素干扰,如何从强噪声背景下检测出涡街信号频率,一直是个难题.研究了多相结构ⅡR小波滤波器组的设计方法,给出了Butterworth型小波滤波器组的实现方案,将基于小波滤波器组的信号处理方法应用于涡街流量计,并给出最佳频带的判别准则.仿真结果表明,Butterworth型小波滤波器组具有较好的幅频特性和较高的频率精度.     

基于CVI平台的涡街流量信号采集与处理

论述了涡街流量计的工作原理以及FFT谱分析方法在信号处理中的优势,并以Labview CVI为软件平台,结合中泰的数据采集卡PX-6333对实际的涡街流量信号进行实时采集和分析,证明了对于低流速涡街流量信号,应用FFT方法能有效地提高其量程下限.     

涡街流量传感器压电探头位置试验研究

以往对涡街流量传感器的研究主要集中在旋涡发生体形状设计、信号检测方式以及信号处理方法上,而对压电探头位置的研究未见报道.本文首先通过在水槽、风洞中试验,揭示了压电探头位置与涡街信号频率、幅值存在着密切联系,不同宽度的旋涡发生体,最强信号出现的位置也不同.在此基础上,研究管道中涡街流量传感器压电探头在不同位置时的信号变化规律,分析解释了二维、三维涡街流场的差异,最终确定了涡街流量传感器中压电探头的最佳位置应在距发生体尾部等于发生体宽度处.通过在DN100和DN50水、气流量标准装置上的试验,验证了此结论的正确性,传感器的线性度和重复性均有所改善.     

利用差压原理的涡街信号检测方法研究

采用压电传感器的涡街流量计在测量中容易受到管道振动和流场振动的影响,测量精度下降.对漩涡发生体周围流场进行分析,发现在发生体两侧存在相位差为180°且振动幅度和频率相等的流体振动点,根据这一特点,提出采用差压原理检测涡街信号的新方法,这种方法能抵抗噪声,稳定性好,实现方便,适应性强.     

基于遗传算法的涡街信号随机共振检测方法

涡街流量计在工业现场工作时,输出信号易叠加噪声,尤其在小流量测量时,涡街信号易被现场噪声淹没,导致测量受限。针对涡街信号处理,提出一种基于遗传算法的双调制随机共振方法。该方法对输入信号进行频率和幅值双调制后进入非线性双稳系统,以系统输出信号的信噪比为适应度函数,通过二进制编码,将调制频率和幅值组合成一个二进制字符串,同时对两个参数进行并行寻优,得到最优解,使系统产生随机共振,增强涡街信号。搭建涡街流量计实验装置,实验结果表明,使用遗传算法可以有效搜索出调制频率和幅值最优解,搜索效率高,解决现有多参数寻优的困难,适用于涡街信号特别是小流量信号处理,能准确获取涡街频率,实现流量测量。     

涡街流量传感器信号的幅值和频率特征

基于实验数据建立了涡街流量传感器输出信号的数学模型,提出了用混合高斯分布来描述涡街流量传感器信号幅值的自然衰减现象,采用频率调制信号来表示涡街流量信号的宽带特征,通过频谱分析确定机械振动噪声信号为窄带信号.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.