放电等离子反应液相烧结制备CeB6阴极与性能研究

以氢直流电弧法制备CeH_x纳米粉末, 再采用放电等离子（SPS）反应液相烧结纳米CeH_x和微米B的混合粉末, 制备了高性能CeB₆多晶块体热阴极材料. 研究了SPS制备CeB₆的烧结反应式及反应液相烧结机制, 确定SPS烧结CeB₆的最佳工艺为： 压力50MPa, 烧结温度1500℃, 保温时间5min. 实验结果表明, SPS制备得到了高纯单相CeB6多晶块体, 纯度达到99.89％, 相对密度达到99.61％, 维氏硬度达到2051kg/mm², 抗弯强度达到254.2MPa. 样品在1600℃温度下拐点发射电流密度达到20.38A/cm², 功函数为2.42eV. 与传统制备法相比, SPS制备显著降低了CeB₆的烧结温度, 缩短了烧结时间, 提高了力学和发射性能.     

高纯多晶LaB6纳米块体阴极材料的制备及表征

采用放电等离子烧结技术, 以氢直流电弧法制备的La-LaH₂纳米粉末为原料, 制备了高纯LaB₆多晶纳米块体热阴极材料. 系统研究了LaH₂的脱氢反应、SPS合成LaB₆的烧结反应式, 并用XRD、SEM、TEM和AFM对LaB₆烧结块体的相与结构进行了表征. 实验结果表明, LaH2在796.4℃时发生脱氢反应; SPS制备得到了单相LaB₆纳米多晶块体, 纯度达到99.867%, 相对密度达到99.2%, 和其他烧结方法相比, 样品显微硬度及抗弯强度等性能显著提高. 晶体为大小均匀, 形态规则完整的等轴晶, 50MPa, 烧结温度1250～1350℃范围内平均晶粒尺寸为120nm, 随烧结温度的升高, 晶粒尺寸逐渐增大.     

高能球磨Al-Y2O3粉体固相反应制备YAG陶瓷的研究

用高纯Al粉体和Y₂O₃粉体(Al-Y₂O₃粉体)为原料采用固相反应法制备了YAG陶瓷. Al-Y₂O₃粉体高能经过球磨, 煅烧生成YAG粉体, 再真空烧结制备高致密YAG陶瓷. 采用DTA-TG对球磨Al-Y₂O₃粉体进行分析, 采用XRD、SEM对球磨的Al-Y₂O₃粉体、YAG粉体及YAG陶瓷进行了表征. 实验表明: Al-Y₂O₃粉体在～569℃时, Al粉强烈氧化, 并与Y₂O₃粉反应, 600℃煅烧出现YAM相, 随煅烧温度升高出现YAP相, 1200℃煅烧生成YAG粉体. 成型YAG素坯在1750℃保温2h真空烧结出YAG相陶瓷, YAG陶瓷相对密度可达98.6%, 晶粒生长均匀, 晶粒尺寸为810μm.     

放电等离子反应液相烧结制备CeB6阴极与性能研究

以氢直流电弧法制备CeH_x纳米粉末, 再采用放电等离子（SPS）反应液相烧结纳米CeH_x和微米B的混合粉末, 制备了高性能CeB₆多晶块体热阴极材料. 研究了SPS制备CeB₆的烧结反应式及反应液相烧结机制, 确定SPS烧结CeB₆的最佳工艺为： 压力50MPa, 烧结温度1500℃, 保温时间5min. 实验结果表明, SPS制备得到了高纯单相CeB6多晶块体, 纯度达到99.89％, 相对密度达到99.61％, 维氏硬度达到2051kg/mm², 抗弯强度达到254.2MPa. 样品在1600℃温度下拐点发射电流密度达到20.38A/cm², 功函数为2.42eV. 与传统制备法相比, SPS制备显著降低了CeB₆的烧结温度, 缩短了烧结时间, 提高了力学和发射性能.     

添加Ta2O5对MnZn功率铁氧体性能的影响

采用氧化物陶瓷工艺制备MnZn功率铁氧体,研究了不同Ta₂O₅含量对MnZn功率铁氧体微观结构和磁性能的影响. 结果表明：少量Ta₂O₅的加入可以使铁氧体烧结样品的晶粒尺寸增大,气孔率下降,起始磁导率、饱和磁感应强度和电阻率升高,损耗降低. 而加入过多的Ta₂O₅会导致异常晶粒长大,气孔率升高,起始磁导率、饱和磁感应强度和电阻率降低,损耗增大. 当Ta₂O₅含量为0.04wt%时,铁氧体烧结样品的晶粒尺寸大小均匀,气孔率最低,起始磁导率、饱和磁感应强度和电阻率达到最大值,损耗最低.     

高温多元醇法制备超顺磁CoFe2O4纳米颗粒磁共振造影剂

以FeCl₃·6H₂O、CoCl₂·6H₂O和HOOC-PEG-COOH为反应物, 利用高温多元醇法制备了核心粒径为5~10nm的超顺磁CoFe₂O₄纳米颗粒, 样品在水溶液中具有良好分散性. 通过改变修饰剂的种类和用量、反应温度及反应时间可以对纳米颗粒的尺寸、水中分散性及磁性能产生影响. 研究表明：选用带有强极性基团的修饰剂, 增加修饰剂的用量, 提高反应温度和延长反应时间, 可以增大颗粒的尺寸, 改善颗粒的分散性, 窄化粒径分布. 实验获得的最佳生长条件为：金属盐总量与修饰剂质量比为1∶10, 在210~220℃之间反应2h. 磁性能研究表明所得样品在室温下具有超顺磁性, 其饱和磁化强度与尺寸有关.     

原位溶剂热和热压制备微纳复合n型CoSb3及热电性能

在块体材料中引入纳米组元构建微纳复合材料是热电材料研究的一个新方向. 采用原位溶剂热和热压方法制备了由纳米晶粒和微米晶粒组成的n 型CoSb₃复合材料. 以CoCl₂、SbCl₃为原料, NaBH₄为还原剂, 乙醇为溶剂, 与熔炼制备的n型CoSb₃微米级别的粉末一起放入高压反应釜中, 在250℃下反应72h得到微纳复合的粉末材料, 热压后得到微纳复合的块体材料. 性能测试结果表明, 该材料表现为典型掺杂半导体的导电特征, 具有较好的电学性能. 微纳复合结构引入大量晶界增强了声子散射, 能有效降低材料的热导率, 并且由纳米组元引起的量子效应能提高材料的Seebeck系数, 使材料的热电性能得到改善. 本工作所制备的微纳复合n型CoSb3具有较低的热导率, 在测试温度范围内, 热导率为2.0～2.3W·m^-1·K^-1. 材料的最大无量纲热电优值在600K时达到0.5.     

烧结温度对Cf/SiC复合材料结构及性能的影响

以碳纤维为增强体, 热压烧结制备了C_f/SiC复合材料, 研究了烧结温度对C_f/SiC复合材料密度、结构及性能的影响. 研究发现: 提高烧结温度能够促进C_f/SiC复合材料的致密度; 当烧结温度低于1850℃时, 升高烧结温度, 复合材料的强度和断裂韧性也随之提高. 当烧结温度为1850℃时, 复合材料的性能最优, 弯曲强度达500.1MPa, 断裂韧性为16.9MPa·m ^1/2. 当烧结温度达到1880℃时, 复合材料性能反而下降.     

原位反应结合多孔Si3N4陶瓷的制备及其介电性能

以氮化硅(Si₃N₄)和氧化铝(Al₂O₃)为起始原料, 利用原位反应结合技术制备Si₃N₄多孔陶瓷. 研究烧结温度和保温时间对Si₃N₄多孔陶瓷的微观结构、力学性能以及介电性能的影响. 结果表明: 烧结温度在1350℃以下, 保温时间<4h时, 随着烧结温度的升高, 保温时间的延长, 样品的强度和介电常数增大; 但条件超出这个范围, 结果刚好相反; 物相分析表明多孔陶瓷主要由Si3N4和Al₂O₃以及Si₃N₄氧化生成的SiO₂(方石英)组成. 所制备的多孔Si₃N₄陶瓷的气孔率范围为25.34%～48.86%, 抗弯强度为34.77～127.85MPa, 介电常数为3.0～4.6, 介电损耗约为0.002.     

Ca0.3(Li1/2Sm1/2)0.7TiO3微波介质陶瓷的低温烧结研究

采用传统陶瓷制备工艺, 制备了掺杂Na₂O-CaO-B₂O₃(NCB)氧化物的Ca_0.3(Li_1/2Sm_1/2)_0.7TiO₃(CLST)陶瓷, 研究了NCB掺杂量与晶相组成、显微结构、烧结性能及微波介电性能的关系. 研究结果表明: 复合氧化物NCB掺杂量在1wt%～15wt%范围内没有杂相生成, 晶相仍呈斜方钙钛矿结构. 随着NCB添加量的增加, 陶瓷致密化温度和饱和体积密度降低, 介电常数ε_r、无载品质因数与谐振频率乘积Qf值也呈下降趋势, 频率温度系数τ_f向正方向增大. NCB氧化物掺杂能有效地将CLST陶瓷的烧结温度由1300℃降低至900℃. 添加12.5wt% NCB的CLST陶瓷在低温900℃烧结5h仍具有良好的微波介电性能: ε_r=73.7, Qf=1583GHz, τ_f=140.1×10-6/℃, 满足高介多层微波器件的设计要求.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.