一种嵌入式系统软硬件划分算法

软硬件划分是嵌入式系统软硬件协同设计中的一个关键问题.传统划分算法具有局部最优,收敛速度慢的缺陷.为使组成系统性能达到最优化,提出一种新的嵌入式系统软硬件划分算法.先采用嵌入式系统转化成有向无环图,可将嵌入式系统软硬件划分问题转换成一个多条件约束问题,用蚂蚁放置于有向无环图顶点上,对系统软硬件的划分准确率作为蚁群算法优化目标,通过蚁群算法搜索最优目标函数值,有效避免传统划分算法搜索陷入局部最小,大幅度降低搜索时间.实验结果表明,采用蚁群算法能够高效、快速获得准确地划分结果,为嵌入式系统设计提供了依据.     

一种基于单CPU单ASIC结构的软硬件划分算法

软硬件划分是软硬件协同设计中的关键问题之一。本文针对单CPU单ASIC结构嵌入式系统，提出了一种基于数据流图的划分算法。实验结果表明，该算法可以有效地解决软硬件划分问题，效率较高，对固定时间约束下硬件面积最小划分问题具有一定的实际意义。     

具有初始信息素的蚂蚁寻优软硬件划分算法

面向基于平台的系统芯片设计,提出具有初始信息素的蚂蚁寻优软硬件划分算法AOwIP．基本思想是：①利用基于平台的设计方法中已有参考设计的软硬件划分结果作为初始划分解,进行适当变换后生成初始信息素分布．②在所生成初始信息素分布的基础上,利用蚂蚁算法正反馈、高效收敛的优势寻求最优划分解．该算法利用基于平台的设计方法强调系统重用的优势,克服蚂蚁算法在求解软硬件划分问题时缺乏初始信息素的不足．实验表明,AOwIP算法有效提高了蚂蚁算法的最优解搜索效率．     

K均值聚类和模拟退火融合的软硬件划分

文章提出了一种K均值聚类和模拟退火融合的软硬件划分算法。算法首先将有相似属性的任务节点通过K均值聚类算法组成一个大的任务节点,而后使用模拟退火算法划分由大的任务节点组成的系统。通过对比经典的模拟退火软硬件划分技术以及实验结果的验证表明,使用K均值聚类和模拟退火融合的软硬件划分算法使有着较多任务节点的复杂系统的软硬件划分快速收敛到合适的值。     

基于免疫算法的嵌入式系统软硬件划分方法

软硬件划分是嵌入式系统协同设计的关键问题之一。提出了一种划分模型，并通过改进的免疫算法解决了在多约束条件下软硬件划分的优化问题。在该免疫算法中，引入了免疫算子，通过从以往经验中提取疫苗，在生成子代过程中注入疫苗，使划分算法得到了优化。实验表明该算法具有较快的收敛速度，并且在总体性能上优于传统遗传算法。     

面向RSoC的过程级动态软硬件划分

软硬件划分作为可重构片上系统设计的重要技术手段,其结果直接影响到系统的性能。目前的软硬件划分大多只考虑从算法本身提高划分效果,忽略了划分结果的具体配置实现,导致划分效果很不理想。分析了预配置模型下的任务描述,给出了预配置调度优先级的计算方法,设计了一种预配置调度策略;针对软硬件划分与动态可重构的特点,提出并实现了一种结合预配置的软硬件划分算法,给出了一种评价软硬件划分方案优劣的方法。实验结果表明,该划分方法具有良好的划分效果。     

遗传算法与蚂蚁算法动态融合的软硬件划分

面向嵌入式系统和SoC(system-on-a-chip)软硬件双路划分问题,提出遗传算法与蚂蚁算法动态融合的软硬件划分算法.基本思想是:(1)利用遗传算法群体性、全局、随机、快速搜索的优势生成初始划分解,将其转化为蚂蚁算法所需的初始信息素分布,然后利用蚂蚁算法正反馈、高效6收敛的优势求取最优划分解;(2)在遗传算法运行过程中动态确定遗传算法与蚂蚁算法的最佳融合时机,避免由于遗传算法过早或过晚结束而影响划分算法的整体性能.该算法既发挥了遗传算法与蚂蚁算法在寻优搜索中各自的优势,又克服了遗传算法在搜索到一定阶段时最优解搜索效率低以及蚂蚁算法初始信息素匮乏的不足,并且在算法中提出了遗传算法与蚂蚁算法动态融合的衔接策略.实验结果表明,该算法在性能上明显优于遗传算法和蚂蚁算法,并且划分问题规模越大,优势越明显.     

三种软硬件划分算法的比较分析

软硬件划分是嵌入式系统软硬件协同设计中的关键技术之一,如何兼顾系统的性能和成本,达到两者的最佳结合,是软硬件划分的主要问题.针对单CPU多ASICs类型的目标结构,选取了遗传算法、禁忌搜索算法和模拟退火算法等全局优化算法进行系统的软硬件划分,并对3种算法的有效性进行了比较分析.     

嵌入式系统在资源争用条件下的软硬件划分

以一种具有时间约束的数据流图DFG的可调度性分析为基础,提出一种软硬件划分算法．该算法将由共享资源争用引起的性能影响考虑在内,使得软硬件划分能依据更为精确的性能分析结果,由此将缩小软硬件划分中性能估计同实际运行状况之间的差异,提高划分的合理性,也使得目标系统的性能获得更可靠的保证．     

基于EDA的嵌入式系统软硬件划分方法

针对嵌入式系统软硬件协同设计中的软硬件划分问题,提出了一种基于分布估计算法的解决方案,通过将算法映射到一般结构Gauss网络上,提高了算法的稳定性和搜索效率.结果表明,该算法有效地解决了软硬件划分问题.     

多选择软硬件划分问题的计算模型与动态规划算法

软硬件划分是软硬件协同设计的关键环节,划分的结果直接影响目标系统的设计质量。因此,对于一个给定的应用程序,为了使得目标系统快速执行且成本低廉,合理的划分策略十分重要。由于单个任务具有多种不同的硬件实现方式,与传统的单一硬件实现方式的软硬件划分问题相比,多选择的软硬件划分更能客观地反映现实应用。这导致问题的求解更具挑战性,它们已被证明是NP完全问题。基于多核处理器片上系统并针对任务图为二叉树的应用,建立了多选择软硬件划分问题的计算模型,并提出了解决该问题的动态规划算法。实验结果表明,当问题规模适中时,所提动态规划算法能够有效地获得精确解,并展示了算法的计算能力与硬件面积限制之间的关系。     

Efficient heuristic and tabu search for hardware/software partitioning

Hardware/software (HW/SW) partitioning is a crucial step in HW/SW codesign that determines which components of the system are implemented on hardware and which ones on software. It has been proved that the HW/SW partitioning problem is NP-hard. In this paper, we present two approaches for HW/SW partitioning that aims to minimize the hardware cost while taking into account software and communication constraints. The first is a heuristic approach that treats the HW/SW partitioning problem as an extended 0–1 knapsack problem. In the second approach, tabu search is used to further improve the solution obtained from the proposed heuristic algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms outperform a recently reported work by up to 28 %.     

高效软硬件划分算法及其提升技术

软硬件划分是软硬件协同设计的关键环节,它决定系统中哪些组件由软件实现,哪些由硬件实现。软硬件划分问题已被证明是NP完全问题。将一类软硬件划分问题看作变异的0-1背包问题,在求解背包问题的算法基础上构造出软硬件划分问题的优质启发解。此外,采用禁忌搜索(Tabu Search)算法对求得的启发解进行改进,在软件开销和通信开销满足一定约束的条件下,使得硬件开销尽可能小。实验结果证明,所提算法对当前最新算法的改进最大可达到28%。     

基于NSGA-II的嵌入式系统软硬件划分方法

软硬件划分是软硬件协同设计中的一个关键问题。针对单处理器嵌入式系统,提出将NSGA-II应用于软硬件划分中,该算法一次运行可以获得多个Pareto最优解,为各个目标函数之间权衡分析提供了有效的工具,提高了设计效率。结果表明,通过该划分方法,在满足系统性能要求下,可为复杂嵌入式系统提供多个设计目标的全局优化方案。     

一种基于DQCGA算法的软硬件动态划分方法

软硬件划分是嵌入式系统设计的高层抽象环节中最重要的关键步骤之一.在某些数据相关的应用领域中,划分环境是动态变化的,因此我们提出了一种解决动态软硬件划分的方法.这种方法基于一种名为DQCGA的演化算法.DQCGA算法受自然界中对称和互补机制的启发,操纵一对互补的概率向量来适应动态变化的环境.我们系统地完成了建模,动态环境定义等环节,然后通过和已有方法的比较,有针对性地设计了实验.试验结果很好地证明了该方法对于解决软硬件划分问题的可行性和有效性,并且较之以往的方法有着更好的表现.     

基于贪心算法和模拟退火算法的软硬件划分

软硬件划分是嵌入式系统设计过程中一个关键环节,已经被证明是一个NP问题。针对目前算法在进行大任务集下的软硬件划分时计算复杂度高、不能快速收敛,且找到的全局最优解的质量不佳等问题,提出一种基于贪心算法和模拟退火算法相融合的软硬件划分方法。首先将软硬件划分问题规约为变异的0-1背包问题,在求解背包问题的算法基础上用贪心算法构造出初始划分解;然后,对代价函数的解空间进行合理的区域划分,并基于划分的区间设计新的代价函数,采用改进的模拟退火算法对初始划分进行全局寻优。实验结果表明,与目前已有的类似改进算法相比,新算法在任务划分质量和算法运行时间两个方面的提升率最大可达到8%和17%左右,具有高效性和实用性。     

A Novel Hardware/Software Partitioning Method Based on Position Disturbed Particle Swarm Optimization with Invasive Weed Optimization

With the development of the design complexity in embedded systems, hardware/software (HW/SW) partitioning becomes a challenging optimization problem in HW/SW co-design. A novel HW/SW partitioning method based on position disturbed particle swarm optimization with invasive weed optimization (PDPSO-IWO) is presented in this paper. It is found by biologists that the ground squirrels produce alarm calls which warn their peers to move away when there is potential predatory threat. Here, we present PDPSO algorithm, in each iteration of which the squirrel behavior of escaping from the global worst particle can be simulated to increase population diversity and avoid local optimum. We also present new initialization and reproduction strategies to improve IWO algorithm for searching a better position, with which the global best position can be updated. Then the search accuracy and the solution quality can be enhanced. PDPSO and improved IWO are synthesized into one single PDPSO-IWO algorithm, which can keep both searching diversification and searching intensification. Furthermore, a hybrid NodeRank (HNodeRank) algorithm is proposed to initialize the population of PDPSO-IWO, and the solution quality can be enhanced further. Since the HW/SW communication cost computing is the most time-consuming process for HW/SW partitioning algorithm, we adopt the GPU parallel technique to accelerate the computing. In this way, the runtime of PDPSO-IWO for large-scale HW/SW partitioning problem can be reduced efficiently. Finally, multiple experiments on benchmarks from state-of-the-art publications and large-scale HW/SW partitioning demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher performance than other algorithms.     

Algorithmic aspects for multiple-choice hardware/software partitioning

Hardware–software partitioning (HW/SW) divides an application into software and hardware. It is one of the crucial steps in embedded system design. For a given task, hardware with different areas may provide different execution speeds due to the potential of parallel execution in hardware implementation. Thus, one task may have multiple-choice in hardware implementation according to the available hardware areas. Existing HW/SW partitioning approaches typically consider only a single implementation manner in hardware, overlooking the multiple-choice of hardware implementations. This paper presents a computing model to cater for the HW/SW partitioning problems with the multiple-choice implementation in hardware. An efficient heuristic algorithm is proposed to rapidly generate approximate solution, that is further refined by a tabu search algorithm also customized in this paper. Moreover, a dynamic programming algorithm is proposed for the exact solution of the relatively small problems. Extensive simulation results show that the approximate solutions are very close to the exact ones, and they can be refined by tabu search to the solutions with the error no more than 1.5% for all cases considered in this paper.     

New Model and Algorithm for Hardware/Software Partitioning

This paper focuses on the algorithmic aspects for the hardware/software （HW/SW） partitioning which searches a reasonable composition of hardware and software components which not only satisfies the constraint of hardware area but also optimizes the execution time. The computational model is extended so that all possible types of communications can be taken into account for the HW/SW partitioning. Also, a new dynamic programming algorithm is proposed on the basis of the computational model, in which source data, rather than speedup in previous work, of basic scheduling blocks are directly utilized to calculate the optimal solution. The proposed algorithm runs in O（n·A） for n code fragments and the available hardware area A. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm solves the HW/SW partitioning without increase in running time, compared with the algorithm cited in the literature.     

过程级动态划分的RSoC软硬件双通信模式

软硬件通信模式的选择对软硬件通信效率产生很大影响.根据硬件函数的特点,提出一种根据软硬件通信量自适应地选择通信模式的软硬件双通信模式,并构建了一种通信模式自适应决策算法,软硬件通信模式的选择对用户透明.实验表明,根据运行时系统状态自适应地选择通信模式,软硬件通信效率得到优化,面积开销也适当减少.