感应信号引起的转报机异步单元故障分析

广州新机场的转报系统不但是整个中南地区AFTN电报的汇聚中心,同时还承担了香港、澳门的AFTN~I转发和交换,目前主要采用FA36网络作为中南地区AFTN电报业务的传输平台。FA36网络是中南地区新建的综合业务传输网络,覆盖了中南地区的各个空管分局（站）,负责完成各节点的雷达、电报等空管业务的交换与传输。文章通过对转报机异步单元发生的故障进行分析,进一步深入了解新设备的相关电气特性和性能特点,以积累新设备的维护经验,更好地保障空管业务的正常运行,提高空管设备的保障能力。     

领航计划报预处理方法探讨

当前民航系统使用的AFTN（航空固定电信网）报文存在格式、内容、数据不规范的问题,致使FDP系统（飞行数据处理系统）报文识别率不高。本文针对FPL（领航计划报）报文进行预处理,对于重复性FPL报文,采用直接查询调用历史数据的方法。而新报文则根据FPL报文标准进行规范性判断和纠正处理,并将处理结果保存为历史数据作为下一轮处理的参考数据。实验证明,原本FDP系统无法识别的FPL报文经过预处理后再进入FDP系统,FDP系统识别率可以达到75％以上,FDP系统的FPL报文识别率得到了显著的提高。     

电报自动处理平台的设计与实现

本文结合工程实际,在分析中国民航航空固定格式电报结构的基础上,阐述了空管系统与航空电报网的物理接口方式,研究了利用电报自动处理技术实现的空管系统电报数据源的引入,并着重描述了自动处理平台的报文接收、存储、分析的处理流程以及关键技术。     

THE SYSTEMIC FORMALIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE INVOLVING UNCERTAINTY

Abstract

We have developed generic models useful for modeling human expertise involving uncertainty. These generic models are based on fundamental work carried out in the field of systems science, in which various researchers have developed formalisms for modeling systems in general. In this paper, we present our Systemic U-Knowledge Framework, which utilizes our models and new mathematical constructs we have developed for modeling uncertainty. We have validated the resulting formalism by modeling the expertise of an education expert, and have used the model as a basis for automated problem-solving.     

MY RECOLLECTIONS OF G.2 A.6

Abstract

In this article, we consider an attack on the SIGABA cipher under the assumption that the largest practical keyspace is used. The attack highlights various strengths and weaknesses of SIGABA and provides insight into the inherent level of security provided by the cipher.     

REMARKS TOWARD A GENERAL THEORY OF ORGANIZATION

The paper contains the following elements: (1) a discussion of the role of logical formalisms in scientific theory as a way of establishing legitimacy for general organization theory, (2) a discursive account of the relation between information and entropy in endosomatic and exosomatic evolution, and the deficiencies in such an approach, (3) a formal derivation of the relation between organization, information, and entropy utilizing the work of Brillouin and Watanabe and notions from statistical mechanics, and (4) an application of the theory of organization to the evolution of the scientific process, as well as some suggestions for applications elsewhere.     

FFFIS编解码算法与实现

在对FFFIS(Form Fit Function Interface Specification)的Eurobalise报文特点进行简单介绍的基础上,对其编解码算法进行了探讨,并根据FFFIS标准提出了高速算法以及系统软硬件实现方案,最后对其应用进行了简单介绍。     

基于Java和Oracle数据库的航空飞行电报数据处理

航空飞行电报是空中交通管制指挥监测的重要数据源，电报中包含了航空飞行的关键数据信息，介绍了一种基于Java和Oracle数据库的航空飞行电报数据提取和数据加载的方法，并对其性能优化，避免数据冗余的特点作了重点描述。     

Permanently online – Permanently connected: Explorations into university students’ use of social media and mobile smart devices

BackgroundWith the availability of mobile smart devices, many adolescents have developed the habit of being online and connected with other users almost all the time.ObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to provide a definition of being permanently online (PO) and permanently connected (PC) and to explore students’ current PO/PC behaviors.MethodsAn online survey was conducted with 178 university students in Germany to explore the intensity of their PO/PC behaviors in various social situations, the differences in being PO and being PC, students’ feelings about a possible loss of Internet access, and their online responding behaviors. We also shed some light on the associations between being PO/PC and various aspects of well-being, as well as between PO/PC and demographics and lifestyle.ResultsSmart device usage behaviors at night and behaviors in various social situations during the day indicate that PO and PC behaviors are occurring frequently. The results show that being connected to others (PC) seems to be more relevant to the participants than browsing the web (PO). Moreover, the participants expressed strong emotional responses about a temporary loss of Internet access. Coping behaviors in response to increasing number of incoming messages and permanent availability are reported.ConclusionThis exploratory study demonstrates the relevance of the concepts of being PO and PC to students, and points out further research gaps.     

民航电报收发系统设计

随着民航信息化的发展,越来越多的信息系统需要直接处理民航电报报文,尤其是飞行动态报。文章简要论述了一个电报收发系统的方案构想和初步设计,着重论述了涉及到的相关技术。     

中尺度气象站网探测数据的UDP报文传输方法分析与研究

中尺度气象站网覆盖面积广,探测数据时空分辨率高,可服务于工农业生产和灾害监测预警。针对观测网发报终端数量大,报文频次密集且长期连续发报,传输实时性、可靠性要求严格的特点,使用GPRS网络通讯模块建立效率高但可靠性无保障的UDP连接方式,依靠数据中心和发报端的交互机制,实现气象探测资料可靠传输。在安徽省地面气象探测网的应用表明,数据到报率符合中国气象局相关业务规范的要求。     

LESSONS FROM EMOTION PSYCHOLOGY FOR THE DESIGN OF LIFELIKE CHARACTERS

ABSTRACT

This special issue describes a number of applications that utilize lifelike characters that teach indirectly, by playing some role in a social interaction with a user. The design of such systems reflects a compromise between competing, sometimes unarticulated, demands: They must realistically exhibit the behaviors and characteristics of their role, they must facilitate the desired learning, and they must work within the limitations of current technology, and there is little theoretical or empirical guidance on the impact of these compromises on learning. Our perspective on this problem is shaped by our interest in the role of emotion and emotional behaviors in such forms of learning. In recent years, there has been an explosion of interest in the role of emotion in the design of virtual humans. The techniques and motivations underlying these various efforts can seem, from an outsider's perspective, as bewildering and multifaceted as the concept of emotion itself is generally accused of being. Drawing on insights from emotion psychology, this article attempts to clarify for the designers of educational agents the various theoretical perspectives on the concept of emotion with the aim of giving guidance to designers of educational agents.     

APPLICATION OF ITERATIVE ALGORITHMS TO ADAPTIVE PREDICTIVE CODING

Abstract

Application of various iterative algorithms to adaptive predictive coding (APC) of image data is described. The variable steepsize steepest descent (VSSD) algorithm, obtained by coupling the adaptive predictor to the adaptive quantizer (Mark, 1976), represents the best candidate in terms of system performance and system complexity. The Kalman algorithm exhibits fast convergence and good distortion measure, but is too complex for implementation. For grey level image coding, an adaptive Laplacian quantizer in conjunction with adaptive predictive coding exhibits superior performance to an adaptive Gaussian quantizer. APC coding of image data offers at least a 7dB improvement in SNR over optimum PCM at any quantization level.     

SYNTHESIS OF HYBRID LANGUAGES

Abstract

A specific hybrid tool, the Vienna Knowledge Engineering Tool, is used, in discussing the advantages and disadvantages of hybrid systems during their development and application. An object-oriented programming approach is introduced to serve as binding agent between the system components and as friendly interface to the user.     

STABILITY ANALYSIS: AN APPROACH TO THE EVALUATION OF SYSTEM DESIGN

Abstract

The performance of most modern day, large-scale systems is defined in terms of their degree of achievement for various measures of effectiveness (e.g., cost, power output, environmental impact, etc.). These measures, in turn, are often derived from multiple, conflicting, and (usually) nonlinear functions which serve to reflect the system's design specifications. Considerable effort has been devoted to the development of various design tools, both conventional (i.e., single objective models) and multiobjective (e.g., utility theory, goal programming), but far less attention seems to have been paid to the development of a practical methodology for system sensitivity analysis. Unfortunately, in real world problems, the sensitivity of the system with respect to variations in system parameters may be as important, or more so, than just the determination of the static, “optimal” design. In this paper we deal with this aspect of system design and demonstrate our proposed approach via actual implementation to the specific design problem associated with beam pattern forming in phased antenna arrays.     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF CAUTIONARY SIGNAL PRESENTATIONS

Abstract

Four experiments were performed to investigate optimum methods for presenting cautionary-warning information. In each experiment multiple compensatory tracking constituted a primary task, while response to various cautionary-warning signals constituted a collateral task. Experiment I investigated the effects of a centrally located master signal on response to peripherally located cautionary indicators. Experiments II and III compared the effectiveness of various types of visual, auditory and combined visual-auditory master cautionary-warning signals under various levels of task complexity. In Experiment IV, the design of lonsed, legend cautionary-warning indicators was investigated. The major results of the four experiments indicated that when multiple cautionary-warning signals are presented peripherally : (1) the use of a master signal reduces response time and the number of signals missed, (2) auditory master signals are superior to visual, the use of a combined visual-auditory master produces the fewest missed signals, (4) a two-tone auditory master is superior to a one-tone, (5) for illuminated legend signals, a dark legend on an illuminated background is superior to an illuminated legend on a dark background, and (6) for the former type a letter height of ¼ in. is superior to one of ? in. (height to width ratio 5 : 3) but is not significantly better than one of ? in.     

TOPIC DETECTION OF UNRESTRICTED TEXTS: APPROACHES AND EVALUATIONS

ABSTRACT

Topic detection and tracking refers to automatic techniques for locating topically related cohesive paragraphs in a stream of text. Most documents are about more than one subject, but many Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Information Retrieval (IR) techniques implicitly assume documents have just one topic. Even in the presence of a single topic within a document, the document may address multiple subtopics and various aspects of the primary topic. Hence, dividing documents into topically coherent units and discovering their topic might have many uses. We describe new clues that account for the topic of grouping of contiguous portions of the text. Those clues are based on general lexical resources, which make them applicable to unrestricted texts, and can have many uses such as helping users find answers to general questions in an information search task, or in question/answering systems, or in text summarization. We devise an algorithm for identifying these clues, and we report on the performance of these clues, as well as the improvements suggested by our experiments.     

Enhancing mirror adaptive random testing through dynamic partitioning

ContextAdaptive random testing (ART), originally proposed as an enhancement of random testing, is often criticized for the high computation overhead of many ART algorithms. Mirror ART (MART) is a novel approach that can be generally applied to improve the efficiency of various ART algorithms based on the combination of “divide-and-conquer” and “heuristic” strategies.ObjectiveThe computation overhead of the existing MART methods is actually on the same order of magnitude as that of the original ART algorithms. In this paper, we aim to further decrease the order of computation overhead for MART.MethodWe conjecture that the mirroring scheme in MART should be dynamic instead of static to deliver a higher efficiency. We thus propose a new approach, namely dynamic mirror ART (DMART), which incrementally partitions the input domain and adopts new mirror functions.ResultsOur simulations demonstrate that the new DMART approach delivers comparable failure-detection effectiveness as the original MART and ART algorithms while having much lower computation overhead. The experimental studies further show that the new approach also delivers a better and more reliable performance on programs with failure-unrelated parameters.ConclusionIn general, DMART is much more cost-effective than MART. Since its mirroring scheme is independent of concrete ART algorithms, DMART can be generally applied to improve the cost-effectiveness of various ART algorithms.     

局部二进制模式方法综述

目的 局部二进制模式(LBP)是一种理论简单、计算高效的非参数局部纹理特征描述子。由于其具有较高的特征鉴别力和较低的计算复杂度,因此近期获得了越来越多的关注,在图像分析、计算机视觉和模式识别领域得到了广泛的应用,尤其是在纹理分类和人脸识别两个经典的模式识别问题中,LBP方法得到充分的研究和发展。鉴于LBP的理论意义和实用价值,为了使国内外同行对LBP方法有一个较为全面的了解,对其进行系统总结。方法 在广泛文献调研的基础上,主要以纹理分类和人脸识别为应用背景,系统综述了LBP及现有各种LBP各种改进方法,从每种方法的研究动机、解决思路和方法特点及性能等方面进行总结。结果 首先,回顾了LBP方法的发展历程,综述了LBP及其众多改进方法的基本原理,系统梳理和评述了各种LBP方法的优势与不足,并在统一框架下对各种LBP方法进行分类总结;然后,综述了LBP及其各种改进方法在纹理分类和人脸识别中的应用研究,并总结了一些方法在基准数据库上达到的最高分类正确率;最后,凝练出LBP方法进一步的发展方向。结论 LBP方法的研究仍然是计算机视觉和模式识别领域倍受青睐的热点研究领域,仍然有更多低存储、快速的二值特征描述子被提出,LBP方法的应用领域仍在继续拓展。     

THE ECONOMICS OF REUSE

Abstract

Code reuse will soon be recognized as an economic necessity. Reuse is quicker, more efficient, and less costly than writing new code. Businesses can only benefit from the reuse of code if new thinking is applied to methods of reuse implementation and support.