n-GaN/Ti/Al/Ni/Au欧姆接触温度特性及微结构研究

主要对n-GaN/Ti/Al/Ni/Au欧姆接触在高温下(500℃)的特性进行了研究,发现在所测温度范围内,接触电阻率随测量温度的升高呈现出增加的趋势,接触开始退化.同时分析研究了在不同高温、不同时间范围内(24 h)欧姆接触高温存储前后的变化,分析发现对于温度不高于500℃、在24 h内存储温度升高,接触电阻率增加.当样品被施加500℃,24 h的热应力后,其接触电阻率表现出不可恢复性增加.通过X射线衍射能谱分析了高温前后欧姆接触内部结构的变化机理,经过500℃的高温后,Ti层原子穿过Al层与Ni层原子发生固相反应.     

n-GaN/Ti/Al/Ni/Au欧姆接触温度特性及微结构研究

主要对n-GaN/Ti/Al/Ni/Au欧姆接触在高温下（500℃）的特性进行了研究，发现在所测温度范围内，接触电阻率随测量温度的升高呈现出增加的趋势，接触开始退化。同时分析研究了在不同高温、不同时间范围内（24h）欧姆接触高温存储前后的变化，分析发现对于温度不高于500℃、在24h内存储温度升高，接触电阻率增加。当样品被施加500℃，24h的热应力后，其接触电阻率表现出不可恢复性增加。通过X射线衍射能谱分析了高温前后欧姆接触内部结构的变化机理，经过500℃的高温后，Ti层原子穿过Al层与Ni层原子发生固相反应。     

n-GaN基Ti/Al/Ni/Au的欧姆接触高温特性

研究了在高温工作环境下Ti/Al/Ni/Au(15nm/220nm/40nm/50nm)四层复合金属层与n-GaN的欧姆接触的高温工作特性.退火后样品在500℃高温下工作仍能显示出良好的欧姆接触特性;接触电阻率随测量温度的增加而增大,且增加幅度与掺杂浓度有密切关系.掺杂浓度越高,其接触电阻率随测量温度的升高而增加越缓慢;重掺杂样品的Ti/Al/Ni/Au-n-GaN欧姆接触具有更佳的高温可靠性;当样品被施加500℃,1h的热应力后,其接触电阻率表现出不可恢复性增加.     

n-GaN基Ti/Al/Ni/Au的欧姆接触高温特性

研究了在高温工作环境下Ti/Al/Ni/Au(15nm/220nm/40nm/50nm)四层复合金属层与n-GaN的欧姆接触的高温工作特性.退火后样品在500℃高温下工作仍能显示出良好的欧姆接触特性;接触电阻率随测量温度的增加而增大,且增加幅度与掺杂浓度有密切关系.掺杂浓度越高,其接触电阻率随测量温度的升高而增加越缓慢;重掺杂样品的Ti/Al/Ni/Au-n-GaN欧姆接触具有更佳的高温可靠性;当样品被施加500℃,1h的热应力后,其接触电阻率表现出不可恢复性增加.     

金属/n型AlGaN欧姆接触

用传输线模型对n型AlGaN(n-AlGaN)上Au/Pt/Al/Ti多金属层欧姆接触进行了接触电阻率的测量.在850℃退火5min后,测得欧姆接触电阻率达1.6×10-4Ω·cm2.经X射线衍射分析,Au/Pt/Al/Ti/n-AlGaN界面固相反应得出在500℃以上退火过程中,AlGaN层中N原子向外扩散,在AlGaN表面附近形成n型重掺杂层,导致欧姆接触电阻率下降;随退火温度的升高,N原子外扩散加剧,到800℃以上退火在Au/Pt/Al/Ti/n-AlGaN界面形成Ti2N相,导致欧姆接触电阻率进一步下降.     

金属/n型AlGaN欧姆接触

用传输线模型对n型AlGaN(n-AlGaN)上Au/Pt/Al/Ti多金属层欧姆接触进行了接触电阻率的测量.在850℃退火5min后,测得欧姆接触电阻率达1.6×10-4Ω·cm2.经X射线衍射分析,Au/Pt/Al/Ti/n-AlGaN界面固相反应得出在500℃以上退火过程中,AlGaN层中N原子向外扩散,在AlGaN表面附近形成n型重掺杂层,导致欧姆接触电阻率下降;随退火温度的升高,N原子外扩散加剧,到800℃以上退火在Au/Pt/Al/Ti/n-AlGaN界面形成Ti2N相,导致欧姆接触电阻率进一步下降.     

n-GaN 基 Ti／AI／Ni／Au的欧姆接触高温特性

研究了在高温工作环境下Ti／A1／Ni／Au（15nm／220nm／40nm／50nm）四层复合金属层与n-GaN的欧姆接触的高温工作特性，退火后样品在500℃高温下工作仍能显示出良好的欧姆接触特性；接触电阻率随测量温度的增加而增大，且增加幅度与掺杂浓度有密切关系，掺杂浓度越高，其接触电阻率随测量温度的升高而增加越缓慢；重掺杂样品的Ti／A1／Ni／Au-n-GaN欧姆接触具有更佳的高温可靠性；当样品被施加500℃，1h的热应力后，其接触电阻率表现出不可恢复性增加。     

Ti/Al/Ni/Au金属体系在N-polar GaN上的欧姆接触特性

利用金属有机化合物化学气相淀积(MOCVD)在SiC衬底上外延生长了N-polar GaN材料,采用传输线模型(TLM)分析了Ti/Al/Ni/Au金属体系在N-polar GaN上的欧姆接触特性.结果表明,Ti/Al/Ni/Au (20/60/10/50 nm)在N-polar GaN上可形成比接触电阻率为2.2×10-3Ω·cm2的非合金欧姆接触,当退火温度升至200℃,比接触电阻率降为1.44×10-3 Ω·cm2,随着退火温度的进一步上升,Ga原子外逸导致欧姆接触退化为肖特基接触.     

非故意掺杂GaN上Ti/Al/Ni/Au欧姆接触研究

基于圆形传输线模型,研究了背景载流子浓度为71016cm3的非故意掺杂GaN与Ti/Al/Ni/Au多层金属之间欧姆接触的形成。样品在N2气氛中,分别经过温度450,550,700,800,900℃的1 min快速热退火处理后发现,当退火温度高于700℃欧姆接触开始形成,随着温度升高欧姆接触电阻持续下降,在900℃时获得了最低比接触电阻6.6106O·cm2。研究表明,要获得低的欧姆接触电阻,需要Al与Ti发生充分固相反应,并穿透Ti层到达GaN表面;同时,GaN中N外扩散到金属中,在GaN表面产生N空位起施主作用,可提高界面掺杂浓度,从而有助于电子隧穿界面而形成良好欧姆接触。     

n-GaN表面Ti/Al/Ti/Au电极的电学特性

实验研究了淀积在GaN上的Ti/Al/Ti/Au电极的电学和热学特性,绘制了不同退火温度下的I-V曲线,得到了最低的欧姆接触电阻率(ρs=1.2×10-4 Ω·cm2),并通过X射线衍射谱分析了GaN与Ti/Al/Ti/Au电极接触表面在退火过程中的固相反应.实验结果表明,在Ti/Al表面增加Ti/Au保护层能够保证Al层在高温时不发生球化和氧化,电极更稳定可靠能够进一步提高欧姆接触特性.     

Ti/WSi/Ni ohmic contact to n-type SiCN

Ti/WSi/Ni contact to n-type SiCN was investigated using the circular transmission line method. Current-voltage characteristics, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the contacts before and after annealing. It is shown that the conducting behavior of the contacts is dependent on the annealing temperature. After annealing at 900 ℃ or above, ohmic contacts with specific contact resistivity were achieved. The 1000-℃-annealed contact exhibits the lowest specific contact of 3.07 ×10-5 Ω·cm2. The formation of ohmic contact with low specific contact resistivity was discussed.     

Study of contact resistivity, mechanical integrity, and thermal stability of Ti/Al and Ta/Al ohmic contacts to n-type GaN

The annealing conditions and contact resistivities of Ta/Al ohmic contacts to n-type GaN are reported for the first time. The high temperature stability and mechanical integrity of Ti/Al and Ta/Al contacts have been investigated. Ta/Al (35 nm/115 nm) contacts to n-type GaN became ohmic after annealing for 3 min at 500°C or for 15 s at 600°C. A minimum contact resistivity of 5×10⁻⁶Ω cm² was measured after contacts were repatterned with an Al layer to reduce the effect of a high metal sheet resistance. Ti/Al and Ta/Al contacts encapsulated under vacuum in quartz tubes showed a significant increase in contact resistivity after aging for five days at 600°C. Cross section transmission electron microscopy micrographs and electrical measurements of aged samples indicate that the increased contact resistivity is primarily the result of degradation of the metal layers. Minimal reactions at the metal/GaN interface of aged samples were observed.     

垂直结构GaN基LED用Ni/Ag反射镜电极

Ni/Ag/Ti/Au金属系反射镜电极广泛用于GaN基垂直结构发光二极管(LED)的传统制造工艺.这种电极需要进行高温长时间整体退火才能获得高质量的欧姆接触,但对电极的反射率和器件性能影响较大.介绍了一种新工艺方法,该方法将电极分解为接触层和反射层,降低反射层经历的退火温度和时间,获得了拥有良好的欧姆接触特性和高反射率的反射镜电极,解决了传统电极光学性能和电学性能相互制约的问题.首先生长极薄的Ni/Ag作为接触层,对接触层进行高温长时间退火后再生长厚层Ag作为反射层,之后再进行一次低温退火.使得对反射起主要作用的反射层免于高温长时间退火,相较于传统Ni/Ag/Ti/Au电极,该方法在获得更优良的欧姆接触的同时,提升了电极的反射率.在氧气氛围下进行500℃接触层退火3 min,400℃整体退火1 min后,电极的比接触电阻率为1.7×l0-3Ω·cm2,同时在450 nm处反射率为93％.     

高Al组分n-AlGaN的Ti/Al/Ti/Au欧姆接触

采用Ti/Al/Ti/Au多层金属电极对高Al组分n-AlxGa1-xN(x=0.6)欧姆接触的制备进行了研究,通过优化Ti接触层厚度以及合金退火条件,获得了较低的比接触电阻率(5.67×10-5Ω.cm2)。研究证实,Ti接触层厚度对欧姆接触特性有着重要影响,同时发现,高低温两步退火方式之所以能够改善欧姆接触特性的本质是与Al3Ti及TiN各自的生成条件直接相关,即低温利于生成Al3Ti,高温利于生成TiN,而这对n型欧姆接触的有效形成至关重要。     

用于紫外探测器的AlGaN/GaN异质结构的Ti/Al/Ni/Au欧姆接触特性

采用Ti/Al/Ni/Au多层金属体系在Al0.27Ga0.73N/GaN异质结构上制备了欧姆接触.分别采用线性传输线方法(LTLM)和圆形传输线方法(CTLM)对其电阻率进行了测试.当Ti(10nm)/Al(100nm)/Ni(40nm)/Au(100nm)金属体系在650℃高纯N2气氛中退火30s时,测量得到的最小比接触电阻率为1.46×10-5Ω·cm2.并制备了Al0.27Ga0.73N/GaN光导型紫外探测器,通过测试发现探测器的暗电流.电压曲线呈线性分布.实验结果表明在Al0.27 Ga0.73N/GaN异质结构上获得了好的欧姆接触,能够满足制备高性能AlGaN/GaN紫外探测器的要求.     

Effect of annealing temperature on Ti/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contacts on undoped AlN films

The Ti/Al/Ni/Au metals were deposited on undoped AlN films by electron beam evaporation. The influence of annealing temperature on the properties of contacts was investigated. When the annealing temperatures were between 800 and 950℃, the AlN-Ti/Al/Ni/Au contacts became ohmic contacts and the resistance decreased with the increase of annealing temperature. A lowest specific contacts resistance of 0.379 Ω·cm² was obtained for the sample annealed at 950℃. In this work, we confirmed that the formation mechanism of ohmic contacts on AlN was due to the formation of Al-Au, Au-Ti and Al-Ni alloys, and reduction of the specific contacts resistance could originate from the formation of Au₂Ti and AlAu₂ alloys. This result provided a possibility for the preparation of AlN-based high-frequency, high-power devices and deep ultraviolet devices.     

Thermally stable Ge/Ag/Ni Ohmic contact for InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMTs

Excellent annealed ohmic contacts based on Ge/Ag/Ni metallization have been realized in a temperature range between 385 and 500/spl deg/C, with a minimum contact resistance of 0.06 /spl Omega//spl middot/mm and a specific contact resistivity of 2.62 /spl times/10/sup -7/ /spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/ obtained at an annealing temperature of 425/spl deg/C for 60 s in a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) system. Thermal storage tests at temperatures of 215 and 250/spl deg/C in a nitrogen ambient showed that the Ge/Ag/Ni based ohmic contacts with an overlay of Ti/Pt/Au had far superior thermal stabilities than the conventional annealed AuGe/Ni ohmic contacts for InAlAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). During the storage test at 215/spl deg/C, the ohmic contacts showed no degradation after 200 h. At 250/spl deg/C, the contact resistance value of the Ge/Ag/Ni ohmic contact increased only to a value of 0.1 /spl Omega//spl middot/mm over a 250-h period. Depletion-mode HEMTs (D-HEMTs) with a gate length of 0.2 /spl mu/m fabricated using Ge/Ag/Ni ohmic contacts with an overlay of Ti/Pt/Au demonstrated excellent dc and RF characteristics.     

Comparison between TiAl and TiAlNiAu ohmic contacts to n-type GaN

We report a comparison between Ti/Al and Ti/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contacts in terms of contact resistivity, thermal stability, depth profile, and surface morphology. The metals were deposited by conventional electron-beam evaporation, and then annealed at 900°C for 30 s in a N₂ atmosphere. The lowest value for the specific contact resistivity was obtained using Ti/Al/Ni/Au metallization. Ti/Al/Ni/Au contacts showed no increase in contact resistivity after aging for five days at 600°C in an air atmosphere. Examination of the surface morphology using atomic force microscopy revealed that the surface roughness was clearly better in the case of Ti/Al/Ni/Au contacts. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was also employed and gave primary results of Ti/Al/Ni/Au contact formation.     

p型GaN上Pd/NiO/Al/Ni反射电极欧姆接触的热稳定性研究

研究了p型GaN上Pd/NiO/Al/Ni反射电极欧姆接触的比接触电阻率、热稳定性,以及光学反射率。与传统Pd/Al/Ni电极相比,Pd/NiO/Al/Ni电极的欧姆接触在氮气环境中经300℃下热处理10min后,仍保持低比接触电阻率(小于5×10-4Ω·cm2)和高反射率(大于80%@365nm)。研究获得的优化Pd/NiO层厚度为1nm/2nm,此时的Pd/NiO/Al/Ni反射电极既能形成良好的欧姆接触,拥有低比接触电阻率,又能减少对紫外光的吸收,保持高反射率。研究表明适当的NiO层厚度能够有效地防止热处理过程中上层Al金属向p-GaN表面层的渗入,对于制备高质量的Al基反射电极至关重要。