双氯芬酸钠壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球的制备和性质简

目的制备双氯芬酸钠微球,获得理想的释药行为。方法以微球的载药量、包封率及体外释药行为评价指标,采用单因素考察确立了最佳处方;结果最佳处方为：壳聚糖分子量为150kD,海藻酸钠：壳聚糖=3：1,药物：空白微球=1：4,吸附时间为12h,吸附温度为37℃,得到药物浓度为5．0mg·ml-1结论以该最佳处方制备的微球,具有均匀的粒径和理想的释药行为。     

环胞素A植入微球的体外释放研究

目的:研究长效环胞素A(CyA)/PLA微球的体外释药特性.方法:以聚乳酸(PEA)为基质,采用乳化-挥发法制备CyA/PLA微球,采用HPLC法测定CyA/PLA微球中的含量,考察微球的体外释药性能.结果:CyA在5～80μg·mL<'-1>范围内呈线性,平均回收率为99.6%,RSD=1.12%(n=9).28 d的体外释药百分率为(65.32.4)%.结论:CyA/PLA微球体系具有一定的缓释性能.     

卡铂-乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物微球的制备和体外性质

目的制备卡铂-乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)微球,比较不同方法所得微球的形态、载药量和体外释药特点。方法采用相分离法和溶剂挥发法制备卡铂-PLGA微球,显微镜下测定微球的粒径和粒径分布,电子扫描显微镜观察微球表面形态。用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定微球含药量,计算包封率,考察微球体外释药行为。结果两种方法所得微球球形较好,相分离法制得的卡铂-PLGA微球,平均粒径为22~31μm,含药量为42~61μg·mg-1、包封率21%~31%;体外释放试验中药物于24h完全溶出。溶剂挥发法所得微球平均粒径为38~54μm,含药量为7.2μg·mg-1、包封率约为20%;体外药物突释率约为39%,缓释期药物释放符合Higuchi模型,PLGA75/25、η=0.19和PLGA50/50、η=0.18的微球药物释放速度常数分别为2.40h-1/2和0.85h-1/2;体外14d累计释药分别达到71%和54%。结论相分离法制备卡铂-PLGA微球含药量高,但体外释药快,没有缓释作用;溶剂挥发法所得微球药物突释率较低,体外能控制药物缓慢释放。     

阿霉素-PLGA微球体外释药特性的研究

目的阿霉素-PLGA微球体外释药特性的研究。方法以透析法考察阿霉素-PLGA微球的体外释药行为,采用紫外分光光度计在波长233 nm处测定阿霉素-PLGA微球的体外释药量。结果在0.1～20μg.ml-1浓度范围内,阿霉素浓度与吸光度之间呈良好的线性关系,药物的释放符合Higuchi方程。结论该方法简便、快速、准确,可作为阿霉素-PLGA微球体外释药的测定方法。     

血管内皮生长因子长效缓释微球不同配比对体外释放行为改善的研究

目的用生物可降解聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)制备载药微球包埋血管内皮生长因子(VEGF),并探索不同配比对释放行为的影响。方法采用不同分子量的PLGA制备不同粒径的载药微球,并经载药微球的合理配比改善其体外释放行为,达到优化工艺、降低成本的目的。结果载药微球粒径约为20μm、分子量10 kU:24 kU的配比为1:2组,粒径为20μm、分子量为24 kU和分子量为10 kU、粒径为6μm的载药微球配比为2:1组的体外释放突释较低,且在14 d内呈线性的零级释放趋势,体外释放行为得到改善。结论 VEGF长效缓释PLGA微球经优化配比后的持续释放能力较传统VEGF微球明显提高。     

重组人表皮细胞生长因子缓释微球治疗糖尿病大鼠溃疡

目的 制备重组人表皮细胞生长因子(rhEGF)缓释微球,并对其形貌、释药行为和在体外促进细胞增殖的能力进行评价;同时比较rhEGF缓释微球与rhEGF原液对糖尿病大鼠溃疡促愈作用的差异. 方法 (1)用改进的复乳法制备rhEGF缓释微球.透射电镜检测rhEGF微粒形貌表征,激光粒度仪/Zeta电位仪分析微球粒径分布,ELISA法测定rhEGF微球释药行为.(2)以小鼠成纤维细胞L929细胞系为对象,采用MTT法鉴定rhEGF缓释微球的生物学活性.(3)制备糖尿病大鼠溃疡模型,成模后采用随机数字表法将大鼠分为4组:rhEGF缓释微球组(A组)、rhEGF原液组(B组)、空白微球组(C组)、PBS溶媒对照组(D组),每天给药1次.分别于给药后3,7,14,21 d对溃疡创面照相计算创面愈合率.创缘皮肤取材,测定羟脯氨酸含量,免疫组化检测β1整合素和角蛋白-19并测量其阳性染色面积比. 结果 (1)rhEGF缓释微球平均粒径为193.5nm,粒径分布均匀,微球之间元粘连,分散性好.释药过程符合Higuchi释放动力学模型,释放时间长达24 h.(2)不同浓度rhEGF缓释微球均有促进小鼠成纤维细胞增殖的作用,其中以10μg/L浓度促小鼠成纤维细胞增殖的作用最强.(3)从治疗第7天开始,愈合率以A组最快,A组与其他三组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).羟脯氨酸含量、β1整合素和角蛋白-19阳性染色面积比A组均高于B组. 结论 用改进的复乳法制备的rhEGF缓释微球,粒径大小分布均一,释放时间长达24 h.rhEGF缓释微球促进糖尿病大鼠溃疡创面愈合速度较rhEGF原液更快,溃疡创面愈合质量更高.     

盐酸多西环素牙周用微球温敏性凝胶的制剂学研究简

目的构建盐酸多西环素牙周用微球温敏性凝胶缓释系统。方法通过乳化一交联固化法制备盐酸多西环素羧甲基壳聚糖微球（DXY-CMCTS-MS）。采用壳聚糖和卢．甘油磷酸钠（β-GP）制备凝胶。用扫描电镜和光学显微镜观察微球表面形态;体外动态透析法测定释药性能。结果制备的DXY—CMCTS—MS形态圆整,粒径分布较为均匀,平均粒径约25μm,载药量18．9％,包封率64．6％。DXY微球凝胶在室温下为自由流动的液体,37℃的平均凝胶时间为（1．1±0．3）min,明显低于凝胶剂的凝胶时间。微球凝胶复合载体的释药速度明显低于微球剂,体外释药曲线符合Higuchi拟合方程。结论盐酸多西环素微球温敏凝胶复合载体的处方和制备工艺可行,作为牙周用缓释制剂值得进一步研究。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中尼索地平药物浓度

目的　建立反相高效液相 紫外色谱法测定人血浆中尼索地平药物浓度 ,并对其方法学进行验证。方法　用高效液相色谱仪和紫外检测器 ,选莫雷西嗪为内标 ,利用反相C18柱对尼索地平在人血浆中的浓度进行检测。结果　尼索地平与内标物莫雷西嗪在设定的色谱条件下有良好的分离度 ,其线性范围为 0 .7～ 6 4 .32ng·ml-1,血浆最低检测浓度 0 .7ng·ml-1,最低检测量为 0 .4ng。结论　本方法灵敏、专属性强 ,可用于尼索地平药代动力学研究及药物浓度检测     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2缓释凝胶微球的研制及其溶胀、降解、载药、释药特征

目的制备载人骨形态发生蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯右旋糖酐(dex-GMA)凝胶微球并初步考察其体外溶胀、降解、载药与释药特征。方法以液体石蜡为油相,Span-80为乳化剂,采用乳化化学交联技术制备载rhBMP-2的凝胶微球(BMP-HMs)并通过正交设计法优化其制备工艺;观察BMP-HMs形态和粒径,测定其包封率与载药量;用微球的吸水能力表示微球的溶胀率(Rs),扫描电镜观察微球的体外降解,动态观察体外释药特征及其与微球溶胀、降解的关系。结果所制备的BMP-HMs形态规整,粒径40～50μm,分布均匀;rhBMP-2载药量(10.6±4.8)%,包封率(88.9±1.0)%,BMP-HMs冻干剂4℃以下存放6个月性能稳定,但在磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中20～40d内可以完全降解。微球Rs随反应促进剂四甲基乙二胺(TEMED)用量的增大而减小,0.3mlTEMED制备的BMP-HMs体外释药实验表明80%的rhBMP-2在前20d左右释放。结论BMP-HMs对rhBMP-2具有确定的缓释作用,并可以通过制备工艺的改变控制其释药。     

毛冬青缓释胶囊的制备

目的 制备膜控释毛冬青缓释微丸胶囊并研究其体外释药性能。方法 用乙基纤维素等辅料包衣材料,以PEG1000为致孔剂,经薄膜包衣制备毛冬青缓释微丸胶囊,并以体外释放度试验来评价。结果 实验表明体外释药符合Higuchi方程,Q=18．415t^1/2 29．649(r=0．9874)。结论 毛冬青缓释微丸具有较好的释药性能,为一种较理想的口服缓释剂型,制备工艺可行。     

不同制备工艺对胶质细胞源性神经营养因子微球理化性质及生物活性的影响

目的 评价不同制备工艺对胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)缓释微球的影响及微球所包裹的GDNF生物学活性.方法 以聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(polylactide-co-glycolide,PLGA)为包裹材料,采用复乳法(W1/O/W2)制备GDNF-PLGA微球,通过两因素析因设计方差分析,研究PLGA中乳酸(LA)与羟基乙酸(GA)单体组成比例和复乳搅拌速度对GDNF微球的粒径、包封率、突释率和体外释放行为的影响,并用PC-12细胞检测微球所释放的GDNF生物学活性,确定最佳制备工艺.结果 PLGA的单体组成比例可影响微球的突释率(P＜0.05),对粒径和包封率的影响无统计学意义,随着GA比例的增加,微球中GDNF释放速度加快.复乳搅拌速度由1 000 r/min增加到3 000 r/min后,微球的粒径显著减小(P＜0.01),突释率显著增加(P＜0.01),体外释放更为快速.微球中的GDNF在37℃下活性有效期可达20 d左右,较单独存放的GDNF活性有效期延长10 d以上.结论 复乳法可制备具有较高包封率和适宜体外释放时间的GDNF缓释微球,且活性有效期延长.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of different preparation processes on preparation of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF)loaded microspheres and observe the biological activity of GDNF.Methods With polylactide-co-glycolide(PLGA)as the coating material,the GDNF-loaded microspheres were prepared by using double emulsion(W1/O/W2).Two-factor factorial design variance analysis was done to analyze the effects of the composition proportion of lactic acid(LA)and glycolic acid(GA)in PLGA and the stirring speed of multiple emulsion on particle size,entrapment efficiency,burst release and in vitro release characteristics of the GDNF-loaded microspheres.PC-12 bioassay was employed to detect the biological activity of the released GDNF so as to determine the optimal preparation process.Results The composition proportion of PLGA could affect the microspheres'burst release(P ＜ 0.05),with no effect on particle size and entrapment efficiency.with the higher.With higher proportion of GA,the release speed of GDNF in the microspheres was increased.When the stirring speed of multiple emulsion was increased from 1 000 r/min to 3 000 r/min,the particle size of the microspheres was decrease significantly(P ＜ 0.01),the burst release was increased markedly(P ＜ 0.01)and the in vitro release rate was accelerated.The activity of GDNF in the microspheres could last for about 20 days at 37℃,which was 10 days longer than that of single GDNF.Conclusions Double emulsioncan prepare the GDNF-loaded microspheres with high entrapment efficiency and suitable in vitro release time.In the meantime,the microspheres can extend the validity of GDNF.     

常用的蛋白质保护剂对NGF-PLGA微球性质的影响

目的研究常用的蛋白质保护剂对微球性质的影响特点。方法复乳化溶剂挥发法制备NGF-PLGA微球，分别添加葡萄糖，聚乙二醇，卵清蛋白作保护剂，观察微球的形态，载药量、包封率及体外释放特点，研究保护剂的作用特点。结果保护剂对微球的粒径、包封率和载药量影响不明显，粒径集中分布在10-40μm，载药量0．0007％-0．0011％，包封率7％～11％。保护剂主要影响微球的形态和体外释放。添加不同的保护剂，微球表面的光滑度和孔隙差别较大；体外释放的突释较小，存在明显的缓慢释放期，进入快速释放期的起始时间和释药速度受保护剂影响显著，一个月内的累积释放药量达到80％以上。结论保护剂的分子量可能是微球形态和释放不同的原因，添加分子量大的保护剂形成的微球的表面比添加分子量小的保护剂时致密光滑，体外的缓慢释放期长。     

阿霉素磁性明胶微球的制备及特性检测

目的制备阿霉素磁性明胶微球检测其特性。方法采用乳化-交联法制备阿霉素磁性明胶微球。高倍显微镜观察微球粒径大小及形态,紫外分光光度法检测微球中阿霉素的含量,测定微球磁吸附率,计算求和值S,确定最佳投料比（药物∶载体）,绘制药物微球体外释放曲线。结果制备的阿霉素磁性明胶微球最佳投料比为1∶15,磁吸附率为100%。微球外形圆整,分散性好。阿霉素60min释放70%左右,240min持续释放90%以上。结论制备的阿霉素磁性明胶微球缓释性好,磁响应性强,可作为一种治疗顽固性疼痛的靶向神经损毁剂。     

Efficient inhibition of in-stent restenosis by controlled stent-based inhibition of elastase: a pilot study

PURPOSE: It is proposed that local elastase inhibition could suppress the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and subsequent smooth muscle cell migration and limit subsequent in-stent restenosis. This study evaluated the effect of stent-based controlled elastase inhibition on restenosis after stent implantation in a rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biodegradable microspheres containing the potent elastase inhibitor alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) were prepared. Daily release of AAT from the microspheres was confirmed in vitro. The microspheres were loaded into stents with an abluminal polymer reservoir. Implantation of the stent with AAT microspheres and blank microspheres (control) was performed in the abdominal aortae of six rabbits in each group. After stent deployment, all stents were overdilated to 125% diameter. Stent-implanted arteries were harvested after 7 days (n = 3 each) or 28 days (n = 3 each). To assess the effect of local delivery of AAT, elastase activity and elastin content of the stent-implanted aortae were analyzed. As an endpoint, intima-to-media (I/M) ratio was determined in the 7-day and 28-day specimens. RESULTS: Significant inhibition of elastase was confirmed in treated vessels versus controls at 7 days after stent implantation (P < .05). This reduction in elastase activity was sufficient to afford early and late reduction of in-stent neointima. Plaque progression in the 28-day specimens decreased to 67% with elastase inhibition relative to controls (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Stent-based controlled release of elastase inhibitor may significantly reduce ECM degradation and might limit in-stent restenosis.     

载荷双氯芬酸钠海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微球的制备及其药效学性质研究

目的考察双氯芬酸钠（DS）海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微球的性质。方法通过对微球进行电镜扫描、差示扫描、红外光谱分析、体外释药行为及镇痛作用研究,考察其性质。结果差热分析与红外光谱分析结果表明DS原料药和海藻酸钠-壳聚糖空白微球之间不是化学结合而是物理吸附。Ds微球在不同溶出介质里释药行为随溶媒的pH及离子强度的不同而不同。DS海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微球高、中剂量在醋酸扭体实验中镇痛作用较强,与空白对照组相比具有显著性差异。镇痛作用随给药剂量的增大而增强。DS海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微球高、中、低剂量均能提高热板法小鼠痛阈（P〈0．05）。结论DS海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微球镇痛作用起效快,效果好。     

Drug-Eluting Beads Loaded with Antiangiogenic Agents for Chemoembolization: In Vitro Sunitinib Loading and Release and In Vivo Pharmacokinetics in an Animal Model

PurposeThe combination of embolic beads with a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits tumor vessel growth is suggested as an alternative and improvement to the current standard doxorubicin-eluting beads for use in transarterial chemoembolization. This study demonstrates the in vitro loading and release kinetics of sunitinib using commercially available embolization microspheres and evaluates the in vitro biologic efficacy on cell cultures and the resulting in vivo pharmacokinetics profiles in an animal model.Materials and MethodsDC Bead microspheres, 70–150 µm and 100–300 µm (Biocompatibles Ltd., Farnham, United Kingdom), were loaded by immersion in sunitinib solution. Drug release was measured in saline in a USP-approved flow-through apparatus and quantified by spectrophotometry. Activity after release was confirmed in cell culture. For pharmacokinetics and in vivo toxicity evaluation, New Zealand white rabbits received sunitinib either by intraarterial injection of 100–300 µm sized beads or per os. Plasma and liver tissue drug concentrations were assessed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy.ResultsSunitinib loading on beads was close to complete and homogeneous. A total release of 80% in saline was measured, with similar fast-release profiles for both sphere sizes. After embolization, drug plasma levels remained below the therapeutic threshold (< 50 ng/mL), but high concentrations at 6 hours (14.9 µg/g) and 24 hours (3.4 µg/g) were found in the liver tissue.ConclusionsDC Bead microspheres of two sizes were efficiently loaded with sunitinib and displayed a fast and almost complete release in saline. High liver drug concentrations and low systemic levels indicated the potential of sunitinib-eluting beads for use in embolization.     

喷雾干燥法制备硝苯地平缓释片的研究

目的研制硝苯地平缓释片。方法用喷雾干燥法将硝苯地平和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮制成固体分散物，再加入羟丙基甲基纤维素等制得硝苯地平缓释片。结果用此方法制得的片剂外观合格，含量测定回收率为99．19％，体外累积释放度2、4、8小时分别为38．0％，61．7％，74．4％。结论本方法制备硝苯地平缓释片操作方便、方法可行．缓释片释放度符合要求。