α－L－天冬氨酰－L－苯丙氨酸甲酯的合成

以Ｎ─甲酰─Ｌ─天冬氨酸酐和Ｌ─苯丙氨酸为原料缩合成Ｎ─甲酰─α─Ｌ─天冬氨酰─Ｌ─苯丙氨酸，然后去保护基成α─Ｌ─天氨酰─Ｌ─苯丙氨酸，并酯化得α─Ｌ─天冬氨酰─Ｌ─苯丙氨酸甲酯（α─ＡＰＭ）。产物晶形好，纯度高。     

α－L－天冬氨酰－L－苯丙氨酸甲酯的合成

以Ｎ－甲酰－Ｌ－天冬氨酸酐和Ｌ－苯丙氨酸为原料缩合成Ｎ－甲酰－ａ－Ｌ－天冬氨酰－Ｌ－苯丙氨酸，然后去保护基成ａ－Ｌ－天氨－Ｌ－苯丙氨酸，并酯化得ａ－Ｌ－天冬氨酰－Ｌ－苯丙氨酸甲酯产物昌形好，纯度高。     

主链含氨基酸、5-氟尿嘧啶和膦甲酸乙酯(膦乙酸乙酯)的聚磷酰胺和聚磷酸酯的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

由1,3-双(氨基酸丙酯盐酸盐)-5-氟尿嘧啶与膦甲(乙)酸乙酯在DMF中反应制得二十种主链含氨基酸、膦甲(乙)酸乙酯和5-氟尿嘧啶三组分的聚合物。通过核磁、红外和紫外光谱以及元素分析测定了聚合物的结构。并试验了聚合物的体外抗肿瘤活性。     

1-α-D-呋喃阿拉伯糖胞嘧啶及其衍生物的合成

本文报道了l-α-D-呋哺阿拉伯糖胞嘧啶、尿嘧啶及5’-棕榈酸酯和木糖-5-氟尿嘧啶的合成,产物经元素分析及UV、~1HNMR确定结构。结果进一步证明,Trans规律在核苷合成中是通过形成1,2-酰氧鎓盐的中间体过程。经抗病毒试验,表明α-构型的端基异构体同样具有生物活性。     

含直链烷酸功能基的5-氟尿嘧啶衍生物的合成

目的合成含2～5个碳的直链烷酸功能基的5-氟尿嘧啶衍生物。方法用卤代酸酯和过量的5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）反应,再水解得5-FU的N1-位取代直链烷酸。先将5-FU的N1-位用叔丁氧羰基（Boc）保护,再与卤代酸酯反应,最后升温去保护,三步反应一锅煮,可得到高收率（75％～85％）的N3-位取代酸酯,水解后得N3-位取代的直链烷酸。结果共合成了5-FU衍生物16个,其中新化合物10个,目标物8个。所有化合物都通过了光谱确证。结论过量的5-FU与卤代酸酯反应能得到较好收率的N1-位单取代物。通过对5-FU的N1-位Boc保护,再与卤代酸酯反应,去保护、水解后可以得到N3-位单取代直链烷酸。     

N1-(芳)烷氧酰基烷酰基-5-氟尿嘧啶的合成

目的合成有适当脂溶性的N1-(芳)烷氧酰基取代的5-氟尿嘧啶衍生物。方法将5-氟尿嘧啶用六甲基二硅烷胺进行硅醚化,然后再与不同的二酸单苄酯酰氯反应,得目标物(Ⅰ);(Ⅰ)经氢化脱苄,得目标物(Ⅱ);随后与卤代烃发生酯化反应,得目标物(Ⅲ)。结果合成了12个5-氟尿嘧啶衍生物。结论合成的12个5-氟尿嘧啶衍生物经^1H-NMR、IR、MS所确证为实验的设计产物。     

两亲性嵌段共聚物聚苯丙氨酸-聚天冬氨酸的合成与表征

目的：以L-苯丙氨酸和L-天冬氨酸为原料,合成得到不同相对分子质量的聚苯丙氨酸-聚天冬氨酸两亲性氨基酸嵌段共聚物。方法以L-苯丙氨酸、L-天冬氨酸为原料,合成N-羧基-L-苯丙氨酸-环内酸酐、N-羧基-L-天冬氨酸苄酯-环内酸酐,采用开环聚合反应,得到目标化合物聚苯丙氨酸-聚天冬氨酸嵌段共聚物;利用芘荧光探针法对共聚物临界胶束浓度进行了测定。结果合成得到了疏水链段相对分子质量为500、2000、4000的两亲性嵌段共聚物,结构经氢核磁和红外光谱法确认;随着共聚物聚苯丙氨酸与聚天冬氨酸比例不同得到的聚合物的临界胶束浓度也发生了变化。结论疏水性链段聚苯丙氨酸链越长聚合物的临界胶束浓度越小。这为进一步研究不同性质的聚合物对药物纳米粒的稳定作用奠定了基础。     

含嘧啶碱基和膦甲酸乙酯的聚磷酸酯的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

本文通过十一种二羟基嘧啶衍生物单体与P,P-二氯膦甲酸乙酯进行缩聚反应,合成了十一种新的含5-氟脲嘧啶、尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和膦甲酸乙酯的聚磷酸酯。用核磁、红外光谱及元素分析确定了聚合物的结构。进行了部分聚合物抗动物肿瘤活性试验,含5-氟脲嘧啶和膦甲酸乙酯的聚磷酯对小鼠艾氏腹水癌的抑制率可达56％。     

N-［4-（2，4-二氨基吡啶并［3，2-d］嘧啶-6-甲氨基）-苯甲酰］-L-谷氨酸二乙酯的合成方法改进

目的：改进抗叶酸类药物关键中间体N-［4-（2,4-二氨基吡啶并［3,2-d］嘧啶-6-甲氨基）-苯甲酰］-L-谷氨酸二乙酯的合成方法。方法：6-乙酰氧基甲基-2,4, 二氧代吡啶并［3,2-d］嘧啶（1）经过水解反应、氯代反应、对氨基苯甲酰谷氨酸二乙酯缩合、氨解反应生成N-［4-（2,4-二氨基吡啶并［3,2-d］嘧啶-6-甲氨基）-苯甲酰］-L-谷氨酸二乙酯（5）。结果：改进了N-［4-（2,4-二氨基吡啶并［3,2-d］嘧啶-6-甲氨基）-苯甲酰］-L-谷氨酸二乙酯的合成路线,该合成路线共4步反应,分别为水解反应、氯代反应、对氨基苯甲酰谷氨酸二乙酯缩合反应和氨解反应, 4步反应总收率为36.7%,化合物通过磁共振氢谱、磁共振碳谱和质谱分析法鉴定后结构正确。新路线避免了溴化反应产物的不稳定,改善了氨解反应苛刻的反应条件。结论：新合成路线改善了反应条件和中间体的稳定性,增加了化合物的衍生化范围,对抗叶酸类抗肿瘤抑制剂的合成研究具有重要意义。     

聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸）水凝胶中5-氟尿嘧啶的释药性能研究

【目的】研究聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸）水凝胶作为药物载体的释药性能。【方法】参照文献合成聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸）水凝胶,采用浸泡法包埋5-氟尿嘧啶,紫外可见光谱法观察其在不同条件下药物释放情况。【结果】聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸）水凝胶中5-氟尿嘧啶的载药量12．62％;37℃、pH=7．4条件下释放性能较好,500min累积释放率达到76％。【结论】聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸）水凝胶具有温度和pH值双重敏感性,可作为5-氟尿嘧啶的缓释药用载体。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.