动态心电图心率变异性指标在评估急性脑卒中患者心脏自主神经功能及预后中的价值

目的:探讨动态心电图(Holter)心率变异性指标(HRV)评估急性脑卒中患者心脏自主神经功能及预后的价值。方法:选取我院2017年1—12月收治的61例急性脑卒中患者为研究组,选取同期我院收治的非脑血管疾病住院患者61例为对照组,采用Holter记录仪检测两组每5min时段窦性R-R间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、窦性R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)、相邻R-R间期互差>50ms的心跳数所占分析信息间期内心搏数的百分比(PNN50%)以及窦性R-R间期的平方根(rMSSD)。结果:研究组SDANN、SDNN、PNN50%、rMSSD均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。脑出血患者和脑梗死患者SDANN、SDNN、PNN50%、rMSSD比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。死亡患者SDANN、SDNN、PNN50%、rMSSD均显著低于存活患者(P<0.05)。结论:Holter HRV在评估急性脑卒中患者心脏自主神经功能中具有很好的临床价值,可有效预测患者病情变化和发展,可在一定程度上避免心源性猝死事件发生。     

原发性高血压患者心率变异性分析

目的评价原发性高血压(EH)的心率变异性(HRV)。方法选择EH患者120例、体检健康者85例,进行动态心电图检查,对比分析心率变异时域指标所有窦性心搏R-R(N-N)间期的标准差(SDNN)、全程记录中每5minN-N间期平均值的标准差(SDANNI)、全程记录中每5minN-N间期标准差的平均值(SDNNI)、相邻N-N间期差值均方根(RMSSD)、相邻N-N间期差值>50ms的百分比(PNN50)。结果EH患者反映自主神经整体变化指标SDNN、SDANNI、SDNNI明显下降(P<0.01),反映迷走神经变化指标RMSSD、PNN50有所下降(P<0.05)。结论检测、分析EH患者HRV可判断自主神经系统活性功能,指导治疗,预测心脏功能受损程度及预后。HRV可能是预测心脏性猝死和心律失常性事件的一个有价值的指标。     

2型糖尿病患者心率变异性分析及依帕司他对其的影响

目的 观察2型糖尿病患者心率变异性(HRV)改变的特征及依帕司他对其的影响。 方法 应用24 h动态心电图对2007年7月-2011年7月皖南医学院第二附属医院收治的46例2型糖尿病患者进行心率变异性分析,并与28例正常人进行比较。将46例2型糖尿病患者随机分为常规治疗组和依帕司他组;依帕司他组在常规治疗基础上加依帕司他治疗,观察治疗6个月后各组心率变异性时域和频域各项指标,时域指标包括24 h连续正常R-R间期的标准差(SDNN),24 h内每5 min正常R-R间期平均值的标准差(SDANN),全程相邻窦性心搏RR间期之差的均方根值(rMSSD),24 h内相邻的两个正常R-R间期差值>50 ms的个数占总心率数的百分比(PNN50);频域指标包括:低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)、低频与高频的比(LF/HF)的变化。 结果 2型糖尿病患者心率变异性时域和频域各项指标与正常对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2型糖尿病常规治疗组治疗6个月后SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD、PNN50、LF、HF、LF/HF等各项指标与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);而依帕司他组治疗6个月后HRV时域和频域各项指标与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 2型糖尿病患者HRV降低,自主神经功能受损;依帕司他可改善其自主神经功能。      

心肌炎儿童的长程心率变异改变及其与心脏大小和功能的相关性

目的研究心肌炎患儿的长程心率变异(HRV)改变及其与心脏大小和功能的相关性。方法对100例心肌炎患儿（心肌炎组）和50例健康儿童（对照组）分别行24h心率变异分析,得出连续平均正常R-R间期标准差（SDNN),每5min R-R间期平均值的标准差(SDANN),每5min正常R-R间期标准差的平均值（SDNN index）,相邻正常R-R间期差值的均方根值（rMSSD）,相邻R-R间期之差大于50ms的心搏次数占总心搏次数的百分比（PNN50）,总功率TP(0-0.4Hz),低频成分LF (0.04-0.15Hz),高频成分HF (0.15-0.4Hz)及LF/HF等指标。并空腹测定肌酸激酶同工酶(CKMB)和肌钙蛋白I(cTnI),同时接受经胸超声心动图检查,取得左房舒张末期前后径(LAED)、左室舒张末期前后径(LVED)、左室射血分数(LVEF)和短轴缩短率(LVFS)等指标。对两组的上述指标进行比较,并分析心肌炎患儿的心率变异性与心脏大小和功能的相关性。结果与对照组相比,心肌炎组的SDNN、rMSSD、PNN50、HF显著降低(P均<0.05),SDANN、SDNN index、TP、LF略降低(P均＞0.05);心肌炎患儿CKMB显著增高(P<0.01),cTnI和LAED明显增高(P均<0.05);心肌炎组的SDNN与LAED、LVEF呈中等相关(r=－0.52, r=0.49, P均<0.05),其余HRV指标与心肌酶、肌钙蛋白、心脏大小及心功能无明显相关。结论心肌炎患儿的HRV普遍降低,提示自主神经系统的总体功能受损,以迷走神经张力降低为主,交感神经张力相对增强,部分HRV指标与心脏大小及心功能有一定的相关性,部分HRV指标是相对独立的,将HRV指标与常规测量指标结合起来能更好的指导心肌炎的诊断和预后的判断。     

参松养心胶囊对急性心肌梗死患者心率变异性的影响

目的探讨参松养心胶囊对急性心肌梗死患者心率变异性(HRV)的影响。方法将107例AMI治疗患者随机分为两组:参松养心胶囊加常规AMI治疗组(治疗组)58例,常规AMI对照组49例。治疗前进行HRV测定,两组间比较各指标均无显著性差异(P均>0.05),治疗1个疗程(28 d)后再次进行HRV测定。结果①治疗组:治疗后,正常R-R间期标准差(SDNN)2、4 h去Holter 5 min平均正常RR间期标准差(SDANN)2、4 h去Holter 5 min平均正常RR间期标准差的平均数(SDNNIDX)2、4 h去Holter正常相邻RR间期之差>50 ms的心搏数所占百分比(PNN50)、低频成分(LF)、高频成分(HF)、总功率谱(TP)较治疗前均显著升高(P均<0.01),LF/HF显著降低(P<0.01);②对照组:治疗后,SDANN、PNN50、LF、HF、TP较治疗前均显著升高(P均<0.05),LF/HF显著降低(P<0.05);③治疗后参松养心胶囊组与对照组比较SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50、LF、MF、HF、TP均显著升高(P均<0.05),LF/HF显著降低(P<0.05)。结论①常规AMI治疗(静脉溶栓、硝酸酯类及抗凝治疗),提高AMI患者的HRV;②参松养心胶囊加常规AMI治疗,对改善AMI患者HRV更显著,且能改善自主神经平衡性,改善预后。     

参松养心胶囊对抑郁症患者心率变异性的影响

目的观察抑郁患者心率变异性的特点及参松养心胶囊对抑郁患者心率变异性的影响。方法选取武汉大学人民医院精神卫生中心就诊的焦虑抑郁患者,分别为抑郁症对照组(抑郁组)和参松养心胶囊治疗组(参松组),同时选择无心、肺、脑、肝、肾等疾病者作为正常对照组(正常组)。以时域、频域指标全程正常窦性R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)、全程5min平均R-R间期的标准差(SDANN)、全程内差值超过50ms的连续正常R-R间期所占的百分率(PNN50)、全程相邻RR间期之差的均方根值(RMSSD)、高频(HF)、低频(LF)、高频和低频的比率(LF/HF)作为心率变异性的评价标准评价抑郁症患者的心率变异性。结果抑郁组患者的心率变异性时域、频域指标SDNN、SDANN、PNN50、RMSSD、HF、LF、LF/HF明显低于正常组(P0.05),参松组时域、频域指标较抑郁组有所提高(P0.05),差异有高度统计学意义。结论参松养心胶囊可提高抑郁患者心率变异性,对临床治疗有指导性意义。     

病毒性心肌炎患儿室性早搏负荷量与心率变异性的关系

目的探讨病毒性心肌炎患儿室性早搏负荷量与心率变异性(HRV)的关系。方法选取2017年3月至2018年10月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的140例病毒性心肌炎合并室性早搏患儿,纳入观察组。选取同期于该院体检的46名健康儿童纳入对照组。根据室性早搏负荷量将观察组患儿分为低负荷组(77例)、中负荷组(40例)与高负荷组(23例)。比较观察组和对照组HRV相关指标,包括全部正常窦性RR间期标准差(SDNN)、每5 min的正常窦性RR间期的标准差(SDANN)、全部相邻RR间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)、相邻RR间期差值大于50 ms的百分数(PNN50)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)和LF/HF。比较不同负荷组HRV相关指标的差异。分析病毒性心肌炎患儿室性早搏负荷量与HRV的相关性。结果观察组患儿SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50、HF、LF、LF/HF值均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。中负荷组SDNN、SDANN、PNN50、LF值均低于低负荷组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。高负荷组SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50、HF、LF、LF/HF值均低于低负荷组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。高负荷组SDANN、PNN50值均低于中负荷组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。病毒性心肌炎患儿室性早搏负荷量与SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50、HF、LF、LF/HF均呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论病毒性心肌炎合并室性早搏患儿的自主神经系统调节受损,自主神经系统调节受损程度随室性早搏负荷量的增加而加重。     

充血性心力衰竭患者心率变异性的临床分析

目的检测慢性充血性心力衰竭（CHF）患者的心率变异性（HRV）,探讨其与心脏功能及心室结构的关系。方法采用24小时动态心电图检测58例CHF患者HRV指标：24h正常R-R间期标准差（SDNN）、24h内每5min平均正常R-R间期的标准差（SDANN）、24h内每5min的正常R-R间期标准差的平均值（SDNNI）、相邻正常R-R间期差值的均方根（rMSSD）、相邻正常R-R间期差值≥50ms心搏数占总R-R间期数的百分数（PNN50）,并对每位患者行超声心动图检查记录左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左心室后壁舒张末期厚度（LVPWT）、心室间隔舒张末期厚度（IVST）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）,并与21例心功能正常者对照。结果CHF患者HRV各时域指标均下降,与对照组相比有显著差异（P〈0.05）。SDNN、SDANN、SDNNI在心功能Ⅲ、Ⅳ级与心功能Ⅱ级比较;SDNN、SDANNI在LVEF≤35%与LVEF〉35%比较;SDANN在LVEDD〉60mm比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01或〈0.05）。结论CHF患者HRV下降,并与心脏功能及心室结构有一定的相关。     

新活素对急性心衰患者心率变异性的影响

目的观察新活素——冻干重组人脑利钠肽(Lyophilized Recombinant Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide,Lrh-BNP)治疗急性失代偿心力衰竭(Acute decompensated heart failure,ADHF)对心脏自主神经功能的影响。方法对照组49例,进行基础抗心衰治疗;Lrh-BNP组45例,在基础抗心衰治疗上静脉注射Lrh-BNP 24 h。所有患者治疗前后均进行24 h Holter检查,对Lrh-BNP治疗前后及对照组进行心率功率谱时域和频域分析。结果Lrh-BNP组治疗后心率变异性(HRV)值较对照组显著改善,其中时域指标:全部正常R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)、每5 min R-R间期均值的标准差(SDANNI)、SDNN的均值(SDNNI)、正常相邻R-R间期差值的均方根RMSSD、正常相邻R-R间期差值>50 ms的百分比(PNN50)、心率均显著改善(P<0.05);频域指标:总频谱(TF)、低频(LF)和高频(HF)亦明显改善(P<0.05)。结论Lrh-BNP可改善ADHF患者的心率变异性。     

300例高龄冠心病患者心率变异性分析

目的探讨高龄(≥70岁)冠心病患者心率变异性(HRV)的变化。方法对高龄冠心病组(300例)与正常对照组(198例)的电信号进行研究,观察比较时域指标:连续24 h内正常RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、全程记录中每5分钟正常RR间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、相邻正常RR间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)、相邻RR间期差值>50 ms百分比(PNN50);频域指标:总功率(TP)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)。结果冠心病组HRV的SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50、HF显著低于正常对照组(P<0.01),TP、LF比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高龄冠心病患者存在自主神经功能紊乱,迷走神经活性降低,交感神经活动相对增强。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.